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Chapter 7

OperatingSystems

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Define the purpose and functions of an operating system.Define the purpose and functions of an operating system.

Understand the components of an operating system.Understand the components of an operating system.

Understand the concept of virtual memory.Understand the concept of virtual memory.

Understand the concept of deadlock and starvation.Understand the concept of deadlock and starvation.

After reading this chapter, the reader should After reading this chapter, the reader should be able to:be able to:

OOBJECTIVESBJECTIVES

List some of the characteristics of popular operating systemsList some of the characteristics of popular operating systemssuch as Windows 2000, UNIX, and Linux.such as Windows 2000, UNIX, and Linux.

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Figure 7-1

Computer System

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DEFINITIONDEFINITIONDEFINITIONDEFINITION

7.17.1

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An operating system is an An operating system is an interface between the interface between the

hardware of a computer and hardware of a computer and the user (program or human) the user (program or human) that facilitates the execution that facilitates the execution

of the other programs and the of the other programs and the access to hardware and access to hardware and

software resources. software resources.

Note:Note:

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EVOLUTIONEVOLUTIONEVOLUTIONEVOLUTION

7.27.2

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COMPONENTSCOMPONENTSCOMPONENTSCOMPONENTS

7.37.3

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Figure 7-2

Components of an operating system

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Figure 7-3

Monoprogramming

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Figure 7-4

Multiprogramming

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Figure 7-5

Categories of multiprogramming

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Figure 7-6

Partitioning

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Figure 7-7

Paging

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Figure 7-8

Virtual memory

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Figure 7-9 State diagram with the boundaries between a program, a job, and a process

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Figure 7-10

Job scheduler

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Figure 7-11

Process scheduler

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Figure 7-12

Queues for process management

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Figure 7-13

Deadlock

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Figure 7-14

Deadlock on a bridge

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Deadlock occurs when the Deadlock occurs when the operatingoperating

system does not put resource system does not put resource restrictionsrestrictions

on processes.on processes.

Note:Note:

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Figure 7-15.a

Starvation

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Figure 7-15.b

Starvation

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Figure 7-15.c

Starvation