BRITISH BRITISH COLONIESCOLONIES

……in Africa…in Africa…

Romana Slámová – mcr-A1Romana Slámová – mcr-A1

DefinitionDefinition

= The domination one country over = The domination one country over another country normally by another country normally by military force, but can be accepted, military force, but can be accepted, requested, or given. The one requested, or given. The one country rules the other. country rules the other.

The Reasons of British The Reasons of British ColonisationColonisation

Missionaries and explorers brought back stories and tales of Missionaries and explorers brought back stories and tales of wonderful beasts, colourful peoples and incredible wonderful beasts, colourful peoples and incredible geographygeography

The British were some of the most anti-slavery Protestants The British were some of the most anti-slavery Protestants and felt morally obliged to stop the Swahili slave tradeand felt morally obliged to stop the Swahili slave trade

The The Suez CanalSuez Canal cut off six thousand miles of travel which cut off six thousand miles of travel which otherwise had to be made for a British ship to travel to otherwise had to be made for a British ship to travel to India. The canal made their colony, India, in the East much India. The canal made their colony, India, in the East much more accessible than it had ever been before at a cheaper more accessible than it had ever been before at a cheaper cost -> In 1875, the British had bought the canal away from cost -> In 1875, the British had bought the canal away from the French by taking the majority of the canal's sharesthe French by taking the majority of the canal's shares

An incredibly rich diamond field was discovered in 1870 in An incredibly rich diamond field was discovered in 1870 in present day Kimberley (The British annexed it in 1871)present day Kimberley (The British annexed it in 1871)

ProblemsProblems Fortunately for many Africans Fortunately for many Africans the the

climateclimate and naturally occuring and naturally occuring diseasesdiseases meant that most meant that most Europeans found it difficult to live in Europeans found it difficult to live in the equatorial areas of Africathe equatorial areas of Africa

MalariaMalaria was the chief barrier to was the chief barrier to early colonisationearly colonisation

British ColoniesBritish Colonies

SOUTH AFRICASOUTH AFRICA

Thousands of British colonists settled in South Africa after Thousands of British colonists settled in South Africa after 18201820

1822 - English became the official language1822 - English became the official language

South Africa developed into one of the most interesting South Africa developed into one of the most interesting racial case studies. racial case studies.

Due to the large non-British element of the White Due to the large non-British element of the White population, its relations with Britain were always stormypopulation, its relations with Britain were always stormy

The Anglo-Boer The Anglo-Boer WarsWars

1877 - the British annexed the 1877 - the British annexed the Transvaal Transvaal - the home to - the home to many Boers and they weren't pleased to have their homes many Boers and they weren't pleased to have their homes stolen from them. stolen from them.

1881 - The 1881 - The BoersBoers revolted and defeated the British. The revolted and defeated the British. The Boers were back in power until greed once again influenced Boers were back in power until greed once again influenced the British. This time it was gold in the Transvaal instead of the British. This time it was gold in the Transvaal instead of diamonds further South. The Boers desperately sought to diamonds further South. The Boers desperately sought to keep themselves in power and did so by oppressing the keep themselves in power and did so by oppressing the British fortune seekers. British fortune seekers.

In 1895, Cecil Rhodes plotted to overthrow the Transvaal In 1895, Cecil Rhodes plotted to overthrow the Transvaal government and failed. Relations between the two government and failed. Relations between the two countries became less and less friendly until the eventual countries became less and less friendly until the eventual outbreak of the second Anglo-Boer war in 1899outbreak of the second Anglo-Boer war in 1899..

EGYPTEGYPT

Egypt still provided the quickest way of maintaining Egypt still provided the quickest way of maintaining

communications between Britain and Indiacommunications between Britain and India 74 years long British occupation74 years long British occupation

1882- the British landed at Alexandria, took control over the 1882- the British landed at Alexandria, took control over the Suez Canaland Suez Canaland

1914 - Britain declared Egypt a protectorate 1914 - Britain declared Egypt a protectorate

Effective British control of Egypt continued until 1922 ->Effective British control of Egypt continued until 1922 -> Britain declared the termination of the British Protectorate Britain declared the termination of the British Protectorate

and declared Egypt an independent state.and declared Egypt an independent state.

GOLD COASTGOLD COAST the name of a British colony on the Gulf of Guinea the name of a British colony on the Gulf of Guinea

(present-day Ghana)(present-day Ghana) formed in 1821 the name „Gold Coast“ => due to the formed in 1821 the name „Gold Coast“ => due to the

large gold resources to be found in the area large gold resources to be found in the area it became the independent nation of Ghana in 1957it became the independent nation of Ghana in 1957

The The Anglo-Ashanti WarsAnglo-Ashanti Wars were a series of four wars were a series of four wars between the British and the Ashanti Confederacy (in 1826, between the British and the Ashanti Confederacy (in 1826, 1873, 1893-1894 and 1895-1896)1873, 1893-1894 and 1895-1896)

The AshantiThe Ashanti= a major ethnic group in present-day Ghana, = a major ethnic group in present-day Ghana, was one of the few African nations to offer substantial was one of the few African nations to offer substantial resistance to British imperial ambitions in Africa resistance to British imperial ambitions in Africa

NIGERIANIGERIA : - the British decided to take control of the : - the British decided to take control of the increasing trade in palm oil -> The coastal increasing trade in palm oil -> The coastal

enclave of Lagos became a British colony in enclave of Lagos became a British colony in 1861 1861

- The British dependencies of Northern and - The British dependencies of Northern and Southern Nigeria were merged into a single Southern Nigeria were merged into a single territory in 1914.territory in 1914.

ERITREAERITREA : - Founded in 1787 by British philantropists : - Founded in 1787 by British philantropists as an asylum for dismissed slaves as an asylum for dismissed slaves

- It became British colony in 1808- It became British colony in 1808

SUDANSUDAN

1882-1882- The British invade Sudan. The British invade Sudan.

It was known as the It was known as the Anglo-Egyptian SudanAnglo-Egyptian Sudan

between 1898 and 1955. between 1898 and 1955.

1955-1955- Revolt and start of the civil war. Revolt and start of the civil war.

1956-1956- Sudan gains independence. Sudan gains independence.

SOMALIASOMALIA

Britain was mainly concerned with keeping open Britain was mainly concerned with keeping open the route to India through the Suez Canal, which the route to India through the Suez Canal, which had been opened in 1869.had been opened in 1869.

At first it was Egypt who occupied some of the At first it was Egypt who occupied some of the towns on the Somali coast.towns on the Somali coast.

-> When the Egyptian troops left in 1882, Britain -> When the Egyptian troops left in 1882, Britain started to occupy the territory.started to occupy the territory.

In 1887, Britain proclaimed it a British In 1887, Britain proclaimed it a British protectorate, and named it protectorate, and named it British SomalilandBritish Somaliland

Other British Other British Colonies…Colonies…

Key Words:Key Words:

Greed – chamtivostGreed – chamtivost Outbreak – vypuknutí, vzpouraOutbreak – vypuknutí, vzpoura Opressing – utlačováníOpressing – utlačování Plot – spiknout sePlot – spiknout se Overthrow – svrhnoutOverthrow – svrhnout