Brittany Moore 8/29/12. motion: movement What two things are important in describing motion:...
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Transcript of Brittany Moore 8/29/12. motion: movement What two things are important in describing motion:...
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Brittany Moore8/29/12
Understanding Motion
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motion: movement
What two things are important in describing motion:DistanceTime
Do you have to see something literally move to know its in motion?
What is motion?
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Distance: how far something has movedMeters (m), kilometers (km)
Displacement: distance and direction of an object’s change in position from the starting point
What are the differences between distance and displacement?
Distance vs. Displacement
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Speed: distance an object travels per unit of timeHow do we calculate speed?
Speed = distance/time
Ex: A car traveling at a constant speed covers a distance of 750 m in 25 s. What is the cars speed?
Speed
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A passenger elevator travels from the first floor to the 60th floor, a distance of 210 m, in 35 s. What is the elevators speed?
A motorcycle is moving at a constant speed of 40km/h. How long does it take the motorcycle to travel a distance of 10km?
More examples of speed
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Does your car always run at a constant speed?
What might a graph of your car’s speed look like on a typical day to school?
Can speed change over time?
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Average speed: total distance traveled divided by the total time of travelEx: A runner travels 100 m in 30 s. What is
their average speed?
Instantaneous speed: speed at a given point of timeEx: On my way to school I look down to see
that I am travelling 136.8 km!
Types of Speed
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What kind of graph would be best to show motion? Distance over an amount of time…
How does the steepness of a line effect the speed?Speed = slope
How are graphs used?
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Example
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Lets have a race…can you calculate your speed?Speed = distance / time = m / s
Work in groups to complete worksheet.
Yay for Outside!
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Velocity: speed of an object and the direction of its motion
The velocity of an object can change even if the speed of the object stays the sameEx: BMS—the race car has a constant speed
and is going around an oval track; even though the speed remains constant, the velocity changes because the direction of the car’s motion is changing constantly
Velocity
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Example
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Acceleration: the rate of change of velocityAcceleration occurs when an object changes its speed,
direction, or both.
Change in velocity = final velocity – initial velocityAcceleration = Vf – Vi Units in m/s
2
tEx: Speeding up and slowing down.
As a car speeds up: positive velocity, acceleration, and speed.
As a car brakes: positive velocity, negative acceleration (deceleration) and decreasing speed.
Acceleration
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Don’t athletes have to make quick changes in acceleration?
Can you think of any equipment used by athletes to help with this?
Connections…
Yes! Examples include:
-starting blocks for runners-cleats on shoes-rubber soled shoes -special clothing
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Force: push or pull on an object; changes in the movementEx: hitting a tennis ball, gravity on your body,
pool, etc.
Force = mass x acceleration
What is force?
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Net force: when two or more forces act on an object at the same timeBalanced: equal forces acting in opposite
directionUnbalanced: unequal forces acting in opposite
direction
Net Force
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Newton’s Laws of Motion