Bringing Software Requirements to Life by David Walker (Micro Focus) - Sep 2009
-
Upload
iiba-rochester-ny -
Category
Business
-
view
1.280 -
download
1
description
Transcript of Bringing Software Requirements to Life by David Walker (Micro Focus) - Sep 2009
![Page 1: Bringing Software Requirements to Life by David Walker (Micro Focus) - Sep 2009](https://reader033.fdocuments.in/reader033/viewer/2022051611/54b58a054a7959a63d8b45dc/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
9/24/2009
1
Bringing Software Requirements to Life
David WalkerProduct Owner
[email protected]+1 401 267 8874
![Page 2: Bringing Software Requirements to Life by David Walker (Micro Focus) - Sep 2009](https://reader033.fdocuments.in/reader033/viewer/2022051611/54b58a054a7959a63d8b45dc/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
9/24/2009
2
bringing software requirements to life
means animating requirements to animate people
• gain a real understanding of the problem
• see why traditional approaches don‟t work
• become your inner educator
• break down the 4th wall
• tgim
![Page 3: Bringing Software Requirements to Life by David Walker (Micro Focus) - Sep 2009](https://reader033.fdocuments.in/reader033/viewer/2022051611/54b58a054a7959a63d8b45dc/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
9/24/2009
3
requirements problems are a subset of the systemic human
condition of poor communication
http://www.flickr.com/photos/nelsonlai/1258727102/
![Page 4: Bringing Software Requirements to Life by David Walker (Micro Focus) - Sep 2009](https://reader033.fdocuments.in/reader033/viewer/2022051611/54b58a054a7959a63d8b45dc/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
9/24/2009
4
http://fc07.deviantart.com/fs45/f/2009/112/c/7/Yggrasil__the_world_tree_by_AlphonseCapone.jpg
http://static.panoramio.com/photos/original/3272326.jpg
![Page 5: Bringing Software Requirements to Life by David Walker (Micro Focus) - Sep 2009](https://reader033.fdocuments.in/reader033/viewer/2022051611/54b58a054a7959a63d8b45dc/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
9/24/2009
5
http://www.greatlakesdigitalsalon.org/entries/CO/534-CO-1.jpg
![Page 6: Bringing Software Requirements to Life by David Walker (Micro Focus) - Sep 2009](https://reader033.fdocuments.in/reader033/viewer/2022051611/54b58a054a7959a63d8b45dc/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
9/24/2009
6
Babelcorp Inc.
Public Domain
![Page 7: Bringing Software Requirements to Life by David Walker (Micro Focus) - Sep 2009](https://reader033.fdocuments.in/reader033/viewer/2022051611/54b58a054a7959a63d8b45dc/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
9/24/2009
7
“[project success rates] are a low point in the last five study periods. This year‟s results
represent the highest failure rate in over a decade”
-Standish Group (5/09)
rework
![Page 8: Bringing Software Requirements to Life by David Walker (Micro Focus) - Sep 2009](https://reader033.fdocuments.in/reader033/viewer/2022051611/54b58a054a7959a63d8b45dc/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
9/24/2009
8
ConfidentialCopyright © 2007 Borland Software Corporation. 15
The Source of Software Defects
Requirements
41%
Others
7%
Data
6%
Interface
6%
Logic Design
28%
Environment
5%
Human
5%
Documentation
2%
Source: U.S. Air Force Project, F. Sheldon, 1992
“Reliability Measurement from Theory to Practice”
ConfidentialCopyright © 2007 Borland Software Corporation. 16
Source: Dean Leffingwell, James Martin
Rework typically accounts for
40% of total project cost
Original Project Cost
60%
Rework Cost40%
Cost of Rework
Why Manage Requirements?
Code1%
Other4% Design
13%Requirements82%
Rework Efforts
Requirements efforts account for
over 80% of rework effort
Size of Team Cost of Team Spending on Rework Potential RM Impact
100 $10,000,000 $4,000,000 $3,200,000
![Page 9: Bringing Software Requirements to Life by David Walker (Micro Focus) - Sep 2009](https://reader033.fdocuments.in/reader033/viewer/2022051611/54b58a054a7959a63d8b45dc/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
9/24/2009
9
ConfidentialCopyright © 2007 Borland Software Corporation. 17
Relative Cost of Fixing a Defect
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
Requirements Design Code Development
Testing
Acceptance
Testing
Operation
Rel
ativ
e C
ost
to
Co
rrec
t a
Def
ect
Source: Barry W. Boehm, Software Engineering Economics
http://www.flickr.com/photos/mzahra1/sets/72157606850556504/show/
![Page 10: Bringing Software Requirements to Life by David Walker (Micro Focus) - Sep 2009](https://reader033.fdocuments.in/reader033/viewer/2022051611/54b58a054a7959a63d8b45dc/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
9/24/2009
10
McKinsey & Co says…
“If a company is later to market with a new product by only six months, 33 percent of the gross
profit potential is lost”
![Page 11: Bringing Software Requirements to Life by David Walker (Micro Focus) - Sep 2009](https://reader033.fdocuments.in/reader033/viewer/2022051611/54b58a054a7959a63d8b45dc/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
9/24/2009
11
“Improving time to market by one month improves profits by 12
percent”
Standish says…
![Page 12: Bringing Software Requirements to Life by David Walker (Micro Focus) - Sep 2009](https://reader033.fdocuments.in/reader033/viewer/2022051611/54b58a054a7959a63d8b45dc/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
9/24/2009
12
• “If a company is later to market with a new product by only six months, 33 percent of the gross profit potential is lost”
http://devcentral.f5.com/weblogs/images/devcentral_f5_com/weblogs/Joe/WindowsLiveWriter/PowerShellABCsQisforQueues_919A/queue_2.jpg
![Page 13: Bringing Software Requirements to Life by David Walker (Micro Focus) - Sep 2009](https://reader033.fdocuments.in/reader033/viewer/2022051611/54b58a054a7959a63d8b45dc/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
9/24/2009
13
http://www.getacoach.co.nz/images/Oct4/wealth1.jpg
![Page 14: Bringing Software Requirements to Life by David Walker (Micro Focus) - Sep 2009](https://reader033.fdocuments.in/reader033/viewer/2022051611/54b58a054a7959a63d8b45dc/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
9/24/2009
14
Blame Chain SME #1
Blame Chain SME #2 Blame Chain SME #6
Blame Chain SME #5
Blame Chain SME #3
Blame Chain SME #4
Blame Chain SME #7
Everyone knows requirements must be serious and difficult and you must remain seated at all
times. No fun allowed.
![Page 15: Bringing Software Requirements to Life by David Walker (Micro Focus) - Sep 2009](https://reader033.fdocuments.in/reader033/viewer/2022051611/54b58a054a7959a63d8b45dc/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
9/24/2009
15
this is not easy…
and…it seems to be getting harder…
![Page 16: Bringing Software Requirements to Life by David Walker (Micro Focus) - Sep 2009](https://reader033.fdocuments.in/reader033/viewer/2022051611/54b58a054a7959a63d8b45dc/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
9/24/2009
16
(but it doesn‟t have to be “no fun”)
bringing software requirements to life
must be fun
![Page 17: Bringing Software Requirements to Life by David Walker (Micro Focus) - Sep 2009](https://reader033.fdocuments.in/reader033/viewer/2022051611/54b58a054a7959a63d8b45dc/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
9/24/2009
17
http://ciocollaborative.org/wp-content/uploads/Complexity650-300.jpg
![Page 18: Bringing Software Requirements to Life by David Walker (Micro Focus) - Sep 2009](https://reader033.fdocuments.in/reader033/viewer/2022051611/54b58a054a7959a63d8b45dc/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
9/24/2009
18
http://www.idiagram.com/CP/cpprocess.html
http://www.globizer.net/service/dat/maps/default/0/0.jpg
![Page 19: Bringing Software Requirements to Life by David Walker (Micro Focus) - Sep 2009](https://reader033.fdocuments.in/reader033/viewer/2022051611/54b58a054a7959a63d8b45dc/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
9/24/2009
19
technical complexity & software complexity
http://www.flickr.com/photos/nifmus/2385966735/sizes/o/
![Page 20: Bringing Software Requirements to Life by David Walker (Micro Focus) - Sep 2009](https://reader033.fdocuments.in/reader033/viewer/2022051611/54b58a054a7959a63d8b45dc/html5/thumbnails/20.jpg)
9/24/2009
20
http://www.flickr.com/photos/steevil/2755466776/sizes/o/
• Fatigue adj. (weariness, tiredness): temporary loss of strength and energy resulting from hard physical or mental work
• How many interesting excuses have you heard? Are they even making excuses any more?
• Maybe we‟ll do better if we DON‟T participate…could it be worse?
http://www.flickr.com/photos/1suisse/3476366880/sizes/l/
![Page 21: Bringing Software Requirements to Life by David Walker (Micro Focus) - Sep 2009](https://reader033.fdocuments.in/reader033/viewer/2022051611/54b58a054a7959a63d8b45dc/html5/thumbnails/21.jpg)
9/24/2009
21
bringing software requirements to life
must be engaging
• Fatigue adj. (weariness, tiredness): temporary loss of strength and energy resulting from hard physical or mental work
• How many interesting excuses have you heard? Are they even making excuses any more?
• Maybe we‟ll do better if we DON‟T participate…could it be worse?
• What prevents active engagement? Reflex and Momentum
http://www.flickr.com/photos/1suisse/3476366880/sizes/l/
![Page 22: Bringing Software Requirements to Life by David Walker (Micro Focus) - Sep 2009](https://reader033.fdocuments.in/reader033/viewer/2022051611/54b58a054a7959a63d8b45dc/html5/thumbnails/22.jpg)
9/24/2009
22
Reflex: It hurts when I do this…
http://www.freewebs.com/nervous-system/doityourself.htm
http://www.tkk.fi/Yksikot/Laiva/Kuvat/jahrevik.jpg
![Page 23: Bringing Software Requirements to Life by David Walker (Micro Focus) - Sep 2009](https://reader033.fdocuments.in/reader033/viewer/2022051611/54b58a054a7959a63d8b45dc/html5/thumbnails/23.jpg)
9/24/2009
23
45
Public Domain
![Page 24: Bringing Software Requirements to Life by David Walker (Micro Focus) - Sep 2009](https://reader033.fdocuments.in/reader033/viewer/2022051611/54b58a054a7959a63d8b45dc/html5/thumbnails/24.jpg)
9/24/2009
24
http://messingaboutinboats.typepad.com/sailing/images/2008/01/07/ugly_fish.jpg
What would you fix?
![Page 25: Bringing Software Requirements to Life by David Walker (Micro Focus) - Sep 2009](https://reader033.fdocuments.in/reader033/viewer/2022051611/54b58a054a7959a63d8b45dc/html5/thumbnails/25.jpg)
9/24/2009
25
http://farm3.static.flickr.com/2139/2276620170_f1f717a84f.jpg
http://www.immi.gov.au/living-in-australia/help-with-english/NIS/interpreter_symbol_text.jpg
![Page 26: Bringing Software Requirements to Life by David Walker (Micro Focus) - Sep 2009](https://reader033.fdocuments.in/reader033/viewer/2022051611/54b58a054a7959a63d8b45dc/html5/thumbnails/26.jpg)
9/24/2009
26
![Page 27: Bringing Software Requirements to Life by David Walker (Micro Focus) - Sep 2009](https://reader033.fdocuments.in/reader033/viewer/2022051611/54b58a054a7959a63d8b45dc/html5/thumbnails/27.jpg)
9/24/2009
27
noise
ambiguity
un-reconciled viewpoints
assumptions
ikiwisi
bringing software requirements to life
drives clearer communication
![Page 28: Bringing Software Requirements to Life by David Walker (Micro Focus) - Sep 2009](https://reader033.fdocuments.in/reader033/viewer/2022051611/54b58a054a7959a63d8b45dc/html5/thumbnails/28.jpg)
9/24/2009
28
http://www.immi.gov.au/living-in-australia/help-with-english/NIS/interpreter_symbol_text.jpg
http://www.annikeris.com/images/teacher_board.jpg
![Page 29: Bringing Software Requirements to Life by David Walker (Micro Focus) - Sep 2009](https://reader033.fdocuments.in/reader033/viewer/2022051611/54b58a054a7959a63d8b45dc/html5/thumbnails/29.jpg)
9/24/2009
29
"Teach me my most difficult concepts in my preferred style.Let me explore easy concepts in a different style.
Just don't teach me all the time in your preferred styleand think I'm not capable of learning."
A comment from Virleen M. Carlson, Center for Learning and Teaching, Cornell University
http://www.bruceeisner.com/myers_briggs_types.gif
![Page 30: Bringing Software Requirements to Life by David Walker (Micro Focus) - Sep 2009](https://reader033.fdocuments.in/reader033/viewer/2022051611/54b58a054a7959a63d8b45dc/html5/thumbnails/30.jpg)
9/24/2009
30
vakt
Net Geners Learn Differently
– 10,000 hours playing video games
– 20,000 hours on e-mail –chat – blog
– 20,000 hours watching TV
– 10,000 hours on cell phones, and
– under 5,000 hours reading
– fast paced, highly stimulating presentations
– increased interactivity with content & each other
– information that relates to the learner‟s world
– multiple options for obtaining knowledge.
Susan El-Shamy. Training for the new and emerging generations.
Quoted in http://scope.lidc.sfu.ca/mod/forum/discuss.php?d=521
By 21 years of age, They need:
![Page 31: Bringing Software Requirements to Life by David Walker (Micro Focus) - Sep 2009](https://reader033.fdocuments.in/reader033/viewer/2022051611/54b58a054a7959a63d8b45dc/html5/thumbnails/31.jpg)
9/24/2009
31
“Approximately 20 to 30 percent of the school-aged population remembers
what is heard; 40 percent recalls well visually the things that are seen or read; many must write or use their
fingers in some manipulative way to help them remember basic facts; other people cannot internalize
information or skills unless they use them in real-life activities…”
(Teaching Students to Read Through Their Individual Learning Styles, Marie Carbo, Rita Dunn, and Kenneth Dunn; Prentice-Hall, 1986, p.13.)
• lecture
5%
• reading
10%
• audio-visual
20%
• demonstration
30%
• discussion group
50%
• practice by doing
75%
• teaching others / immediate usage
90%
comprehension:average retention rate after 24 hours
http://www.saskschools.ca/curr_content/adapthandbook/learner/images/pyramid.gif
![Page 32: Bringing Software Requirements to Life by David Walker (Micro Focus) - Sep 2009](https://reader033.fdocuments.in/reader033/viewer/2022051611/54b58a054a7959a63d8b45dc/html5/thumbnails/32.jpg)
9/24/2009
32
Adult Learners
According to Malcolm Knowles, adult learners have other learning characteristics, including:
• a requirement to know how the knowledge is of direct benefit,
• a need to apply the knowledge through actual experience,
• ability to learn quickly when the training content is considered to be of use,
• a tendency to learn best when a problem-based approach is used,
• a need for independence, but not enough to cause discomfort (e.g., some trainees are uncomfortable with role playing).
bringing software requirements to life
must be interactive
![Page 33: Bringing Software Requirements to Life by David Walker (Micro Focus) - Sep 2009](https://reader033.fdocuments.in/reader033/viewer/2022051611/54b58a054a7959a63d8b45dc/html5/thumbnails/33.jpg)
9/24/2009
33
bringing software requirements to life
must present the illusion of realism
bringing software requirements to life
must be in tune with the way they learn
![Page 34: Bringing Software Requirements to Life by David Walker (Micro Focus) - Sep 2009](https://reader033.fdocuments.in/reader033/viewer/2022051611/54b58a054a7959a63d8b45dc/html5/thumbnails/34.jpg)
9/24/2009
34
You‟re learners too – how do YOU learn effectively ?
![Page 35: Bringing Software Requirements to Life by David Walker (Micro Focus) - Sep 2009](https://reader033.fdocuments.in/reader033/viewer/2022051611/54b58a054a7959a63d8b45dc/html5/thumbnails/35.jpg)
9/24/2009
35
If the only tool you have is a hammer, you tend to see every
problem as a nail.- Abraham Maslow
http://www.flickr.com/photos/deadeyebart/sets/72057594122748485/show/
![Page 36: Bringing Software Requirements to Life by David Walker (Micro Focus) - Sep 2009](https://reader033.fdocuments.in/reader033/viewer/2022051611/54b58a054a7959a63d8b45dc/html5/thumbnails/36.jpg)
9/24/2009
36
nullum gratuitum prandium
http://www.ethicurean.com/wp-content/uploads/2009/03/free-lunch.jpg
![Page 37: Bringing Software Requirements to Life by David Walker (Micro Focus) - Sep 2009](https://reader033.fdocuments.in/reader033/viewer/2022051611/54b58a054a7959a63d8b45dc/html5/thumbnails/37.jpg)
9/24/2009
37
Requirements Definition
![Page 38: Bringing Software Requirements to Life by David Walker (Micro Focus) - Sep 2009](https://reader033.fdocuments.in/reader033/viewer/2022051611/54b58a054a7959a63d8b45dc/html5/thumbnails/38.jpg)
9/24/2009
38
requirements <> definition
Requirements <> Definition
change the name - change the game
• be open to other alternatives
– interviewing
– JAD
– card sorting
– Ethnographic study
– survey
– prototyping / simulation
76
![Page 39: Bringing Software Requirements to Life by David Walker (Micro Focus) - Sep 2009](https://reader033.fdocuments.in/reader033/viewer/2022051611/54b58a054a7959a63d8b45dc/html5/thumbnails/39.jpg)
9/24/2009
39
jad
http://www.boxesandarrows.com/files/banda/card_sorting_a_definitive_guide/sampleSort.jpg
![Page 40: Bringing Software Requirements to Life by David Walker (Micro Focus) - Sep 2009](https://reader033.fdocuments.in/reader033/viewer/2022051611/54b58a054a7959a63d8b45dc/html5/thumbnails/40.jpg)
9/24/2009
40
http://www.sapdesignguild.org/resources/glossary_web/IMAGES/SV1.JPG
if you had to bet $1000 of your own money…
![Page 41: Bringing Software Requirements to Life by David Walker (Micro Focus) - Sep 2009](https://reader033.fdocuments.in/reader033/viewer/2022051611/54b58a054a7959a63d8b45dc/html5/thumbnails/41.jpg)
9/24/2009
41
http://mickmcquaid.com/paper-proto.jpg
![Page 42: Bringing Software Requirements to Life by David Walker (Micro Focus) - Sep 2009](https://reader033.fdocuments.in/reader033/viewer/2022051611/54b58a054a7959a63d8b45dc/html5/thumbnails/42.jpg)
9/24/2009
42
what is simulation?
![Page 43: Bringing Software Requirements to Life by David Walker (Micro Focus) - Sep 2009](https://reader033.fdocuments.in/reader033/viewer/2022051611/54b58a054a7959a63d8b45dc/html5/thumbnails/43.jpg)
9/24/2009
43
proven in other industries
secures executive attention
![Page 44: Bringing Software Requirements to Life by David Walker (Micro Focus) - Sep 2009](https://reader033.fdocuments.in/reader033/viewer/2022051611/54b58a054a7959a63d8b45dc/html5/thumbnails/44.jpg)
9/24/2009
44
prototypes ask questions before they answer them
![Page 45: Bringing Software Requirements to Life by David Walker (Micro Focus) - Sep 2009](https://reader033.fdocuments.in/reader033/viewer/2022051611/54b58a054a7959a63d8b45dc/html5/thumbnails/45.jpg)
9/24/2009
45
checklist
– don't take them too far
– need to be „real time‟ for collaboration
– need to get in front of as many eyes as possible
– needs to assist with management of feedback
– need to easily communicate downstream
– needs to integrate seamlessly into RDM
– needs to support non-software processes as well
– can't break the bank
89
http://www.flickr.com/photos/bart_/295339365/sizes/l/
![Page 46: Bringing Software Requirements to Life by David Walker (Micro Focus) - Sep 2009](https://reader033.fdocuments.in/reader033/viewer/2022051611/54b58a054a7959a63d8b45dc/html5/thumbnails/46.jpg)
9/24/2009
46
http://www.flickr.com/photos/defwheezer/18789500/sizes/o/
hello, world!
http://www.flickr.com/photos/slworking/3612764200/sizes/o/
![Page 47: Bringing Software Requirements to Life by David Walker (Micro Focus) - Sep 2009](https://reader033.fdocuments.in/reader033/viewer/2022051611/54b58a054a7959a63d8b45dc/html5/thumbnails/47.jpg)
9/24/2009
47
http://www.leadershipnow.com/leadingblog/images/process-explained.gif
Breaking the Fourth Wall
http://www.sanantonio.gov/convfac/images/highrezpics/lilastage.JPG
![Page 48: Bringing Software Requirements to Life by David Walker (Micro Focus) - Sep 2009](https://reader033.fdocuments.in/reader033/viewer/2022051611/54b58a054a7959a63d8b45dc/html5/thumbnails/48.jpg)
9/24/2009
48
What needs to change
• roundtrip the conversation
• get through - not just give out
• repair relationships
• be relevant – “own the problem”
• define the systems that people want to use
• Change is hard…
95
http://www.stevenmsmith.com/my-articles/article/the-satir-change-model.html
![Page 49: Bringing Software Requirements to Life by David Walker (Micro Focus) - Sep 2009](https://reader033.fdocuments.in/reader033/viewer/2022051611/54b58a054a7959a63d8b45dc/html5/thumbnails/49.jpg)
9/24/2009
49
Be a Trim Tab
With respects to Buckminster Fuller:
“Something hit me very hard once, thinking about what one little man could do. Think of the Queen Mary -- the whole ship goes by and then comes the rudder. And there's a tiny thing at the edge of the rudder called a trim tab.
It's a miniature rudder. Just moving the little trim tab builds a low pressure that pulls the rudder around. Takes almost no effort at all. So I said that the little individual can be a trim tab…”
“So I said, call me Trim Tab.”
http://cruiselinehistory.com/wp-content/uploads/2009/02/moittelcollectionmuseum001.jpg
![Page 50: Bringing Software Requirements to Life by David Walker (Micro Focus) - Sep 2009](https://reader033.fdocuments.in/reader033/viewer/2022051611/54b58a054a7959a63d8b45dc/html5/thumbnails/50.jpg)
9/24/2009
50
Visual Language
http://www.flickr.com/photos/visualthinkmap/2533934877/sizes/l/
![Page 51: Bringing Software Requirements to Life by David Walker (Micro Focus) - Sep 2009](https://reader033.fdocuments.in/reader033/viewer/2022051611/54b58a054a7959a63d8b45dc/html5/thumbnails/51.jpg)
9/24/2009
51
visual language
this poses an ethical question
can we ethically continue to create our content, in the same “old prose” way, creating 23 to 89% more difficulty for
readers, and hence, creating that much more suffering for them?
can we ethically not use visual language?
Robert E. Horn (paraphrased)
![Page 52: Bringing Software Requirements to Life by David Walker (Micro Focus) - Sep 2009](https://reader033.fdocuments.in/reader033/viewer/2022051611/54b58a054a7959a63d8b45dc/html5/thumbnails/52.jpg)
9/24/2009
52
can we ethically not use interactive approaches when defining
applications?
can we ethically not bring software requirements to life?
![Page 53: Bringing Software Requirements to Life by David Walker (Micro Focus) - Sep 2009](https://reader033.fdocuments.in/reader033/viewer/2022051611/54b58a054a7959a63d8b45dc/html5/thumbnails/53.jpg)
9/24/2009
53
Bringing Software Requirements to Life
David WalkerProduct Owner
[email protected]+1 401 267 8874