Broadcasting Deregulation in South Korea by Ki-sung Kwak

8/3/2019 Broadcasting Deregulation in South Korea by Ki-sung Kwak

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Iynemèp}hbc Pxp}df QAIPV, Ftbgse Iynemèp}hbc @nyznye}hnb QFI@V,ebm PIP(, sep cyeb}dm e fnbnznlx lh`dbpd ony pe}dllh}d iynemèp}hbc"

Hb emmh}hnb }n èild ebm pe}dllh}d zle}onyfp, }gd Anydeb cnvdybfdb} hb9::4 cyeb}dm lh`dbpdp ony }sn }xzdp no MFI pdyvh`d, }dyydp}yhel MFIebm pe}dllh}d MFI" Ep ony }gd }dyydp}yhel MFI pdyvh`d, dwhp}hbc }dyydp}yhel

iynemèp}dyp”AIP, PIP, FI@, ebm @gyhp}heb Iynemèp}hbc Pdyvh`d”ebm Xnbgez ]dldvhphnb Bd}snya 'X]B(, e ̀ eild ̀ gebbdl pzd`helh{hbc hb bdsp ebm `tyydb} eooehyp, ebm e ̀ nbpny}htf ̀ nbphp}hbc no pdvdyel pfell ̀ nfzebhdp sdydcyeb}dm lh`dbpdp }n nzdye}d nb nvdy&}gd&ehy phcbelp" E }dld`nfftbhè}hnb`nfzebx, }gd PA ]dld`nf&nsbdm ]T Fdmhe, sep cyeb}dm e pe}dllh}d MFIlh`dbpd }n zynvhmd vhmdn&nb&}gd&fnvd pdyvh`d }ge} sep idefdm }gyntcg e`nfftbhè}hnb pe}dllh}d"

]gd p}ey} no MFI feyadm }gd p}ey} no }gd }dld`nfftbhè}hnb `nfzebhdp‘ zey}h`hze}hnb hb }gd iynemèp}hbc itphbdpp" Hb febx `ntb}yhdp, }dld`nfft&bhè}hnb `nfzebhdp‘ zey}h`hze}hnb hb }gd iynemèp} itphbdpp gep iddb, }n eveyxhbc mdcydd, vhphild sh}g }gd dfdycdb`d no bds }d`gbnlnchdp" Sghld }gdldvdl no }gdhy zey}h`hze}hnb gep iddb leycdlx md`hmdm ix cnvdybfdb} znlh&`hdp ebm ydctle}hnbp }ge} sdyd mdphcbdm }n e``nffnme}d }gd `nbvdycdb`dno }dld`nfftbhè}hnb ebm iynemèp}hbc, cnvdybfdb}p hb febx `ntb}yhdpgevd ellnsdm ebm zleb }n ellns }gd }dld`nfftbhè}hnb ̀ nfzebhdp }ge} gevdelydemx dp}eilhpgdm }gd mdlhvdyx bd}snya hboyep}yt`}tyd }n db}dy }gd }dldvhphnb

itphbdpp" ]gd hbvnlvdfdb} no }dld`nfftbhè}hnb `nfzebhdp hb }gd iynem&èp}hbc itphbdpp hb }gd onyf no zex }dldvhphnb sep e phcbhstèb} mdzey}tydoynf }gd zep} ydctle}nyx p}yt`}tyd }ge} dlhfhbe}dm `nfzd}h}hnb"

Hb Anyde, }dld`nfftbhè}hnb `nfzebhdp }ge} zynvhmd ghcg&pzddm Hb}dybd}pdyvh`d gevd iddb addb }n zey}h`hze}d hb }gd iynemèp} itphbdpp" Anyde id&èfd e snylm ldemdy hb ghcg&pzddm iynemiebm leycdlx idètpd }gd Anydebcnvdybfdb} hbh}he}dm ebm oe`hlh}e}dm iynemiebm mdvdlnzfdb} }gyntcg h}pdeylx ̀ nffh}fdb} }n ghcg&pzddm hboyep}yt`}tyd sh}g pzd`hst` zyncyefp pt`gep lns&hb}dydp} lnebp" Gnsdvdy, }dld`nfftbhè}hnb `nfzebhdp‘ zey}h`hze}hnbhb }gd iynemèp} itphbdpp t}hlh{hbc }gdhy bd}snyap sep lhfh}dm tb}hl 9::7"Hb deylx 9::4, }gd Fhbhp}yx no Hbonyfe}hnb ebm @nfftbhè}hnb 'FNH@(ebbntb`dm }ge} }gd }dld`nfftbhè}hnb `nfzebhdp sntlm id ellnsdm }n

zynvhmd iynemèp} pdyvh`d" Gnsdvdy, }sn ̀ nbmh}hnbp sdyd emmdm" Ohyp}, }gdxsdyd bn} ellnsdm }n p}ey} idonyd 9::3" Pd`nbm, hb }gd hb}dyhf }gdx sntlm

id ellnsdm }n noody nblx Hb}dybd} `nb}db}&nb&mdfebm pdyvh`d" FNH@ ktp}h&stdm h}p mdlhidye}d mdlex no }gd }dld`nfftbhè}hnb `nfzebhdp‘ iynemèp}

itphbdpp ix pexhbc h} bddmdm }n chvd }gd èild hbmtp}yx dbntcg }hfd }nmdzlnx mhch}el pd}&}nz inwdp ebm e`ghdvd mhch}el ptip`yhidy zdbd}ye}hnb no e} ldep} 9"90 fhllhnb ix 9::3 ebm ynll nt} bds pdyvh`dp pt`g ep }dldzgnbxebm iynemiebm pdyvh`dp"4



7? Nb Anyde; _nltfd 0

Znlh`x @gebcd }nseym @nfzd}h}hnb

]gd `nbvdycdb`d no iynemèp}hbc ebm }dld`nfftbhè}hnbp, mtd }n yezhmlxmdvdlnzhbc }d`gbnlnchdp, gep hbveyheilx zynfz}dm ydctle}nyp hb veyhntp

zey}p no }gd snylm }n ydmdstbd ebm ydp}yt`}tyd }gd iynemèp}hbc hbmtp}yx" ]nydpznbm }n }gdpd ̀ gelldbcdp, }gd Ldd cnvdybfdb} ebbntb`dm }gd efdbmfdb}no pdvdyel fdmhe&ydle}dm lesp, sgh`g iynemlx `nvdy HZ]_, `nb}db}p, mhch}e&lh{e}hnb, zyncyef dwzny}, oydutdb`x febecdfdb}, ebm tzcyemhbc bd}snya ebm Hb}dybd} pdyvh`d"? ]gd ztpg ix }gd Ldd cnvdybfdb} ony mdydctle}hnbno iynemèp}hbc hp sdll ptffeyh{dm hb h}p zynznpdm ydonyf zleb,3 sgh`gdfzgeph{dp }gd p}ynbc bddm }n p}ydbc}gdb }gd `nfzd}h}hvdbdpp no }gd lnèlfdmhe hbmtp}yx hb e clniel ̀ nb}dw} ebm }n db`ntyecd fdmhe }n zynmt`d id}}dy `nb}db} ony vhdsdyp" ]ghp pd`}hnb iyhdx mhp`tppdp }sn gn}&it}}nb hpptdp;HZ]_ ebm ̀ ynpp&fdmhe nsbdypghz"

Letb`g no HZ]_

]gd efihctntp intbmeyhdp no }gd ydctle}nyx p}yt`}tyd ̀ nb`dybhbc HZ]_ tb&mdy }gd zydvhntp mtel ydctle}nyx p}yt`}tyd”iynemèp}hbc ydctle}dm tbmdy }gdIynemèp} Les ix }gd AI@ sghld }dld`nfftbhè}hnbp eyd ydctle}dm leycdlxtbmdy }gd ]dld`nfftbhè}hnbp Les ix }gd FNH@”gevd ̀ yde}dm ̀ nbotphnbebm ̀ nbh`}p" E``nymhbclx, }gd leà no ̀ nbpdbptp efnbc }gd p}e}d ydctle}nypsep e oe`}ny }ge} mdlexdm }gd letb`g no HZ]_" Eo}dy }gd Ldd cnvdybfdb} }nna nost`d hb 9::7, }gdpd ydctle}nyp sdyd fdycdm }n onyf e phbcld ydctle}ny, }gdAnyde @nfftbhè}hnbp @nffhpphnb 'A@@(" ]gdydonyd, ony }gd A@@, }gdletb`g no HZ]_”e zyhfd dwefzld no iynemèp}hbc&}dld`nfftbhè}hnb`nbvdycdb`d”gep iddb bn} nblx e pgnsèpd no }gd bds cnvdybfdb} it}elpn eb hfzny}eb} innp} ony in}g }gd iynemèp}hbc ebm }gd }dld`nfftbhè&}hnb hbmtp}yhdp"

]gd cnvdybfdb} p}ydppdm }ge} }gd letb`g no HZ]_ noodyp bds cyns}g nzzny&

}tbh}hdp hb veyhntp pd`}nyp mtyhbc 9::8‐50, sh}g zynkd`}hnbp }ge} }gd hbmtp}yxshll cdbdye}d =,4:: ihllhnb snb sny}g no hbvdp}fdb} hb }gd hbmtp}yx, }gd}n}el feyad} ̀ np} shll yde`g 7,8:: ihllhnb snb, ebm 0?,::: bds knip shll id`yde}dm"7 ]gdpd zynkd`}hnbp gevd iddb oty}gdy ptzzny}dm ix n}gdy cnvdyb&fdb} nycebh{e}hnbp, befdlx }gd Anyde Hbonyfe}hnb Pn`hd}x Mdvdlnzfdb}Hbp}h}t}d ebm }gd Fhbhp}yx no P}ye}dcx ebm Ohbeb`d" ]gdpd znph}hvd d`nbnfh`

zynkd`}hnbp gevd iddb `yh}h`h{dm, gnsdvdy, ix nzznph}hnb zey}hdp ebm `h}h&{dbp‘ nycebh{e}hnbp }ge} `lehf }ge} }gd me}e oehldm }n ydd`} }gd stbeb`helmhost`tl}hdp }gd `tyydb} zex ]_ feyad} gep oe`dm" ]gdpd `nb`dybp èb idoty}gdy dwzlehbdm hb }dyfp no }gd ldvdl no `nfzd}h}hnb HZ]_ `ntlm iyhbc }n}gd hbmtp}yx ep e sgnld ebm }gd ̀ eze`h}x no }gd bds HZ]_ zle}onyfp 'Anyde]dld`nf QA]V, Ltàx CnlmP}ey ]dld`nf QLC]V, ebm Ptb Axtbc ]dld`nfQPA]V( }n pd`tyd zyncyeffhbc"




Hb Anyde, 84 zdy`db} no gntpdgnlmp ptip`yhid }n zex }dldvhphnb" Efnbc }gdpd,77 zdy`db} '54 fhllhnb gntpdgnlmp( ptip`yhid }n èild, sghld 59 zdy`db} '9fhllhnb( eyd pe}dllh}d ptip`yhidyp" Hb pt`g e ph}te}hnb sgdyd }gd btfidy no gntpdgnlmp ptip`yhihbc }n zex }dldvhphnb gep yde`gdm }gd bdey&pe}tye}hnb

znhb}, h} hp utdp}hnbeild sgd}gdy ebn}gdy }xzd no zex }dldvhphnb”HZ]_” sntlm id `nfzd}h}hvd" Anydeb `nbptfz}hnb ze}}dybp pgns }ge} hb èild}dldvhphnb, hb zey}h`tley, mdpzh}d e cyemtel hb`ydepd hb zdbd}ye}hnb ye}dp,}gd hbmtp}yx gep femd nblx e vdyx fnmdp} efntb} zdy ptip`yhidy" Phb`d9::5, sgdb }gd ydchp}ye}hnb pxp}df ydzle`dm }gd dwhp}hbc lh`dbpd pxp}df ony

zyncyef zynvhmdyp, }gdyd gep iddb e phcbhstèb} hb`ydepd hb }gd btfidy no zyncyef zynvhmdyp”oynf =0 hb 9::5 }n 57: hb Kebteyx 9::="8 Ep e ydptl},}gd btfidy no ̀ eild ptip`yhidyp gep hb`ydepdm pgeyzlx, ep }gd ̀ eild nzdye}nypgevd zynvhmdm fnyd mhvdypd zyncyefp ebm `gebbdlp"

]gd stbeb`hel mhost`tl}hdp ydptl}hbc oynf }gd ̀ eild hbmtp}yx‘p lns ptip`yhz}hnboddp èb id pddb dephlx ho sd lnna e} }gd ebbtel hb`nfd cdbdye}dm oynf }gdptip`yhz}hnb odd zehm ix de`g gntpdgnlm" Hb 5887, ony dwefzld, sgdb zyh`d}hdyhbc sep bn} ellnsdm, }gd evdyecd ebbtel hb`nfd oynf }gd ptip`yhz}hnb oddsep -574 zdy gntpdgnlm"5: H} mynzzdm }n eint} nbd&}ghym no }ge} }n}el ix 9::0"Ep no Kebteyx 9::8, fnyd }geb 8: zdy`db} no 54 fhllhnb èild ptip`yhidyp}ead lns }hdyhbc ny `gdez zeàecdp }ge} `np} -= }n -7 zdy fnb}g"55

Hb }gd èpd no }dyydp}yhel MFI, el}gntcg 5? fhllhnb yd`dhvdy pd}p sdyd pnlm hb 9::7, }gd pdyvh`d zynvhmdyp '}dyydp}yhel iynemèp}dyp( gevd oe`dm pdyhntpstbeb`hel mhost`tl}x idètpd emvdy}hphbc, }gdhy nblx pnty`d no ydvdbtd, gepmd`lhbdm"59 N}gdy zynvhmdyp no }dyydp}yhel MFI pdyvh`d”X]B MFI, AnydeMFI, ebm Xtsnb Fdmhe”yd`nymdm mdst`h}p }n}elhbc 53 ihllhnb snb" Mdpzh}dh}p plns hb`ydepd hb ptip`yhidyp, Paxlhod”}gd pnld mhyd`}&}n&gnfd pe}dllh}d

zle}onyf sh}g plhcg}lx fnyd }geb }sn fhllhnb ptip`yhidyp hb }n}el”pes e zynst} no 953 ihllnb snb hb 9::3" Hb `nb}yep}, }gd pe}dllh}d MFI pdyvh`dnzdye}dm ix PA‘p ]T fdmhe pes e mdst`h} no 3= ihllhnb snb"50

Ebn}gdy hpptd }ge} gep dfdycdm sh}g }gd letb`g no HZ]_ hp }ge} }gdyd gep iddb lh}}ld mhoodydb`d hb zyncyeffhbc noodydm ix }gd veyhntp zle}onyfp"]ghp hp zey}h`tleylx }ytd sgdb sd `nbphmdy }ge} e btfidy no zyncyefp nbèild ebm pe}dllh}d gevd iddb zynvhmdm ix }gd pefd zyncyef zynvhmdyp" ]gdcnvdybfdb} eyctdm }ge} HZ]_, t}hlh{hbc h}p `nbvdycdb`d èze`h}x, sntlm

zynvhmd fnyd hb}dye`}hvd pdyvh`dp pt`g ep hb}dye`}hvd dmtè}hnb zyncyefp,myefep hb sgh`g }gd etmhdb`d èb zey}h`hze}d, ebm zynvhphnb no ̀ nfzydgdb&phvd hbonyfe}hnb zny}elp"5= H} hp, gnsdvdy, utdp}hnbeild sgd}gdy hb}dye`}hvdp}ydbc}gp elnbd èb id `nffdy`hellx vheild ebm e}}ye`}hvd dbntcg }n feadèild ptip`yhidyp fhcye}d }n HZ]_" ]gdydonyd }gd adx utdp}hnb hp; Hb e ph}te&}hnb sgdyd }gd dwhp}hbc zex ]_ nzdye}nyp zynvhmd phfhley }xzdp no zyncyefp




ebm zeàecdp, gns shll }gd HZ]_ nzdye}nyp mhoodydb}he}d }gdhy zyncyefp oynf

}gnpd zynvhmdm ix mhoodydb} zle}onyfp> ]n zynfn}d HZ]_, }gd zynznpdm zleb

p}e}dp }ge} }gd ydctle}ny shll ̀ lnpdlx fnbh}ny }gd ̀ eild }dldvhphnb hbmtp}yx, p}e}hnb

nzdye}nyp hb zey}h`tley, }n pdd sgd}gdy }gdx fnbnznlh{d }gd ̀ nb}db} ix eitphbc

}gdhy ptzdyhny znph}hnb hb }gd feyad}" E} }gd pefd }hfd, }gd cnvdybfdb} elpn

db`ntyecdp in}g zyncyef zynvhmdyp ebm }dyydp}yhel iynemèp}dyp }n zey}h`hze}d

hb HZ]_ ep `nb}db} zynvhmdyp"

@ynpp&Fdmhe Nsbdypghz

Ebn}gdy ̀ nb}ynvdyphel hpptd ̀ nb}ehbdm hb }gd zynznpdm ydonyf zleb hp }gd yd&lewe}hnb no ̀ ynpp&fdmhe nsbdypghz ydp}yh`}hnb }ge} gep zynghih}dm bdspzezdy `nfzebhdp ebm itphbdpp `nbclnfdye}dp oynf nsbhbc pgeydp hb }dyydp}yhel

iynemèp}hbc ebm ̀ eild bdsp ̀ gebbdlp" ]gd ̀ tyydb} ieb nb ̀ ynpp&fdmhe nsb&dypghz gep iddb hb zle`d phb`d 587: sgdb }gd fhlh}eyx ydchfd ldm ix @gtbMnn&gseb ony`dm ell dwhp}hbc `nffdy`hel iynemèp}dyp }n id zle`dm tbmdy }gd tfiydlle no ztilh` pdyvh`d iynemèp}hbc" FI@, nsbdm ix Axtbc&GxebcMehlx, idèfd e ztilh` iynemèp}dy sghld yd}ehbhbc h}p befd, it} ]nbcxebcIynemèp}hbc @nfzebx, nsbdm ix Pefptbc Cyntz, sep eipnyidm ebm yd&befdm AIP9" ]gd AIP&FI@ fnbnznlx ydfehbdm hb zle`d tb}hl }gd 588:letb`g no Pdntl Iynemèp}hbc Pxp}df 'PIP(, e ̀ nffdy`hel iynemèp}dy"

]gd zynznpdm ihll, ho zeppdm, shll ellns leycd `nyznye}hnbp ebm bdspzezdy styfp }n gevd tz }n e 9: zdy`db} p}ead hb }dyydp}yhel }dldvhphnb iynemèp}dyp,ebm =8 zdy`db} hb ̀ eild bdsp ̀ gebbdlp ']eild 5(" ]gd fehb ktp}hstè}hnb ony }ghp fnvd hp }n p}ydbc}gdb }gd `nfzd}h}hvdbdpp no }gd lnèl fdmhe hbmtp}yxhb }gd yezhmlx `gebchbc dbvhynbfdb} ebm }n db`ntyecd in}g nlm ebm bds

zlexdyp }n zynvhmd id}}dy `nb}db}p ony }gd vhdsdyp"54 Sghld }gd ydctle}hnbpmdphcbdm }n zydvdb} fnbnznlhdp hb fnyd }geb nbd fdmhtf gevd veyhdm efnbc be}hnbp, `ynpp&fdmhe nsbdypghzp eyd hfzny}eb} zey}h`tleylx tbmdy epzd`}p no `nfzd}h}hnb idètpd `ynpp&feyad}hbc zynvhmdp e ptip}eb}hel`nfzd}h}hvd emveb}ecd"5?

Hb Anyde, gnsdvdy, }gd lnch` no `nfzd}h}hnb gep iddb nvdypgemnsdm ix}gd ̀ tl}tyel ebm znlh}hèl ̀ nb`dz} no iynemèp}hbc" ]ghp sep sdll dvhmdb`dm sgdb }gd cnvdybfdb} ydctle}dm ̀ eild }dldvhphnb hb }gd fhm&588:p" Oynf }gdnt}pd}, }gd cnvdybfdb} ydctle}dm, ye}gdy }geb zynfn}dm, }gd ̀ eild }dldvhphnbhbmtp}yx ix p}yh`}lx pdcydce}hbc p}e}hnb nzdye}nyp ebm zyncyef zynmt`}hnb"]ghp gep `nb}yhit}dm phcbhstèb}lx }n gefzdyhbc }gd mdvdlnzfdb} no èild}dldvhphnb hb h}p hb}ynmt`}nyx p}ecd"

]gd ye}hnbeld no }gd mdydctle}hnb sep sdll dwzydppdm ix nbd no }gd cnvdybhbc zey}x‘p adx fdfidyp no Zeylhefdb}, sgn ptifh}}dm }gd les;




Pnty`d; Ebbtel Ydzny} Qhb AnydebV 'Pdntl; Anyde @nfftbhè}hnbp @nffhpphnb, 9::8("+ @nbclnfdye}dp eyd mdstbdm ep itphbdppdp sgnpd eppd}p dw`ddm 5: }yhllhnb snb"ZZ; Zyncyef Zynvhmdy, dw`dz} bdsp zyncyefpZZ 'bdsp(; Zyncyef Zynvhmdy, bdsp zyncyefp nblxPN; P}e}hnb Nzdye}ny MFI&]; Mhch}el Ftl}hfdmhe Iynemèp}hbc, ]dyydp}yhel

MFI&P; Mhch}el Ftl}hfdmhe Iynemèp}hbc, Pe}dllh}dHZ]_; Hb}dybd} Zyn}n`nl ]dldvhphnb

]eild 5; Zynznpdm Mdydctle}hnb no Fdmhe Nsbdypghz

]gd yezhmlx `gebchbc fdmhe dbvhynbfdb} gep phcbhstèb}lx sdea&dbdm }gd }yemh}hnbel ecdbme&pd}}hbc ynld no }gd bdspzezdyp, leycdlx

idètpd no }gd ydp}yh`}hnbp hfznpdm hb 587: sgh`g zynghih}dm bdsp& zezdyp oynf zey}h`hze}hbc iynemèp}hbc itphbdpp" Pn, h} hp bd`dppeyx}n zynvhmd eb nzzny}tbh}x ony }gd p}ytcclhbc bdspzezdy ̀ nfzebhdp}n mdvdlnz ebm id`nfd e ptp}ehbeild fdmhtf"53

Tbmdylxhbc }ghp ̀ nffdb} hp, nb }gd nbd gebm, }gd mhppe}hpoe`}hnb no }gd Cyebm Be}hnbel Zey}x 'CBZ( sh}g }gd be}hnbel oydd&}n&ehy }dldvhphnb iynemèp}dyp'AIP ebm FI@ hb zey}h`tley( mtyhbc }gd zydvhntp ydonyfhp} cnvdybfdb}p'5887‐9::3(, ebm, nb }gd n}gdy gebm, }gd CBZ‘p p}ynbc hb}db}hnb }n ptz&

zny} `nbpdyve}hvd bdspzezdyp ix ellnshbc }gdf }n }ead zey} hb dfdychbc iynemèp}hbc itphbdpp" Hbmddm, tbmdy }gd ydonyfhp} cnvdybfdb}p, }gd YngFnn&gxtb cnvdybfdb} hb zey}h`tley, }gd Anydeb fdmhe sdyd znleyh{dm hb}ge} }gd `nbpdyve}hvd bdspzezdyp gevd elhcbdm }gdfpdlvdp sh}g }gd CBZ,

sghld }gd be}hnbel oydd&}n&ehy }dldvhphnb iynemèp}dyp phmdm sh}g }gd cnvdyb&fdb} ebm }gd ytlhbc zey}hdp 'Mdfn`ye}h` Zey}x ebm Tyh Zey}x(" ]gd ydonyf&nyhdb}dm zydphmdb}p‘ md}dyfhbe}hnb }n sdeadb }gd znsdy no fdmhe fd} p}ynbcydphp}eb`d oynf }gd `nbpdyve}hvd bdspzezdyp"



8: Nb Anyde; _nltfd 0

]gd zynznpdm ihllp sdyd gehldm ix }gd fekny ̀ nbpdyve}hvd bdspzezdyp pt`gep }gd @gnptb Mehlx, }gd Mnbc&E Mehlx, ebm }gd KnnbcEbc Mehlx, sgh`ggevd iddb addb }n zynvhmd iynemèp}hbc pdyvh`dp" ]gd zynznph}hnb no md&ydctle}hnb no `ynpp&fdmhe nsbdypghz, gnsdvdy, gep fd} p}ynbc nzznph}hnboynf oydd&}n&ehy }dldvhphnb iynemèp}dyp ebm }gd fdmhe tbhnbp, pt`g ep }gd

Be}hnbel Tbhnb no Fdmhe Snyadyp, sgh`g `lehfdm }ge} }gd ydlewe}hnb no `ynpp&fdmhe nsbdypghz sntlm dvdb}tellx ellns ihc itphbdpp `nbclnfdye}dpebm bdspzezdy ̀ nfzebhdp }n gevd }gdhy nsb iynemèp}hbc pdyvh`dp ebm }ge}}ghp sntlm mhp`ntyecd hbmdzdbmdb} ebm mhvdypd vhdsp ebm lhfh} oyddmnf no dwzydpphnb"

Dfdychbc Hpptdp ebm Mhp`tpphnb

Nb }gd iephp no eb dwefhbe}hnb no }gd `nb}dw} hb sgh`g bds iynemèp}fdmhe”èild, pe}dllh}d, MFI, ebm HZ]_”gevd iddb hb}ynmt`dm ebm mdvdl&nzdm hb Anyde, }ghp zezdy gep zynvhmdm eb nvdyell ieàcyntbm }ge} dwzlehbp}gd sex hb sgh`g }gd Anydeb p}e}d gep ydp}yt`}tydm }dldvhphnb iynemèp}hbcebm h}p ydctle}hnb" Nbd no }gd fnp} pelhdb} ode}tydp bn}dm hb }gd ydp}yt`}tyhbc

zyn`dpp gep iddb }ge} ydctle}nyx hb}dyvdb}hnb gep iddb mdphcbdm }n zyn}d`}}gd hb}dydp}p no }gd }dyydp}yhel iynemèp}dyp" ]ghp gep leycdlx zynvdb }n id }ytdsgdb sd `nbphmdy }gd dw}db} }n sgh`g }gd dwhp}hbc }dyydp}yhel iynemèp}dypgevd iddb ellnsdm }n cd} hbvnlvdm hb }gd dfdychbc bds mdlhvdyx zle}onyfp"Ell }gydd }dyydp}yhel iynemèp}dyp gevd iddb e`}hvdlx hbvnlvdm hb }gd èild}dldvhphnb itphbdpp ep zyncyef zynvhmdyp sh}g }gdhy nsb èild `gebbdlp"

Ell }dyydp}yhel iynemèp}dyp, oty}gdyfnyd, eyd }gd fekny pgeydgnlmdyp no }gdbdslx p}ey}dm pe}dllh}d iynemèp}dy, Paxlhod1 }gdx sdyd cyeb}dm e lh`dbpd ony }dyydp}yhel MFI pdyvh`d ebm, fnyd yd`db}lx, }gdx phcbdm e fdfnyebmtf no tbmdyp}ebmhbc }n ptzzlx }gdhy zyncyefp }n }gd HZ]_ pdyvh`d }ge} p}ey}dm hb le}d9::7" ]gd zyncyefp zynvhmdm ix }dyydp}yhel iynemèp}dyp gevd iddb oevnydm hb ell bds mdlhvdyx zle}onyfp" ]gd znztleyh}x no }dyydp}yhel iynemèp}dy‐ nsbdm zex `gebbdlp gep iddb ebn}gdy hbmhè}ny }ge} pgnsp }gd ptzdyhnyh}xno }dyydp}yhel zyncyefp" Hbmddm, }gdhy myefe ebm pzny}p `gebbdlp gevd iddb}gd fnp} znztley `gebbdlp hb in}g èild ebm pe}dllh}d lhbdtzp"

@nbvdypdlx, }ghp fdebp }ge} }dyydp}yhel iynemèp}dyp‘ dwzebphnb hb}n bdsfdmhe gep bn} nblx sdeadbdm }gd znpphihlh}x ony bds mnfhbeb} zlexdyp }ndvnlvd, it}, }n e ̀ dy}ehb dw}db}, gep mhp`ntyecdm }gd mdvdlnzfdb} no }gd bdsfdmhe hbmtp}yx ep e sgnld" ]ghp dwzlehbp gns }gd }dyydp}yhel iynemèp}dyp,mdpzh}d }gd `gelldbcdp oynf èild ebm pe}dllh}d `gebbdlp, gevd fehb}ehbdm }gdhy mnfhbeb`d hb }gd }dldvhphnb hbmtp}yx hb Anyde" Hb e phfhley vdhb, h} hpoehy }n pex }ge} ydctle}nyx hb}dyvdb}hnb hb Anyde gep iddb mdphcbdm }n zyn}d`}}gd hb}dydp}p no }gd }dyydp}yhel iynemèp}dyp" ]ghp gep iddb `ldey oynf }gdoe`} }ge} }dyydp}yhel iynemèp}dyp gevd iddb ellnsdm }n zey}h`hze}d hb veyhntp




mdlhvdyx zle}onyfp, }gd yd}yebpfhpphnb no }gdhy zyncyefp nb n}gdy zle}onyfpgep iddb zynghih}dm, ebm }gd znpphihlh}x ony }dld`nfftbhè}hnb `nfzebhdp}n zey}h`hze}d hb iynemèp}hbc itphbdpp gep iddb mdlexdm"

Ebn}gdy ode}tyd sny}g bn}hbc hp }ge} Anydeb iynemèp}hbc gep dwzdyhdb`dm e cyemtel yd}yde} oynf h}p }yemh}hnbel ynld”ydpznbphihlh}x }n }gd ztilh`” ebm eb emveb`d }nseym hb`ydepdm d`nbnfh` lhidyelh{e}hnb ebm dwzebphnbno feyad}&iepdm iynemèp}hbc pdyvh`dp" Tz tb}hl }gd le}d 588:p, }gd Anydebcnvdybfdb} sep zydn``tzhdm sh}g }gd pn`hel ebm `tl}tyel epzd`}p”}gd

ztilh` ydpznbphihlh}x”no iynemèp}hbc, ebm }ghp gep iddb ydd`}dm `nb}hbt&ntplx hb h}p iynemèp}hbc znlh`hdp" ]ghp eyctfdb} hp sdll ptzzny}dm ix }gdydctle}nyx dwzdyhdb`d no ztilh` pdyvh`d iynemèp}hbc 'FI@ hb zey}h`tley(hb }gd 588:p" Yd`ncbh{hbc }ge} zey}hel ydlheb`d nb emvdy}hphbc 'ep ony AIP(ny db}hyd ydlheb`d nb emvdy}hphbc 'ep ony FI@( gep iddb }gd fekny nip}e`ld}ge} tbmdyfhbdm }gd vdyx be}tyd no ztilh` pdyvh`d iynemèp}hbc hb Anyde, ebtfidy no cnvdybfdb}&`nffhpphnbdm ydzny}p ptccdp}dm }ge} fekny p}yt`}tyel`gebcdp id femd }n AIP ebm }ge} FI@ id zyhve}h{dm"57 Sghld }gd fekny&h}x no }gd yd`nffdbme}hnbp ony AIP sdyd emnz}dm ebm hfzldfdb}dm, bnbdno }gnpd ony FI@ sdyd emnz}dm" ]ghp `ldeylx pgnsp }ge} FI@‘p ynld ep e

ztilh` iynemèp}dy, el}gntcg h} cdbdye}dp zynst}p db}hydlx oynf emvdy}hphbc, zydvehldm"

]gd Anydeb cnvdybfdb} idceb }n dfiye`d ̀ nfzd}h}hnb hb h}p iynemèp}hbc znlh`x hb }gd le}d 588:p sgdb }gd èild hbmtp}yx sep bdey `nllezpd" Phb`d}gdb, gnsdvdy, }gd zyn`dpp hb sgh`g in}g }gd ydctle}nyp ebm iynemèp}dypgevd ldeybdm ebm emnz}dm }ghp feyad} zyhb`hzld hb }gd iynemèp}hbc hbmtp}yxgep iddb plns"

]gd mdydctle}hnb no `ynpp&fdmhe nsbdypghz ydp}yh`}hnbp `nb}ehbdm hb }gd`tyydb} zynznpdm ihll gep znpdm e }gyde} }n hb`tfidb} iynemèp}dyp, ep }gdxodey bds `gebbdlp nsbdm ebm nzdye}dm ix bdspzezdy `nfzebhdp ebm ihc

itphbdpp `nbclnfdye}dp `ntlm phcbhstèb}lx `gelldbcd }gdhy mnfhbeb`d" Hb}ghp pdbpd, mdydctle}hnb ̀ eb id pddb ep eb hfzny}eb} fnvd }n sdeadb, ho bn}

iydea, }gd }dyydp}yhel iynemèp}dyp‘ mnfhbeb`d ebm e} }gd pefd }hfd onp}dy mhvdyph}x ebm ̀ nfzd}h}hnb hb in}g mdlhvdyx zle}onyfp ebm ̀ nb}db}p" El}gntcg}gd ldvdl no ydphp}eb`d oynf }gd hb`tfidb} iynemèp}dyp, sh}g ptzzny} no }gdnzznph}hnb zey}hdp ebm ̀ hvhl nycebh{e}hnbp, ydfehbp p}ynbc, h} hp xd} }n id pddbsgd}gdy }gdhy mnfhbeb`d ̀ eb id ktp}hstdm ecehb" ]gd stbel stbd&}tbhbc no }gd

zynznpdm ihllp hp mtd }n id `nfzld}dm ebm }eildm hb }gd Be}hnbel Eppdfilxhb Ktlx 9::8"

Ydceymldpp no }gd pzd`hst`p no }gd stbd&}tbhbc, }gd adx hpptd shll id }n sge}dw}db} }gd pxp}df èb `nb}hbtd }n pdyvd pn`hel ebm `tl}tyel nikd`}hvdp eo}dy h} gep iddb nzdbdm tz }n `nffdy`hel hfzdye}hvdp"




Dbmbn}dp

5" Y" Zdzzdy, “Ydctle}nyx @nb`dybp,‖ hb Hb}dybd} ]dldvhphnb, dm" D" Bnef, K" Cyndidl,

ebm M" Cdyieyc 'Lnbmnb; Lesydb`d Dylietf, 9::=(, 5:4‐59"

9" A" P" Asea, “Bds Iynemèp} Fdmhe hb Pnt}g Anyde‖ 'mhp`tpphnb zezdy, Anyde&Etp}yelephe Ydpdey`g @db}yd, Tbhvdyph}x no Bds Pnt}g Seldp, Pxmbdx, 9::9(1 P" @" Lddebm P" Knd, “Adx Hpptdp hb }gd Anydeb ]dldvhphnb Hbmtp}yx; Zyncyeffdp ebm Feyad}P}yt`}tyd,‖ hb ]dldvhphnb hb @nb}dfznyeyx Ephe, dm" M" Oydb`g ebm F" Yh`geymp 'BdsMdlgh; Pecd Ztilhè}hnbp, 9:::(, 505‐=8"

0" ]gd Anyde Zydpp 5887 Qhb AnydebV 'Pdntl; Anydeb Zydpp Hbp}h}t}d, 5883("

=" A" P" Asea, “]gd Ynld no }gd P}e}d hb }gd Ydctle}hnb no ]dldvhphnb Iynemèp}hbchb Pnt}g Anyde,‖ Fdmhe Hb}dybe}hnbel Etp}yelhe Hb`nyznye}hbc @tl}tyd ebm Znlh`x 89'5888(; ?4‐38"

4" Anyde Mhch}el ]_ Ptffh} 9::4 @nbodydb`d Ydzny} 'Gnbc Anbc; Fdmhe Zey}bdypEphe, L}m", 9::4("

?" Ebbtel Ydzny} Qhb AnydebV 'Pdntl; Anyde @nfftbhè}hnbp @nffhpphnb, 9::8("

3" Emveb`hbc Iynemèp}hbc ebm ]dld`nfftbhè}hnb Qhb AnydebV 'Pdntl; Anyde @nf&ftbhè}hnbp @nffhpphnb, 9::7("

7" 5:&Znhb} Zleb ony Iynemèp}hbc ebm ]dld`nfftbhè}hnb‖ Qhb AnydebV 'Pdntl; Anyde@nfftbhè}hnbp @nffhpphnb, 9::7("

8" @eild ]dldvhphnb Hbmtp}yx hb Pnt}g Anyde”Hb}dybel Ydzny} Qhb AnydebV 'Pdntl; AnydebIynemèp}hbc @nffhpphnb, 9::=("

5:" Hihm"

55" Xntf Xnbc&ptz d} el", AHPMH Hpptd Ydzny}; D`nbnfh` Hfzlhè}hnbp no Iynemèp}hbc

Mdydctle}hnb Qhb AnydebV 'Pdntl; Anyde Hbonyfe}hnb Pn`hd}x Mdvdlnzfdb} Hbp}h}t}d,9::8("

59" Pdd @gnptb Mehlx, 50 Odiyteyx 9::8"

50" Anyde Fdmhe Xdeyinna Qhb AnydebV 'Pdntl; Anyde Zydpp Ontbme}hnb, 9::7("

5=" Emveb`hbc Iynemèp}hbc ebm ]dld`nfftbhè}hnb Qhb AnydebV 'Pdntl; Anyde @nf&ftbhè}hnbp @nffhpphnb, 9::7("

54" Ebbtel Ydzny} Qhb AnydebV 'Pdntl; Anyde @nfftbhè}hnbp @nffhpphnb, 9::8("

5?" Knpdo ]yezzdl ebm Sdybdy Fdhdy, “Fdmhe @nb`db}ye}hnb; Nz}hnbp ony Znlh`x,‖ hb Fdmhe Znlh`x; @nbvdycdb`d, @nb`db}ye}hnb ebm @nffdy`d 'Lnbmnb; Pecd, 9::5(, 585‐9:?"

53" Be Axtbc&snb, CBZ fdfidy no Zeylhefdb} ebm fdfidy no }gd P}ebmhbc @nf&fh}}dd no @tl}tyd ebm @nfftbhè}hnb, Be}hnbel Eppdfilx 'hb}dyvhds `h}dm hb Xnnb




@gebc&ihb, “Hpptdp hb Fdmhe Les; Hb}dyvhdsp sh}g }gd Adx Fdfidyp no }gd P}ebmhbc@nffh}}dd Q@tl}tyd ebm FdmheV Qhb AnydebV,‖ Bdspzezdy / Iynemèp}hbc , bn" =4=Q9::7V; =:‐=4("

57" Ktbc Xnbc&knnb, “P}yt`}tyel @gebcd no Ztilh` Pdyvh`d Iynemèp}hbc hb Pnt}g AnydeQhb AnydebV,‖ hb ]gd Ynld no Ztilh` Pdyvh`d Iynemèp}hbc 'Pdntl; Anyde Iynemèp}hbcEppn`he}hnb / AIP, 9::9("



Anyde D`nbnfh` Hbp}h}t}d no Efdyhè57:: A P}" BS, Pth}d 5:5:, Sepghbc}nb, M@ 9:::?

Zg; 9:9"=?="5879 Ow; 9:9"=?="5873 sss"adhe"nyc

Et}gnyp;

Kngb Odoody

Fxtbc&ann Aebc

]gnfep @eychll

Chlidy} Yn{feb

Ah&ptbc Asea

Adh}g Mhbbhd

Gxtbkhb Pdn / P}tey} ]gnypnb

Iyt`d D" Id`g}nl, Ky"

Fey}xb md Iytxb / Pebcfhb Ied

ADH

Nb Anyde sep inyb hb Md`dfidy 9::? sh}g }gd hbh}he}hnb n ADH‘p Eèmdfh` Zezdy Pdyhdp"

ADH `nffhpphnbp yntcglx }db zezdyp zdy xdey sh}g mhvdypd zdypzd`}hvdp nb nyhchbel ptikd`}p n

`tyydb} hb}dydp} }n Anyde se}`gdyp" De`g zezdy hp mhp}yhit}dm hbmhvhmtellx ep e ADH Eèmdfh` Zezdy

}n nvdy 9,::: cnvdybfdb} no`help, }ghba }eba dwzdy}p, ebm p`gnleyp eyntbm }gd Tbh}dm P}e}dp ebm}gd snylm ebm ptipdutdb}lx `nlle}dm hb}n Nb Anyde"

]gd }ghym vnltfd n Nb Anyde hb`ltmdp bhbd zezdyp syh}}db ix pnfd n }gd ldemhbc p`gnleyp snyahbc

nb Anyde }nmex" ]n ldeyb fnyd eint} ptifh}}hbc e zezdy zynznpel }n ADH ny }gd Eèmdfh` Zezdy

Pdyhdp, vhph} sss"adhe"nyc"

Broadcasting Deregulation in South Korea by Ki-sung Kwak

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Transcript of Broadcasting Deregulation in South Korea by Ki-sung Kwak