BR_main 1. Story of Juanita Brooks 2. Background Information Before Reading 3. Warm-up Exercises...

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1. Story of Juanita Brooks

2. Background Information

Before Reading

3. Warm-up Exercises

Listen to the StoryQuestions about the Story

Ryzsard Kapuscinski

Pluralism

Multiculturalism

Los Angeles’ Population

Pacific Rim

A Nation of Immigration

Warm-up QuestionsGroup Work


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Listen to the Story

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The school principal offered to keep her biracial background secret.

Questions about the Story

1. What happened when Juanita Brooks applied for a job more than 50 years ago?


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It was a method of counting people of mixed-race heritage. According to the rule, a person with any "ascertainable" amount of "negro" blood was considered black.


2. What is the so-called “one-drop” rule?


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Changes in federal guidelines for collecting statistics, allowing people to identify themselves as of more than one race.


3. What changes enabled Juanita Brooks to claim to be both black and white?


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4. Is the story related to the theme of the unit — the multicultural society? How?


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Ryzsard Kapuscinski

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Born in 1932 in eastern Poland, Ryszard Kapuscinski has spent most of the post World War II years reporting on war and revolution in Africa, the Middle East, and Latin America. He has written a trilogy ( 三部剧 ) on dictators that covers Haile Selassie I of Ethiopia, Idi Amin of Uganda, and the last Shah of Iran. Being away from the United States frequently and being acquainted with social, ethnic, and racial conflicts in many cultures has given Kapuscinski a broader perspective on the social pressures facing the United States in the future. In this essay, commissioned ( 被委任 ) by The New Perspectives Quarterly ( 季刊 ), Kapuscinski finds the changing composition of the American melting pot not a source of social problems but a sign of positive future and of the continuing vitality ( 活力 ) of the democratic experiment represented by the people and the government of the United States.


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Pluralism

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Pluralism refers to the acceptance of many different groups in society or many different schools of thought in an intellectual or cultural discipline ( 学科 ).


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Pluralism

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Multiculturalism

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the 1990s, although at a slower pace. The population was 3,694,820 in 2000. The Los Angeles-Long Beach metropolitan area reached a population of 9,519,338 in 2000. The larger five-county consolidated metropolitan area reached 16,373,645 people.

Los Angeles’ population expanded rapidly during the 1980s as immigration from Asia and Latin America, especially Mexico, boomed and the city continued to draw people from other parts of the country. The population increased from

2,966,850 in 1980 to 3,485,398 in 1990.The growth continued in


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According to the 2000 census, whites are 46.9 percent of the population, blacks 11.2 percent, Asians 10 percent, Native Americans 0.8 percent, Native Hawaiians and other Pacific Islanders 0.2 percent, and people of mixed heritage or not reporting ethnicity 30.9 percent.


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Hispanics of Mexican heritage formed the largest ethnic group in Los Angeles in the 1990s. The next largest Hispanic group were Salvadorans, many of whom moved to the city to escape political turmoil in El Salvador. Blacks, at 415,000 in 2000, are the second largest minority in Los Angeles. Blacks began to migrate to Los Angeles in large numbers during the economic boom of World War II (1939-1945), lured to the city by good jobs available in war-production plants. Asians have been immigrating to California since the middle of the 19th century, and many of them have made homes in Los Angeles. In the 1990s the largest groups among those of Asian heritage were Filipino, Korean, Chinese, and Japanese. According to the 1990 census, 38 percent of the city’s residents were born outside the United States.


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Pacific Rim

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A Nation of Immigration Although the United States has been shaped by successive waves of immigrants, Americans have often viewed immigration as a problem. Established Americans often look down on new immigrants. The cultural habits of immigrants are frequently targets of

criticism, especially when the new arrivals come from a different country than those in the established community. Despite such tensions, economic needs have always forced Americans to seek immigrants as laborers and settlers, and economic opportunities have beckoned foreigners. The vast majority of immigrants to the United States have come in search of jobs and the chance to create a better life for themselves and their families. In all of American history, less than 10 percent of immigrants have come for political or religious reasons.

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Economic immigrants from Europe, Asia, and Latin America have come to the United States voluntarily. Others, most notably African Americans, were involuntarily transported to North America to do forced labor or to be sold as slaves. Regardless of the reasons they come to the United States, new immigrants typically work

in menial, labor-intensive, low-paying, and dangerous jobs — occupations that most other Americans shun ( 避开 , 避免 ). They are often treated with disdain ( 轻蔑 ) until they assimilate — that is, adopt the mainstream American culture established by earlier immigrants.

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Although immigrants are expected to absorb the beliefs and

standards of the dominant society, most immigrant groups try

to maintain their own cultural heritage, language, and religious

practices. Some groups, such as the Huguenots (French

Protestants), who immigrated during the colonial period,

assimilated within one or two generations. Others, such as the

German and Irish immigrants of the 19th century, still maintain

some aspects of their traditional cultures.

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Warm-up Questions

1. What is a collage?

It is a form of art in which various materials such as photographs and pieces of paper or fabric are arranged and stuck to a backing or a composition made in this way. It also means a combination or collection of various things. For example: The experimental play is a collage of sudden scene shifts, long monologues, musical interludes, and slapsticks.


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Warm-up Questions

2. The title of Text A is America as a Collage. How can

a nation be a collage?

3. Why do you think America can

be regarded as a collage?


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Group Work

1. Make a collage out of newspaper clippings, magazine

pictures, cartoons, your own drawings, etc. out of class.

The collage should represent the United States as you

each see it.

2. Form groups in class to show each other your individual

collages, and then explain why you chose certain images to

represent the U.S.


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Global Reading

1. True or False

3. Further Understanding

2. Part Division of the Text

For Part 1

For Parts 2&3

Blank Filling

Table Completion


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Los Angeles is mentioned as a premonition of the new Pacific civilization because its residents of diverse racial and cultural origins make it a closer link with the Third World and Asia than with Europe.

F

True or False

By “a new Pacific civilization”, the author means the nations of the Pacific Rim, including America, become one nation with diverse cultures.

The author means all the cultures of the Pacific Rim fuse with each other to create a new civilization of openness and pluralism.

( )

T( )

1.

2.


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At the beginning of the 21st century, the majority of the American population will be dark-skinned.

F

True or False

In Los Angeles, in large communities of the Third World cultures, people all speak English.

In Los Angeles, in large communities of the Third World cultures, people speak different languages.

( )3.

4.F

At the beginning of the 21st century, the majority of the world population will be dark-skinned.

( )

In Los Angeles, the new relationship between the development and underdevelopment is cooperation and construction.

5.

T( )


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In Los Angeles, the Third World cultures have to adjust their traditional concept of time.

Immigrants are attracted to America mainly for the better living standard.

T

True or False

( )6.

7.F

Immigrants are attracted to America mainly for the chance to try.

( )


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Part Division of the Text

Part Lines Main Ideas

1

2

1~27

28~103

America is not declining, but is in the process of creating a new collage-like civilization.

Los Angeles is a good example of such a collage.

3 104~120

There is something in America that acts as “glue” to piece different parts together to make the American collage: the chance to try.


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fuse with the pacific

America is not in decline because Signs of decline are surely found in America. But the first and most enduring impression of America is And if you compare America with you will know what is “in decline”. Although Paul Kennedy believed that in my opinion, however, America may not. Instead, it will

regions which are paralyzed and incapable of anymany other

Blank Filling

America still attractsmillions of people

______________________________.

dynamism, energy, aggressiveness and forwardmovement

_______________________________________________.

improvement

______________________________________________________________________, America must inevitably follow historical precedent to fall _______________________________________________,

culture to create a kind of vast pacific collage________________

____________________________________.


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Table CompletionLos Angeles symbolizes a new civilization. Other things of symbolic value are listed below. Now write down what they stand for.

Things of Symbolic Value Standing For

Los Angeles a new civilization

A PC company in Orange Countya fusion of Third World cultures with the most modern mentalities and technologies

A person born in Los Angeles (according to José Vasconcelos)

a citizen of the world

America in the eyes of immigrants a place where you always have a chance to try


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SentenceSentence WordWord

America as a Collage

The mere fact that America still

attracts millions of people is

evidence that it is not in decline.

People aren’t attracted to a place of

decline. Signs of decline are sure to

be found in a place as complex asAmerica: debt, crime, the homeless, drugs, dropouts. But

the main characteristic of America, the first and most

enduring impression, is dynamism, energy, aggressiveness,

forward movement.


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forward movement. CloseClose

in decline/ on the decline: losing strength; declining

He is still one of the world’s most popular tennis players,

but his game is in decline.

SS

As she was getting older, her mental powers were on the decline.

SS

衰落的文明SS

TT a civilization in decline/on the decline


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debt: n. a sum of money that you owe

He had enough money to pay off his father’s debts.

Shrinking economies mean falling tax revenues and more government debt.

Collocation: go/run into debt 欠债pay off/settle a debt 还债

SS


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forward movement.

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in debt to sb. for … 欠某人… 数目的债

out of debt 不欠债

a business/gambling/personal debt 生意上的债 / 赌债 / 私人债务


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characteristic: n. special mark or quality

Genes determine the characteristics of every living thing.

SS

A prominent characteristic of language is that the relation between a linguistic sign and its meaning is arbitrary.

SS

CF: character, characteristic & feature 这三个词都有“特征”之意。character 主要指人的性格、品质。例如：

You can read a guy’s character at the first glance. SS

TT 你一眼就可以看出一个人的性格。They epitomize the national character of the English.SS

TT 他们集中体现了英国人的民族性格。


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forward movement.

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characteristic 意为“特性”、“特征”，指某人或某事具有的区别于其他人或事物的特征或特点。例如：

A characteristic of the camel is its ability to live for a long time without water.

SS

TT 骆驼有一个特点：即使不喝水也能活很长时间 .

Tactfulness is one of his nicest characteristics.SS

TT 乖巧机敏是他最讨人喜欢的特点之一。feature 意为“特色”、“特征”，指显著的、引人注意的特征，尤用于面部表情或长相的描写。例如：

But the most important feature of our work must be parental involvement.

SS

TT 不过我们这项工作最大的特色应该是家长的参与。His nose is his best feature.SS

TT 他脸上最中看的部分是他的鼻子。


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Put into each gap one of the following words in its proper form.

character, characteristic & feature

1. Wet weather is a of life in this country.

2. Good planning is one of the of a successful

business.

3. He is a man of upright

4. You know nothing of the essential of life.

feature______

characteristics____________

character________.

characteristics____________


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It is so hard to think of this nation in decline when you

know that there are vast regions of the planet which are

absolutely paralyzed, incapable of any improvement at all.

It is difficult for me to agree with Paul Kennedy’s thesis in

The Rise and Fall of Great Powers that America must

inevitably follow historical precedent. That’s the way history

used to be -- all powerful nations declined and gave way to

other empires. But maybe there is another way to look at what

is happening. I have a sense that what is going on here

concerns much more than the fate of a nation.


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concerns much more than the fate of a nation.CloseClose

1. What does the word “concern” mean here?It means “be of importance or interest to; have an effect on”.2. What does this sentence mean?It means what is happening here does not only determine

the future of one nation. It is a matter concerning many races and cultures. The future may not be considered in terms of nation, but civilization, new civilization of multiculturalism and pluralism.

3. Translate the sentence.我有种感觉，这个国家正在发生的一切不仅仅关乎一国之命运。


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paralyze: vt. make ineffective; make (sb.) lose the ability to move part or all of the bodyHe had a minor stroke in 1987,which

left him partly paralyzed.SS

The explosion killed about two hundred people and paralyzed part of the city's transportation system.

SS


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thesis: n. an idea or theory that tries to explain why sth. happens; a long piece of writing about a particular subject that you do as part of a university degree such as an MA or a PhD

He was awarded his PhD for a thesis on industrial robots.SS

Their main thesis is that inflation is caused by increase in the money supply.


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historical: adj. concerning past events; based on the study of history

Museums collect objects of scientific, aesthetic, or historical importance.

SS

Many historical documents and photographs are preserved in the provincial archives in Nanjing.

SS

CF: historic & historical 这两个词都有“历史上的”之意。historic 泛指历史上有名的或富有历史意义的。例如：This change in government is a historic event of our times. SS

TT 这项政府变革是当代具有历史意义的大事。


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The signing of the Declaration of Independence was a historic occasion.

SS

TT 《独立宣言》的签订具有历史意义。

historical 主要意思是属于历史的，历史上的，与历史有关的，真实的而不是传说中的。例如：

He gave all his historical papers to the library. SS

TT 他把他所有的历史资料都赠给这个图书馆。There is a historical society in our university. SS

TT 我们大学有一个历史研究所。

Historic or historical?1. Is Macbeth a real figure?

2. a meeting between two great leaders

historical_______

historic______


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precedent: n. earlier happening, decision, etc. taken as an example or rule for what comes later

The trial could set an important precedent for dealing with large numbers of similar cases.

SS

The appointment of female commander of a navy warship is without precedent.

SS

Collocation: create/establish/set a precedent 开辟先例break (a) precedent 打破先例a precedent for … 为 … 确定的先例without precedent 无先例的，空前的


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have a/the sense that: feel/believe/realize that

As soon as we had the sense that something was wrong,

we moved the children away.We have the sense that one month’s preparation is far from enough if we want to accomplish the project.

SS


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It may be that the Euro-centered American nation is declining as it gives way to a new Pacific civilization that will include, but not be limited to, America. Historically speaking, America may not decline, but instead fuse with the Pacific culture to create a kind of vast Pacific collage, a mix of Hispanic and Asian cultures linked through the most modern communication technologies.

Traditional history has been a history of nations. But here, for the first time since the Roman Empire, there is the possibility of creating the history of a civilization. Now is the first chance on a new basis with new technologies to create a civilization of unprecedented openness and pluralism. A civilization of the polycentric mind. A civilization that leaves behind forever the ethnocentric, tribal mentality. The mentality of destruction.


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It may be that the Euro-centered American nation is declining as it gives way to a new Pacific civilization that will include, but not be limited to, America. Historically speaking, America may not decline, but instead fuse with the Pacific culture to create a kind of vast Pacific collage, a mix of Hispanic and Asian cultures linked through the most modern communication technologies.

Traditional history has been a history of nations. But here, for the first time since the Roman Empire, there is the possibility of creating the history of a civilization. Now is the first chance on a new basis with new technologies to create a civilization of unprecedented openness and pluralism. A civilization of the polycentric mind. A civilization that leaves behind forever the ethnocentric, tribal mentality. The mentality of destruction.

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mentality: n. characteristic attitude of mind; way of thinking

Can you understand the mentality of someone who likes to watch animals fighting each other?

SS

Running a business requires a very different mentality from being a salaried employee.

SS


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Los Angeles is a premonition of this

new civilization.

Linked more to the Third World and

Asia than to the Europe of America’s

racial and cultural roots, Los Angeles and

southern California will enter thetwenty-first century as a multiracial and multicultural society.

This is absolutely new. There is no previous example of a

civilization that is being simultaneously created by so many

races, nationalities, and cultures. This new type of cultural

pluralism is completely unknown in the history of mankind.


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new civilization.








pluralism is completely unknown in the history of mankind. CloseClose

1. Paraphrase this part.

As far as the racial and cultural origins of its residents are concerned, Los Angeles has a closer link with the Third World and Asia than with Europe…

2. Translate the whole sentence.

洛杉矶以及南加州与第三世界和亚洲的联系要比与美国的民族、文化之根欧洲的联系更密切，因此将以一个多民族、多元文化的社会进入 21 世纪。


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new civilization.








pluralism is completely unknown in the history of mankind.


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new civilization.








pluralism is completely unknown in the history of mankind. CloseClose

plural:

1. adj. involving more than one person or thing or different kinds of people or things

His government has pledged to move the country towards a plural democracy.

SS

A plural form of a noun is the form that is used to refer to more than one person or thing.

SS

Data is the Latin plural form of datum.SS

2. n.

Dogs is the plural of dog.SS

pluralism: n. 多元主义；多元文化


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America is becoming more plural every day because of the unbelievable facility of the new Third World immigrants to put a piece of their original culture inside of American culture. The notion of a “dominant” American culture is changing every moment. It is incredible coming to America to find you are somewhere else -- in Seoul, in Taipei, in Mexico City. You can travel inside this Korean culture right on the streets of Los Angeles. Inhabitants of this vast city become internal tourists in the place of their own residence.

There are large communities of Laotians, Vietnamese, Cambodians, Mexicans, Salvadorans, Guatemalans, Iranians, Japanese, Koreans, Armenians, Chinese.



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1. Paraphrase this part.

It is amazingly good that when you come to America you will find yourself actually in some other places like Seoul, Taipei or Mexico City. You can experience Korean culture just by walking through some streets in Los Angeles.

2. Translate this part.

来到美国，你会不可思议地发现自己身在别地 -- 来到了汉城、台北、墨西哥城。你在洛杉矶街头行走，就可以感受到韩国的文化氛围。


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immigrant: n. a person who moves as a settler to another country

Historically, the United States has attracted vast numbers of immigrants from around the globe.

It was estimated that more than 11 out of every 20 New Yorkers were immigrants or the children of immigrants.

1. workers move from country to country in search of work.2. The U.S.A. has assimilated from most of the countries of Europe.

Put into each gap one of the following words in its proper form.immigrant, emigrant, migrant

Migrant_______

immigrants _________

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immigrants3. Canada has many from Europe.

4. He is a(n) from Britain because he hates the food there.

_________

emigrant_______


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We find here Little Taipei, Little Saigon, Little Tokyo, Koreatown, Little Central America, the Iranian neighborhood in Westwood, the Armenian community in Hollywood, and the vast Mexican-Americanareas of East Los Angeles. Eighty-one languages, few of them European, are spoken in the elementary school system of the city of Los Angeles. This transformation of American culture anticipates the general trend in the composition of mankind. Ninety percent of the immigrants to this city are from the Third World.


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We find here Little Taipei, Little Saigon, Little Tokyo, Koreatown, Little Central America, the Iranian neighborhood in Westwood, the Armenian community in Hollywood, and the vast Mexican-Americanareas of East Los Angeles. Eighty-one languages, few of them European, are spoken in the elementary school system of the city of Los Angeles. This transformation of American culture anticipates the general trend in the composition of mankind. Ninety percent of the immigrants to this city are from the Third World.

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What does “this transformation of American culture” refer to?

It refers to the change of American culture from Euro-dominant to multiculture (Pacific culture)-fused.


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At the beginning of the twenty-first century, 90 percent of the world’s population will be dark-skinned; the white race will be no more than 11 percent of all human beings living on our planet. Something that can only be seen in America: In the landscaped, ultraclean high-technology parks of northern Orange County there is a personal computer company that seven years ago did not exist. There were only strawberry fields where the plant is. Now, there is a $500 million company with factories in Hong Kong and Taiwan as well. The company was founded by three young immigrants -- a Pakistani Muslim and two Chinese from Hong Kong. They only became citizens in 1984. Each individual is now probably worth $30 million.


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-- Vietnamese, Cambodians, Laotians, Mexicans -- and the most advanced technology. The culture of the work force is a mix of Hispanic-Catholic family values and Asian-Confucian

group loyalty. Employment notices are never posted; hiring is done through the network of families that live in southern California. Not infrequently, employees ask to work an extra twenty hours a week to earn enough money to help members of their extended family buy their first home. In Los Angeles, traditional Third World cultures are, for the first time, fusing with the most modern mentalities and technologies.

Walking through this company we see only young, dark faces


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1. What is an extended family?

An extended family is a family consisting of a family nucleus and various relatives, as grandparents, usually living in one household and functioning as a larger unit. A family composed of father, mother, and children is called a nuclear family.

2. Translate this part.

雇员常常会要求一周加班 20 小时，好多赚钱帮助大家庭成员购买房屋。


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network: n. connected system

The Internet is composed of many interconnected computer networks.

Most personal computers communicate with each other and with larger networks, such as the Internet, by using the ordinary telephone network.


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Usually, the contact between developed and underdeveloped worlds has the character of exploitation--just taking people’s labor and resources and giving them nothing. And the border between races has usually been a border of tension, of crisis. Here we see a revolution that is constructive.

This Pacific Rim civilization being created is a new relationship between development and underdevelopment. Here, there is openness. There is hope. And a future. There is a multicultural crowd. But it is not fighting. It is cooperating, peacefully competing, building. For the first time in four hundred years of relations between the nonwhite Western world and the white Western world, the general character of the relationship is cooperation and construction, not exploitation, not destruction.


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constructive: adj. having a useful purpose; helpful

Criticism is welcome only when it is constructive criticism.After their meeting, both sides described the talks as frank, friendly and constructive.


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cooperation: n. working or acting together for a common purpose

The mission of the United Nations is to maintain world peace, develop good relations between countries, promote cooperation in solving the world’s problems, and encourage respect for human rights.The European Union is an organization dedicated to economic cooperation among European nations.

Collocation:

in cooperation with… 在…合作下


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Unlike any other place on the planet, Los Angeles shows us the potential of development once the Third World mentality merges with an open sense of possibility, a culture of organization, a Western conception of time.

For the destructive, paralyzed world where I have spent most of my life, it is important, simply, that such a possibility as Los Angeles exists.

To adjust the concept of time is the most difficult thing. It is a key revolution of development.

Western culture is a culture of arithmetical time. Time is organized by the clock. In non-Western culture, time is a measure between events.


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Why is it important for the destructive and paralyzed world that such a possibility as Los Angeles exists?

The possibility of Los Angeles is a premonition of the potential of development once the Third World mentality merges with the Western one.


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conception: n. idea about what sth. is like or understanding of sth.; process in which sb. forms a plan or idea

Their conception of love seems to be very different from

our own.

SS

I had no conception of the finished product.SS


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destructive: adj. causing destruction

Technology can be conceived as both a creative and a destructive process.

SS

The strong El Nino which occurred between 1982 and 1983 was the most destructive in more than a century.

SS

他的贪婪会毁了他的幸福。SS

TT His greed is destructive of happiness.


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We arrange a meeting at nine o’clock but the man doesn’t show up. We become anxious, offended. He doesn’t understand our anxiety because for him, the moment he arrives is the measure of time. He is on time when he arrives.

In 1924, the Mexican philosopher José Vasconcelos wrote a book dreaming of the possibility that, in the future, all races on the planet would merge into one type of man. This type of man is being borne in

Los Angeles, in the cultural sense if not the anthropological sense. A vast mosaic of different races, cultures, religions, and moral habits are working toward one common aim.


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What can you infer from this sentence?

He does not care about arriving late for appointments or events.


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show up: put in an appearance; be present

He always shows up in a fancy car.SS

Collocation: show off 炫耀；显示

If I don’t show up for class this morning, I’ll be kicked out.


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offend: vt. hurt the feelings of; give offence to

Richard was deeply offended that people thought he’d faked the story.

SS

He apologized for his comments and said he had no intention of offending the professor.

SS


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in the … sense: as far as … is concerned

In the academic sense, this article is not well written.SS

In the environmental sense, your plan to build a chemical factory is a disaster, whatever the economic benefits may seem to be.

SS


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From the perspective of a world submerged in religious, ethnic, and racial conflict, this harmonious cooperation is something unbelievable. It is truly striking. What is the common aim that harmonizes competing cultures in one place? It is not only the better living standard. What attracts immigrants to America is the essential characteristic of American culture: the chance to try. There is a combination of two things that are important: culture and space. The culture allows you to try to be somebody -- to find yourself, your place, your status. And there is space not only in a geographical sense, but in the sense of opportunity, of social mobility.


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from the perspective of: from the viewpoint of

From the perspective of women, the article is well worth reading.

The novel Harry Potter is written from the perspective of a child.

SS


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submerge: v. (cause to) go under the surface of water; cover or completely hide

Submarines are designed to submerge and surface, and to maneuver quietly underwater to avoid detection.

SS

Some archeological treasures will be submerged in the construction of the Three Gorges Dam.

SS

NB:

merge 沉没，吞没emerge 浮出；出现submerge 淹没

拉丁字根 merg 的含义是“浸、沉”（ dip ， sink）的意思。例如：


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ethnic: adj. of a race or the races of mankind

Although America’s culture is becoming more uniform, its society remains a diverse mix of ethnic, racial, and religious groups.

SS

Long-held ethnic tensions escalated into a violent armed conflict.

SS


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essential: adj. fundamental; most important; necessary (followed by to/for sth.)

Most teachers agree that play is an essential part of a child’s development.

This alliance is essential for the stability of Europe.

SS

Is money essential to happiness?

SS

It is essential that you arrive on time.SS


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thinks, “I will try again.” If he had failed in the old society, he would be discouraged and pessimistic, accepting the place that was given to him. In America, he’s thinking, “I will have another chance, I will try again.” That keeps him going. He’s full of hope.


In societies that are in crisis and in societies which are stagnant -- or even in those which are stable -- there is no chance to try. You are defined in advance. Destiny has already sentenced you.

This is what unites the diverse races and cultures in America. If the immigrant to America at first fails, he always


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1. What does this sentence mean?Your fate is

predetermined.2. What can you infer from this sentence?

In a stagnant society, once you fail, you won’t have any chance to try again. Your future has been predetermined and all you have to do is to accept it.


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stagnant: adj. unchanging; still and stale

Thousands of disputes between management and labor resulted from stagnant wages coupled with inflation.

SS

They tried to drain stagnant pools where mosquitoes breed.

SS


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She wanted to be an artist, but destiny decreed that she should become a doctor.

SS

We are masters of our own destiny.SS

destiny: n. fate


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CF: fate, destiny & fortune 这三个词都有“命运”之意。fate 表示由超自然力量或自然规律决定的状态或结果是不可避免的，不可改变的。例如：

He expected to be an actor, but fate had decided otherwise. SS

TT 他想成为一名演员，但命运为他作了另外的安排。I am resigned to my fate.SS

TT 我听天由命。destiny 表示一个人生活中发生的不可改变的每件事，包括将来发生的事情，尤指那些人们认为是由某人或某种力量决定的事情。例如：

Our destiny offers not the cup of despair, but the chalice of opportunity.

SS

TT 命运给予我们的不是失望之酒，而是机会之杯。


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It was his destiny to die in a foreign country.SS

TT 他注定要客死异乡。

fortune 表示对人的生活产生重要影响的机遇。例如：

She had the good fortune to be free from illness all her life.SS

TT 她运气好，一生中从未得病。He is a victim of ill fortune.SS

TT 他是厄运的牺牲品。

Put into each gap one of the following words in its proper form.

fate, destiny & fortune

1. We know we are in control of our own destiny______.2. I wonder whether the examiners have decided our yet?fate___

3. Through all his changing he never lost courage. fortunes_______,4. It was the great woman’s to lead her country.destiny______


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discourage: vt. take away the courage or confidence of

Michael was so discouraged by repeated failures that he decided to give up his project.

Many people were discouraged by the seemingly endless economic depression.

SS


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1. Talk about the Pictures

2. Discussion

3. News Broadcast

4. Synonyms and Antonyms

5. Useful Expressions

After Reading

6. Proverbs and Quotations


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Talk about the Pictures


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Click the picture to return!


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Discussion

The author maintains that the Euro-centered American nation is giving way to a new Pacific civilization -- a type of society unlike any that has gone before it. Do you agree? Why or why not?

Do you agree with the author’s opinion on the non-Western concept of time? Why or why not?

What characteristic of a culture do you think is most attractive for immigrants? Why?

1)

2)

3)


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News Broadcast

II ■

1. Listen to the news and fill in the blanks with what you hear.Difficult words and phrases:anchor, contractor, phony, suit, slip in, smuggle, tacit, staunch, prevalence, fake, unsanctioned, plea, acquit, clarify, legitimize Anchor: Illegal immigrant workers play a key role in the ______ U.S. home building business as they do in other industries. Casey Whyans now takes a look at how such laborers become part of the work force.

booming_______

Correspondent: This California home contractor, called “Jack”, employs between 100 and 500 workers at any given time. At least 60% are illegal immigrants. Everyone “Jack” hires


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News Broadcast

presents what looks like proper but most are phony. Without the illegal immigrants, “Jack” says, his

identification__________

business and that of most homebuilders would collapse.“Jack”, Building Contractor: There would be no construction. I don’t know where we would get the people or what would cost us to get the people to construct the houses. There’s no other workforce.Correspondent: The booming home construction business is becoming dependent on illegal immigrant labor. The workers are skilled, generally well-paid but willing to do work most legal residents aren’t. And like many other industries, it’s all done withthe knowledge and sometimes tacit approval of the federal and local governments, who take action against either illegal

alternative________

rarely_____


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News Broadcast

workers or their employers.

Unidentified Male: I don’t know that we have the to staunch the flow of illegal immigration. We have to make some difficult decisions here based on the priorities of our mission. And the priorities of our mission are to protect America.Correspondent: In Huntington Beach for example, documents

resources________

are checked at this city-owned day laborer job center. But because of the prevalence of fake ID’s and because employers face discrimination suits, if they ask wrong questions about legal status, illegal immigrants can easily slip in

___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________. 赌东道

And despite the city’s efforts to get day laborers off the street, dozens wait for work at an unsanctioned site just yards from


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News Broadcast

the police station. Even when law enforcement does crack down, consequences are few. After a 3-year undercover investigation Tyson Foods was charged with smuggling illegal immigrants to work in meat packing plants. Despite guilty pleas by two former managers, in March the company and three other executives were acquitted.Aubrey Harwell represented one of the former managers.Aubrey Harwell, Attorney: Basically the law requires employers not to hire illegal aliens.

I think our government owes it to corporate America to clarify its policy. Correspondent: Contractor “Jack” wants the government to

At the same time that very law requires _______________________________

employers not to discriminate on the bases of national origin__________________________________________________.


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News Broadcast

legitimize a critical labor force. Jack: It seems to me that there should be an easy and achievable

way for them to get some kind of a legal status to be here inMe, as a 100% straight up, and this situation

Correspondent: Casey Whyans, CNN, Los Angeles.

the country keeps me from running a business owner, like to run my business legitimate business.

_________________________________________________________________________________________________________


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Illegal immigrants are playing a key role in These skilled workers are well-paid and are willing to The home building business is becoming For example, over half of contractor Jack’s workers are illegal immigrants. He hopes that

The law requires employers not to hire illegal immigrant. Despite government’s effort to deal with the problem, because the prevalence of fake IDs and because that the law also requires employers not to discriminate on the bases of national origin. So attorney Aubrey Harwell thinks that

2. Fill in the blanks to complete the summary.the construction_____________

industry in America_______________ .do the job that the local residents aren’t ________________________________. more and more dependent______________________

on them_______.the government will__________________

legitimize the labor force_____________________.

consequences are few__________________

the government should clarify the___________________________policy_____.


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Synonyms and Antonyms

The author stresses in different ways that the Pacific civilization is completely NEW in history. Find in Text A synonyms or synonymous expressions for “new”.

L.22 for the first time since…

L.24 now is the first chance

L.25 unprecedented

L.32 There is no previous example of …

L.34 completely unknown in the history


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Synonyms and Antonyms

Find words or expressions in Text A which are antonyms for the following words:

flourish be in decline/be on the declinepassiveness aggressivenesssingle pluralemigrant immigrantconstructive destructivediscordant harmoniouschanging; flowing stagnantencourage discouragedeveloped underdevelopedsubordinate dominantseparate (v.) fuse/mergesurface (v.) submerge

1.2.3.4.5.6.7.8.9.

10.11.12.


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After-5.useful-1

Useful Expressions

1. a nation in decline

2. rise and fall

3. Great Powers

4. follow historical precedent

5. I have a sense that…

衰落的国家

兴衰

列强

重蹈历史覆辙

我有种感觉…

6. fuse/merge with 与…相融合


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7. unprecedented

8. cultural pluralism

9. general trend

10. high-technology parks

前所未有的

文化多元化

普遍趋势

高科技园

环太平洋文化

Useful Expressions

11. the Pacific Rim civilization


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12. a conception of time

13. a stagnant/paralyzed society

14. show up

15. a common aim

16. from the perspective of

时间观念

停滞不前的社会

露面

共同的目标

从…角度

Useful Expressions


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17. a harmonious cooperation

18. a living standard

19. a(n) main/essential characteristic

20. diverse races and cultures

融洽的合作

生活水准

主要特征

不同种族和文化

Useful Expressions


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After-6_1

Proverbs and Quotations

1. Give me liberty, or give me death.

不自由，毋宁死。

世界上只有人伟大，人身上只有思想伟大。

2. On earth there is nothing great but man; in man there is nothing great but mind.

宁为自由瘦，不作奴隶肥。

3. Lean liberty is better than fat slavery.


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After-6_2


4.

I have nothing to offer but blood, toil, tears and sweat. -- Winston Churchill, British

politician

如果你很有天赋 ,勤勉会使其更加完善；如果你能力一般，勤勉会补足其缺陷。

-- 美国女散文家 J. 雷诺兹

我所能奉献的没有其他，只有热血、辛劳、眼泪与汗水。 -- 英国政治家 W. 丘吉尔

If you have great talents, industry will improve them; if you have but moderate abilities, industry will supply their deficiency. -- Joshuas Reynolds, American female essayist

5.


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6. Progress is the activity of today and the assurance of tomorrow.

-- Ralph Waldo Emerson, American thinker

进步是今天的活动、明天的保证。 -- 美国思想家 R. W.爱默生

BR_main 1. Story of Juanita Brooks 2. Background Information Before Reading 3. Warm-up Exercises...

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