tup. 28. teAt>Aji 1. d ia c6AT)A0iri, m i tiA n o o lA s 2, 1914. teAt-ji)i$irm .No. 28. Vol. 1. Wednesday, December 2, 1914. One H alfpenny.

BRITISH MILITARY RULE.♦V

The Hew “ Defence of the Realm Act.”Orders in Council made under the Defence

of the Realm (Consolidation) Act, provide that the competent British naval or lahtary authority may order that all premises lice a d for the sale of intoxicating liquor in any area shall be closed for certain hours, “ either generally or as respects the members of any of his Majesty’s F orces” ; that lights shall be extinguished or obscured, and that persons within specified areas shall remain within doors. Persons controlling any harbour, dock, waterworks, gasworks, and electric power stations may be required to prepare a scheme for destroying or rendering useless the structures. There are various other regu­lations governing the acquisition of land and buildings by the military authorities and pro­hibiting the possession of wireless telegraphy apparatus and carrier pigeons without licence. Among the “ miscellaneous offences” are at­tempts to elicit information for the enemy by giving or selling intoxicants to seamen or soldiers, or attempts to cause “ mutiny, sedi­tion, or disaffection among any of his Majesty’s Forces or among the civil popula­tion.” Rights of search are also given. For example, where there is any suspicion that a house or a vessel is being used “ in any way prejudicial to the public safety,” the authori­ties have power to enter and carry out an in­spection, if necessary by force. Any person who is duly authorised may arrest without warrant anyone “ wdiose behaviour is of such a nature as to give reasonable grounds for suspecting” that he is acting or is about to act “ in a manner prejudicial to the public safety.’ ’

It is decreed that “ No person shall by word of mouth or in writing or in any newspaper, periodical, book, circular, or other printed publication, spread false reports or make false statements -or reports or statements likely to cause disaffection to his Majesty or to inter­fere with the success of his Majesty’s forces by land or sea or to prejudice his Majesty’s relations with foreign Powers, or spread re­ports or make statements likely to prejudice the recruiting, training, discipline, or admin­istration of any of his Majesty’s forces.”

It is decreed that a person charged with an offence against these regulations may be tried either by Court-martial or before a Court of Summary Jurisdiction. A person found guilty of an offence against certain of these regulations by a Court-martial shall be liable to penal servitude for life “ or any less punish­ment, or, if the Court finds that the offence was committed with the intention of assisting the enemy, to suffer death or any less punish­ment,”

6 PER C E N T . OF B E R L I N W O U N D E D B A C K A T W A R .

A message from Berlin to Rotterdam states at of the 6,000 wounded men discharged )m the city’ s hospitals since the middle of ptember, 8 per cent, are of no further user field service.Thirty-six per cent, are fit to return to the >nt and 56 per cent, are to form the nucleus r reserve battalions.

SALVE FOR THE WOUNDED.

Swiss Invention.A preparation which, it is said, will stop

almost instantly the flow of blood from a wound has been invented by Professor Theodor Kocher, of Berne, who was awarded the Nobel prize for surgery in 1912, and his assistant, Dr. A. Fonce.

The preparation is called coagulen. It is a powder, and is dissolved in water before being applied. The discoverers have made a gift of their invention to the armies in the field, and have sent large quantities to both the Germans and French.

The discovery is regarded by the medical men in Switzerland as likely to save thousands of soldiers. It can be applied by untrained hands, so that the wounded man himself or a comrade might use it.

ENGLISH FOOTBALLERS AND THE WAR.

A meeting of the English football represen­tatives in London has replied to the objections of “ the Golfers’ and Bookies’ Press,” as one English footballer terms the newspapers that call out for the suppression of football during the war, that footballers wfill discontinue the game and close the football grounds simul­taneously with the closing of racecourses, golf-links, theatres, music halls, picture palaces, and similar entertainments.

G E R M A N Y ’S F L E E T I N C R E A S E D .A correspondent of the Associated Press has

been permitted to pay a privileged visit to Kiel. He says Germany is rapidly enlarging her fleet of the largest sea-going type of submarines.

She claims to have more submarines of this type than Great Britain.

Her fleet of torpedo boat destroyers has also been greatly augmented since the war began, while several capital ships have been added to the navy. x

Except for safeguards against attacks, the position on the Canal is normal.

♦>J U D G E DODD ON W H E R E B E L F A S T

H O U S E B R E A K E R S H A V E GONE.According to the Dublin “ Evening Herald”

Mr. Justice Dodd, opening the Ulster Winter Assizes at Belfast yesterday, said he was happy to inform the Grand Jury that there was a decrease in crime throughout the entire Province, and that the returns did not indicate any deep-seated inclination to crime. House­breaking • in Belfast had decreased, perhaps owing to the extra vigilance of the police, who had driven the raiders out into the country, and who, having failed to take Paris, had de­voted themselves to Calais.

RUSSIA C L A I M S 50,000 PRISONERS.The Russians officially' claim that during the

first half of November they captured 600 officers and 50,000 Austro-Hungarian soldiers.

THE KHEDIVE AND EGYPT.

A Paris cable to the “ New York Am erican” says:— “ The news, received by wireless from German sources, that the Khedive of Egypt has revolted against British control and plans to return to Egypt with a Turkish army, is confirmed by the ‘ Temps,’ wdiose correspondent at Rhodes cables to-ni<rht:—

It is common knowdedge that, following England’s refusal to allow7 him to return to Egypt, the Khedive became enamoured of the prospect of re-entering Cairo wdth a victorious Ottoman army, which the Germans and the young Turks held forth to him. He has organised caravans, with horses, tents and provisions for a campaign.

“ ‘ The Turkish army concentrated in the vicinity of Damascus is estimated at 200,000 men, but I believe only 70,000 of them possess fighting value. The Germans, therefore, induced the Khedive to march wdth them, with the object of stirring the Arab popula­tion to join the army.’ ”

❖A P E C U L I A R V O L U N T E E R .

At Dundrum (Co. Dublin) Petty Sessions 011 Monday, a Redmondite Volunteer, named Dominick Jackson, of W indy Arbour, was pro­secuted for drunkenness and disorderly con­duct. Constable Clancy stated that defendant w as drunk and disorderly on a recent Sunday evening, conducting himself very badly out­side the Carnegie Library, where a concert was being given.

Defendant said he had been route marching with the National Volunteers and stopped at Sandyford for a drink. Coming home he got another, and it was when going to the tea­room from the concert hall of the library that he was refused admission to get refreshments by “ a Sinn Fein Volunteer, who insulted him” (laughter).

The Head Constable— I had occasion to admonish this man earlier in the evening.

A fine of 5s. was imposed on Jackson, wdio said he had no employment and was unable to pay at present.

❖GEMS OF T H E L O U V R E “ B R I C K E D

U P ” FOR S A F E T Y .The big paintings at the Louvre, which it

has been inconvenient to remove, have been bricked up, according to the “ Cri de Paris.”

Walls have been built in front of them to afford protection from aeroplane bombs.

U L L M A N N S A F E IN G E R M A N Y .Members of the family of Joseph Ullmann,

Junr., of Tarrytown, says the “ New York American,” believe he is safe in Germany, and not in England under sentence to be shot, as reported yesterday. His sister says when she last heard from her brother lie was at Cologne. She says:—

“ This story apparently grew out of the fact that we applied at the Health Department for a copy of his birth certificate. This was a mere precaution— in case he might need the paper in coming home.”

2e i p e

IRELANDWednesday, December 2, 1914.

T)tA C&dt)AOin, m i nA TIo’oLas 2, 1914.

i t IRELAND f f

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IRELAND.W E D N E S D A Y , D E C E M B E R 2, 1914

R E C R U I T I N C - S E R C E A N T C. B. S H A W .

On Monday two of the Dublin pro-English organs published a letter from Mr. George Bernard Shaw, in which that amusing person undertook, it ‘ ‘ being t im e / ’ to speak plainly to the editors of the Irish papers. Mr. Shaw informs them that Ireland owes a debt of gratitude to France, and should therefore fight for France— the fact that incidentally they would be fighting for England, the war being 95 parts England’s war to 5 parts France’ s— does not count. What is the debt of gratitude Ireland owes to France Mr. Shaw does not specify. When it suited French policy— that is, when France was at war with England— France on three occasions attempted military expeditions to Ireland. When it suited French policy— France being at peace with England— France declined to keep an Irish legion in her service, and even con­sented, at the request of England, to expel Irish political refugees from her soil, although they had dwelt upon it for a score of years. Neither France, Germany, nor any other country has ever gone, or ever wBl go, to war wfith England to deliver Ireland, and Ireland owes no debt of gratitude to an} nation in the world which calls upon her to sacrifice her blood in its service. In the wars of Great Powers the chances of deliverance for small oppressed nations sometimes comes, and it is the policy of small and oppressed nations to use the occasion of such wars to secure that their own redemption may become a matter of self-interest to one or other of the combatants. Nobody believes that it was any love of Roumania or Bulgaria, or even Servia, that made Russia— the tyrant of Poland and Finland— a chief agent of the liberties of those countries. Russia’ s interest was in question. So, too, England’s interest was in question in the liberation of Greece, and France’ s interest was in question when she sent out the Bantry Bay expedition. We agree that, though the motive were self- interest, an oppressed country delivered from oppression by another Power ought to be animated thereafter by friendly feelings towards the Power that did her the service. France has done Ireland no such service; France did not pause, before becoming England’s ally, to request England to do Ireland justice; France, as a matter of fact, did not think or care a jackstraw about what might happen to Ireland. The people to fight for France are the French. The people to fight for England are the English. Mr. Shaw asks for commonsense. W e give him half a column of the best brand on the market.

T R I M OF T H E B E L G I A N S .

The Bev. Michael Woods, P .P ., at Mass on Sunday, announced a collection in aid of the Belgian refugees. He told his congrega­tion of the “ great connection” there was between the Belgians and Irish on account of the “ kindness” of the Belgians in the Penal days. He called the Kaiser “ the scourge of God— Attila the Second;” said that people should remember when they were in their comfortable beds it was the British soldiers they might thank for being there; if the Germans came to Ireland they would plunder the Churches and Convents, etc., and declared that this was “ a war against God Alm ighty.”

While Father Woods was delivering this harangue the children of some of his own poor parishioners were hungry within call of the Church door. He has announced no collection to buy food for these Irish Catholic children. Last week a poor man— a native of the town and a member of a respectable old family— died after a few hours’ illness. He left a wife and seven children. Father Woods has made

no appeal from the pulpit on their behalf.A concert in Trim recently netted £60 for

the Belgians, now there is to be a collection, and a big ball is being organised there for the same object. But the cry of Trim’s own hunger-stricken children is lost in the sounds of revelry organised to aid imported foreigners. While Trim workingmen out of employment look helplessly on their starving little ones— and the same applies to other towns— Governmental Departments in Dublin are communicating with Irish public bodies to secure employment for Belgians already being supported by the misdirected charity of Irish people.

“ Bread for the Belgians, a (tomb-) stone for the Irish,” would be a fitting motto for the new charity-mongers.

The “ New York American” complains of the raising of relief funds for Belgium in America while America has her own poor to look after. It writes:— “ Yet for the aid of the dispossessed people in France and Belgium we are sending of our surplus hundreds of thousands of dollars and planning to send more. But is it of our surplus? Can we rightly hold that we have any surplus to devote to the needs of alien peoples, however bitter and cruel their sufferings, while vithin our very gates the poor go hungry and little children sleep in the streets without a roof to shelter them.”

T H E H U N S .Lieu ten an t-Colonel E. Lloyd writes from

Bedford:— “ My son,- Captain E. R. Lloyd, was very severely wounded early in the war and fell" into the" hands of the Germans; his condition was so serious that it was deemed advisable to transport him to Germany with the bulk of the prisoners. I have now just received a letter from him saying that he is being as well treated as circumstances permit, and that his letter is being forwarded through the courtesy of the G.O.C. I have also received at the same time a most kindly post­card from the general himself describing the nature of my son’s wound, his physical con­dition, and the steps that are being taken to relieve him. As an instance of the chivalrous courtesy on the part of one of our enemies I think this is worthy of record.”

❖

T H E LONDON “ D A I L Y M A I L ” INC L A R E .

According to the “ Clare R ecord” the Belgian Belief Fund Concert Committee is thus composed:—Rev. Father Molloy (Chair­man), Mr. J. W . Scott (Lord Leconfield’ s Agent), Mr. W . Patterson, Mr. P. E. Kennelly, Mr. P. J. Linnane, Mr. M. J. Carmodv, Mrs. Knox, Mrs. J. W . Scott, Mrs. Fogarty, and Mrs. Paterson. Father Molloy seems to be in some unusual company. By the same journal we see that the Rev. Dr. O’Dea, Adm., is to be Chairman at the Town Hall,, and presumably Harmony Hall, the Presbyterian meeting-house, on the occasion of the exploitation of the latest London “ Daily M ail” advertising scheme, the “ Lantern Lecture on ‘ Fire and Sword in Belgium ’— How Germany makes W ar.” The London “ Daily Mail ” has been trying to run the lecture, with indifferent success in England, and no success at all in Ireland upto the present.

Since the London “ Daily M ail” is the journal which only a few months ago was publishing accounts of “ Catholic intolerance to Protestants in Ireland,” and justifying Orange resistance to “ priestly domination,” it is an example of weakness or servility, as one likes to regard it, to find a Catholic priest in Ireland willing to preside over the intro­duction of its latest advertising dodge, and to imply by his presence that what it said a few months ago about Catholic Ireland was justified, as he will imply that its present libels on Germany are true.

❖

T H E R U G B Y V O L U N T E E R S .The Irish Rugby Volunteers, who protest

their loyalty to England by volunteering for service “ not abroad,” have been refused the right to wear a distinctive military uniform, or any garb which wrould, in the event of an invasion of Ireland, necessitate their treat­ment as militant combatants.

The utmost concession Lord Kitchener will allowr the “ Irish Rugby Corps ” is a brassard, to be worn on civilian dress. This may be used for recruiting purposes, but its wearers can have no “ immunity from the ferocity of

E N G L A N D A N D E G Y P T .Mr. Wilfred Scawen Blunt, the one

Englishman of his generation upon whom Irish Nationalists can look wfith friendly eyes, has written as follows of England’s butcheries and conquest in E gypt:—

I have a thing to say. But how to say it?I have a cause to plead. But to what ears?

How shall I move a world by lamentation,A world vfiiich heeded not a Nation’s tears?

!Poor sheep ! they scattered you. Poor slaves . they bowed you.

You prayed for your dear lives with your mute hands.

They answered you with laughter and with shouting,

And slew' you in your thousands on sands.

the

Oh insolence of strength ? Oh boast of wisdom !

Oh poverty in all things truly w ise! Thinkest thou, England, God can be out­

wittedFor ever thus by him who sells and buys ?

Thou hast joined house to house for thy perdition.

Thou hast done evil in the name of right.Thou hast made bitter sweet and the sweet

bitter,And called light darkness and the darkness

light.

Thou has deserved men’s hatred. They shall hate thee.

Thou hast deserved men’s fear. Their fear shall kill.

Thou hast thy foot upon the weak. Theweakest

With his bruised head shall strike thee on the heel.

» -

Therefore I do not grieve. Oh hear me, E g y p t!

Even in death thou art not wholly dead. And hear me, England ! Nay. Thou needs

must hear me.I had a thing to say. And it is said.

F O R E S I G H T .(The following* interesting document was

found by the sender lying in the mud outside the doors of a certain printing establishment in Abbey Street. Judging from the address on top, it wras written, evidently, for the ‘ tf Castle Journal. ” )

List of Provisional Posters for Week

commencing Nov. 30th.

Monday.— Germans falling back all along the line. Reported capture of whole Turkish army corps in Eg}rpt.

Tuesday.— British repulse German advance. German fleet refuses fight. Suez captured by the Turks.

Wednesday.— Pincers closing. The Turkey trot. Turks flying before Russian advance.

t ; o

De W et captured. Rebellion in South Africa fizzles out.

Thursday.— Kitchener says English troops are the bravest. German fleet takes advantage of fog to bombard English coast. Turks marching on Cairo. Germans gain ground with the loss of 100,000 men.

Friday.— Germans on the run. British cruiser captures German liner (viz., cattle-boat). Turks driven out of Egypt. Serious trouble in South Africa.

Saturday.— Fighting still continues in Flanders. Battle raging in Egypt. (South African rebels defeated. De W et escapes. Kitchener says British troops are invincible.

“ R . ”

THOMAS DAVIST H E T H I N K E R A N D T E A C H E R .

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Wednesday, December 2, 1914.V/ /

e i f i eIRELAND 8

THE WAR DAY BY DAY.

The “ Times” and the Russians.

In view of all the jubilation in Petrograd the military correspondent of the London “ Times ” administers a rebuke to the Rus­sians. They have never had to face more than a million German troops on their front, .and of these million men most were reserves. All the first line German troops are, accord­ing to this correspondent, facing the French and the British in France. In other words, the Russians are told that their task has been ,a comparatively light one compared with that of the Allies in France. How this will be re­ceived in Russia is another matter. The Rus­sian is at present suffering from a species of swelled head due to his recent successes, and will not like being told that after all what he has accomplished is not very great consider­ing the poor troops he has had to face. By the way, the stories of the desperate bravery of the German troops in Poland, extorting respectful admiration even from the Russians, does not look like being the work of second line troops. The main significance of this paper battle is that it is likely to develop and end in open recriminations.

The German Preparations.

The preparations in Kiel and in Belgium made by the Germans do not look the work ofC- ____

beaten men. In Kiel, the great German naval dockyard, an American pressman describes how Germany is rapidly enlarging her fleet o f large sea-going submarines. Her fleet of. torpedo-boat destroyers has also been aug­mented, while several capital ships have been added to the Navy. In Belgium and in France the Germans are utilising the winter days building huge trenches that in strength resemble fortresses and plainiing cannon at various points. Something, in fact, like a line of fortresses has been built in the rere of their present positions. They form rank upon rank of defences, all containing heavy guns. It looks, therefore, as if the Allies, if they try to carry out their boast of driving the Germans back on the Rhine will find the task an exceedingly costly one in lives.

The Latest Story.

Discontent in the German Navy is the latest tale in the pm-English Press. The Ger­man sailors are dissatisfied, it is said, at having to do land service, and there is the usual report of officers having been killed and buried at Ostend. An English officer, writin home recently, said it made him mad to rea in the gutter press the daily stream of lies about the Germans. Having practically ex­hausted their wretched imaginations in in­venting lies about the German troops in the field the shameless Jingo Press (the Dublin daily organs are the worst offenders) are now turning to the German Navy. In the mean­time the London “ G lobe ’ * asks again for news of the British battleship “ Canopus.” Before alluding to the German Navy there is more than the mystery of the “ Canopus” to be cleared up in connection with the English Navy.

C. * ---------------------------------------

G E R M A N S RISK D E A T H T O R E T U R N .Captain Y. Lassen, pier superintendent for

the Scandinavian-America Line, states that German reservists in the U.S.A. are making every attempt to join their countrymen in Europe.

“ Every ship that has sailed from this pier since war was declared has produced several stowaways,” he said. “ AYe found one man who had crawled into the bilge, another was under the engines. It was fortunate we found him, for he would have been scalded to death. Another buried himself in coal up to bis neck. ’ ’

*

A S I N G U L A R MOVE.It is stated that the British AYar Office

have taken over the rifles and military stores which belong to the Ulster Unionist Council. It is understood that the rifles will be used to arm the new “ yeomen.” Two hundred men are to be selected from each Battalion of the U .V .F ., and will be paid and trained as special police by the AYar Office. Much indignation is felt by a majority of the rank and file of the U .Y .F. at what they consider the betrayal of their smuggled rifles into English hands. But a definite agreement exists between the Unionist Council and the Government for their return.

THE BATTLE IN POLAND.

The “ AYssiche Zeitung, ” discussing the battle proceeding in Poland, says :—

AYhile until a few days ago everybody calculated upon a rapid and great success, and there was good prospect of a complete defeat of the Russian Army, the situation has been altered by the intervention of fresh Russian troops. The decision which was supposed to be imminent lias, at any rate, been postponed. It would, however, be completely wrong to infer that the situation has become more unfavourable to Germany and Austria, and that the whole position has been reversed. We can maintain our hope that the Austro-German Allies will succeed through the original plan of operations, and finally,, if only after a long and hard fight, achieve complete success.

The Germans claim that in the battle raging in Poland they have up to the present captured from 75,000 to 80,000 unwounded prisoners.

*

IRISH VOLUNTEER CONFERENCE

Marked Progress of Movement.The presence in Dublin on Sunday of

numerous visitors from the country in con­nection with the All-Ireland Final, was availed of by the Central Executive, Irish Volunteers, to discuss the position of the movement in the various provincial centres with local representatives. The Conference, which was quite informal, was presided over by Eoin MacNeill, and although only a few days’ notice had been given, and the spare time of the visitors in Dublin was necessarily limited, over 100 representative Gaels and AYlunteers attended.

The interchange of views was very valuable, and from the suggestions offered, the Central Executive will he able to take immediate steps for the spread of the movement. All speakers mentioned the marked progress of the com­panies who adhered to the original constitu­tion. The County Board organisation is well in hands. Wexford has elected a County Commandant and four Group Commandants, and the arrangements for rapid mobilisation and communication have been well estab­lished and tested. Reports from centres where at present companies have not yet affiliated to the Central Executive were very encouraging, and a large accession of new companies was promised. Attention was drawn, notably in the case of Gorey and Galway City, to intimidation on the part of employers to prevent their employees joining the Irish AYlunteers. The Catholic clergy, a priest announced, amidst applause, were totally opposed to Mr. Redmond’s new departure. Various matters in connection with organisation work were gone into by the Chairman, and noted by the representatives present, who promised to have them taken*up in their several districts. Before concluding the Chairman gave an outline of the policy as decided on by the Central Executive.

Messrs. Buliner Hobson, Ua Rathgaille, Sean MacDairmuida, Sean MacGiobuin, Padraic 0 Riain, and Captain Mellowes, together with the Chairman, attended on behalf of the Central Executive.

T H E IRISH V O L U N T E E R S .

Headquarters’ Bulletin.

The Central Executive of the Irish AYlun­teers met at Headquarters, 41 Kildare Street, Dublin, on AVednesday evening, 25th inst., Professor Eoin MacNeill, President, in the chair.

A Sub-Committee of Military Organisation was appointed.

The following General Order was issued:—General Order.

With regard to a recent report as to a seizure of arms attributed to Volunteers in Dublin, the Central Executive of the Irish AYlunteers expresses its strong disapprobation of any such action, and draws attention to the previous Orders of the Provisional Com­mittee referring to alleged seizures of arms in the North and elsewhere.

Headquarters, 41 Kildare Street, Dublin,25th November, 1914.

GERMANY AND THE KAISBR.

Miss Fanny Brough, the well-known comedy actress, died on Monday night in London,aged 60.

The following article appears in an American paper, from the pen of Dr. Wheeler, President of the University of California:—

Ks

AYe who love the old German Fatherland recognise the unextinguishable debt which we as individuals, and with us the entire world of civilization, owe to it for the enrichment and liberation of our single lives and of the whole community life of man upon the globe. In the face of tidings of distress and death we join together at the call of the land’s Chief Magistrate to lift our hearts in prayer, unspoken or expressed, that swift honourable issue may be found out of that strife, which sweeping across the pleasant places of man’ s abode, stirs hatred in the hearts of those who should be brothers, and threatens, if pro­longed, to annihilate the accumulated stores of Christendom, both as to ideals and as to goods, and leave the European world a desert.

Each of us has his own experience and ties which make Germany for him what it is ; I must as an individual speak and fast and pray out of the store of my own experiences. These began with the new Germany just issuing forth out of the readjustments of 1870-1, and undertaken to give shelter and provide security and dignity to the lief o f those inherited German traditions and German speech; and to hold the map of central Europe in fixity and order by the erection of a German Empire guaranteed by unity of power.

] came to know it first as a Germany of ideas and intellectual aspirations, a spiritual Germany, the Germany which taught the world philosophy and music, philology and theology, law and government, the history of art, the natural sciences and their application to the industrial arts, and withal the use of the methods of science in every field of hum a n endeavour.

The Germany I knew first was the Germany of the universities. I sat on the benches of Leipzig, Jena, Heidelberg and Berlin and listened to the patient unfolding of ordered knowledge from the lips of Curtius, Zamcke, Lange and Brugmann at Leipzig; Osthoff, AVachsmuth, and the inimitable Kuno Fischer at Heidelberg; Delbriick, Haekel and Kluge at Jena; Scherer, Kirchoff and Freitschke and Schmidt at Berlin; but better, wandered over the hills of Jena and Heidelberg, up to the Forst and down the valley of Kunitz, up the Neckar, and over the Konigstuhl in company with one or another of these men, communing by the way over things of the spirit, and learning to know from Germany and her men what it means to stand on the frontiers of the known, to study at first hand, to think independently, and above all, having done this, to teach “ with authority” — not the authority of a stamped and well-engrossed diploma, but with the authority of indepen­dent knowledge— to “ teach with authority and not as the scribes.” This— which is the real Germany— I saw first, then later the Germany of government, law, order, which made the inner life possible. Every noon as I left the University of Berlin I saw the “ old Emperor” standing at his window in the Palace as the guard marched by. Now and again I saw the towering figure of Bismarck. At the autumn manoeuvres in Hanover I saw the forty or fifty thousand men pass in faultless review before a group of three on horseback, the old Emperor, the Crown Prince Frederick, and von Moltke.

Aery different men in outward guise were these trim soldiers from the bent and towsled professors who first interpreted to me Germany, but I came to find out that each group respected the other, and that both went to make up Germany as the whole. Without the professors it were a hollow thing; without soldier and Emperor, without order ajid defence, it were feeble and poor, crushed between the two jaws of the vice, Russia and France, the Slav and the Roman.

Now within the last four years by the chance of three visits I have renewed* after an interval of a quarter century, my acquain­tance with the land and its people. Forty years of peace guaranteed by soldier and government had given full rein to patient industry and scientific orderliness, and brought to high fruitage the alliance o f shop and laboratory.

For twenty-five years and more the present Emperor has actively sustained and adminis­tered the prosperous peace begotten of the union between science and competent power. He understands both and the mechanisms by which both exist.

A few days before the twenty-fifth anniver­sary of his accesvsion, early in June, 1913, I spent a memorable evening with him at

4e t p e

IRELANDTKa C6A*0A0tn, till riA tloDlAg, 2 1914.

Wednesday, December 2, 1914.

Potsdam. After supper in the garden for two hours we walked up and down in the dark on the roadway behind the palace. He talked about many things, but most about the experiences and fruits of the twenty-fiveyears, and some about problems and appre­hensions for the future. Of all the achieve­ments of his reign he valued highest themaintenance of peace. Next came thedevelopment of Germany's industries and the provision of a market for their products; then came the fine art, and particularly archi­tecture, as shown in the great number of new and splendid structures which had arisen ip recent years, not only public buildings, but private houses, mercantile buildings, and all connected with the creation of new and dis­tinctively German styles. Then he mentioned Germany’s leadership in world-wide scientific exploration, such as archaeological excava­tions, etc., and her influence spread abroad throughout the world in such idealistic fields as music and education. Germany, lie said, did not need colonies founded on the posses­sion of sovereignty; it was too late for that. What Germany needed was assurance of permanency for her trade relations so that her manufactured wares might find markets. This was to be made secure bv a navy. Force must be available for crimes, but the real empire which Germany was to assert in the world must inhere in the prestige, respect, and influence which were won for her in the eyes of the world by her achievements in art, education, music, medicine, and the like. Germany’ s well-being was peculiarly depen­dent on peace, because war would immediately close to her all her markets, widely distri- buted over the world. Under no conditions must she think of increasing her territory in Europe. She wanted no more “ sore frontiers.” She had three already. 'Nothing but trouble could come of such conditions. Germany must have loyal frontiers. It must be a homogeneous body standing firm in the middle of Europe persistent to keep the peace.

The war which all have dreaded for years has come. No man knows what will be the issue of it. At the best it is fraught with disaster and distress for Europe, and for that matter all the world. Whoever is responsible for bringing it about or letting it come about bears before the high court of humanity a heavy indictment. History will unerringly assign its verdict. Some day all men will know who it was and what it was. But who­ever it was and whatever it was, and however the bl ame may be apportioned among various men and organisations of men, this much can now be asserted beyond the shadow of a doubt: the war came about against the interests, against the desires, and against the efforts of the German Kaiser.

THE IRISH VOLUNTEERS.u

Notes from Headquarters.

Committee of Military Organisation.

An important step was taken at the last meeting of the Central Executive of the Irish Volunteers in the appointment of a Committee of Military Organisation. This body will

t / C )

take in hands immediately the organisation of the whole force on a definite military basis, the main outlines of which have already been approved by the Executive. The organisa­tion will proceed from the company up, rather than from the division down, and it will give a place as special section scouting even to units smaller thhn the company. The main idea of the scheme will be to make each com­pany and battalion as far as possible a self- contained unit, with a representative of every branch of the service in its composition, so that each company or battalion may be able, not only to take its place in the brigade, but to act independently in its own district. Pending the publication of the scheme, com­pany and battalion commanders should bring into existence, and carefully train, special cycling, scouting, signalling, transport, engineering, and ambulance units on the lines suggested in the repent notes sent out from Headquarters. The whole company, as already notified, is to he trained in scouting, and the cycle is to be availed of by as many of the men as possible.

General Staff.One of the duties of the new’ Committee w’ill

be to submit to the Executive a scheme for the organisation of a General Staff. W ith a General Staff at work at Headquarters, and a military organisation adapted to the

exigencies of Volunteer service perfecting itself in the country, we shall soon have entered on a new’ phase of Volunteer history. During the past eventful twelve months we have simply been clearing the ground for the definite constructive work that remains to be done.

Musketry Practice.The w’eekly musketry practice is now a

regular feature of the training of every company that is w’orth its salt. Service ammunition, being costly and scarce, should be husbanded as much as possible, but excellent practice can be secured with miniature rifles and .22 ammunition. Even an air-gun will afford practice in markman- ship. Several rural companies have fitted up capital little ranges in barns and disused mills, where the men foregather once or twfice weekly (in addition to the usual parades), and engage in firing practice. They are quite inexpensive. The total cost of an admirable miniature range recently fitted up by a Co. Dublin Company w’as only f l .

Keeping In Touch.It is very important that all companies

should keep in touch with their County Boards where such exist, and, in any case, with Head­quarters. The weekly Headquarters’ Bulletin and Headquarters' Notes should be studied by officers and by County Boards, and all local orders should he prompt in forw’arding their affiliation fees to Headquarters. The affiliation fees are practically the sole source of income on which Headquarters can depend on for running expenses, and all donations and collections are being faithfully devoted to the sole purpose of purchasing arms and ammunition.

Scouting Sections.Small isolated groups of Volunteers every­

where are urged to get into touch with Head­quarters immediately wTith a view’ to recognition as special Scouting Sections. Groups, however small, are entitled to recognition in this w’ay, and, among other possible activities, w’ill be assigned very important duties in connection with the Executive’s communication scheme. A group of half a dozen Cyclist Scouts in a district is the next best thing to a company of Volunteers.

E N N I S T Y M O N V O L U N T E E R S .,<s

To t h e E d i t o r o f “ E i r e . ”

Under above heading the following appears in the current issue of the “ Clare Champion ’ ' :—

“ At a specially convened meeting of the Committee of the above, which are disunited fcip1 some time, it was decided by nine votes to five to get affiliated under Mr. John Redmond’s Committee, the five voting for not getting affiliated.”

I ask Messrs. John O’Dea and Michael Clair, president and secretary of the Corps,- to give the names of the nine members present at this meeting w’ho voted for affiliation, as it is reported that only seven voted for doing so, and that these seven acted with a promptitude worthy of a better cause when they found that, though they w’ere only a small minority of the w’hole Committee, they were a majority in a meeting at w’hicli only a dozen were present. I also ask those members of the Committee who have no love for the recruiting posterity of Francis Higgins to assert their authority in the management of the Corps, and not permit their Volunteers to be meshed in the devil's net, and dragged aw’ay to fight and die for the hereditary enemies of their race.

29th November, 1914.A V o l u n t e e r .

♦v

CORRESPONDENCE.❖

E N G L A N D ’S A T T I T U D E T O W A R D S E U R O P E IN T H E W A R .To t h e E d i t o r o f “ E i r e . ”

In the midst of all the rubbish that is being preached and published about England being dragged into the present war to defend her honour, and as the champion of small nationalities, a little study of the English journals and magazines would help to enlighten the public mind as to her real intentions.

From the very beginning the intentions of England tow’ards all the rest of Europe as well as Germany have been very clear.

Since the commencement of hostilities every English journal has its article, by some retired

military expert or statesman, on the terrible punishment to be inflicted on Germany for the crime of attempting to place Europe under the heel of her military despotism, as we are asked to believe is the cause of the war.

It is also evident from the tone of these articles that England means to have the dividing of the spoils.

France and Russia will only get what England likes to give them, and what would be no use to herself.

France is to receive Alsace-Lorraine, with, perhaps, a little addition.

German Poland, also with a little addition, will be given to Russia as her share. Of course, Russia will he allowed to annex Turkey, wdth the valuable port of Constanti­nople, perhaps.

Certain other States will become self- governing, under the protection of Britain, the new champion of liberty and fair play. Britain will also take possession of \ he valuable island of Heligoland.

Then wTe are asked to swmll with pride at the imposing sight of the map of Africa, the most important of all, we are told, when it is practically all coloured red. What a valuable asset to the v’ealth of England will be a strip of territory the whole length of the African Continent, when the Cape Colony will be con­nected with Egypt by what will then be British East Africa. The Germans have no right in Africa, we are told; they don’t know how to govern a colony. Howr prosperous and happy Africa will become, they point out to us, under the English system of governing her Colonies. It is very funnv the Boers can’tv «/see it.

The most remarkable part of it all is that tliere is no mention of what Belgium, or Servia will get, while quite a large slice of Germany is offered to Denmark, no doubt they would like another allv.

All this published, when the war has prac­tically only started, will give any man of average intelligence a fair idea of England’s ambition and her lust for power. It also ex­plains w’hy she is keeping a stronger force at home than she had in time of peace.

England knew’ that a war with Germany was inevitable if she were to maintain any semblance of her supremacy. The growing strength and prosperity of Germany wras a menace to her tyrannical powrer. Six or seven years ago the German invasion scare was- started in order to breed a hatred of the Ger­man among the working class, having been resident in Liverpool for the last seven years, I know’ how’ deep that hatred wras. The in­vasion w’as expected by the ignorant classes, the territorial force was recruited, on the strength of it, hut England was afraid to face Germany alone so the present war was- brought about by crafty scheming.

Now England expects to see Germany crushed by France, Russia, and Belgium, with any others w’hom they can entice to help them, and in the process, shall so wreaken themselves* that she shall be the dominant partner, and be able to dictate the terms of peace a.nd a-dd more plunder to her store at the cost of the rest of Europe.

I f the young men of Ireland can be got to go to the fighting line so much the better, it wrill leave the Russians less excuse for accusing England of not doing her share of the fight-

v ing, and it w’ill weaken the most hated of all her enemies, the Irish Nationalists at home.— Yours truly,i/ *

P a t r i c k J. O’H a r e .

9 9

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