Bringing Digital Technology Back to Earth Presented by Ken Dozier USC ETTC.

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Transcript of Bringing Digital Technology Back to Earth Presented by Ken Dozier USC ETTC.

Page 1: Bringing Digital Technology Back to Earth Presented by Ken Dozier USC ETTC.
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Bringing Digital Technology Back to Earth

Presented by

Ken Dozier

USC ETTC

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Technology TransferNASA Mission: Transfer

technology developed in the space program to the private sector,Across all 50 StatesSpecial focus on SME

Technology in Space Industry should be a technological windfall to the U.S. economy

Windfall - unexpected gain, blessing, unsolicited advantage, serendipity, stroke of luck, pleasant surprise, godsend, boon, bonanza

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High Definition ImagingNASA has used high definition cameras to record launches and

mission in space for many yearsSpace Shuttle “Discovery”Footage was recorded using

1920 x 1080 HD VCThe data was compressed

using Microsoft’s Media Player 9

The projector is being driven by a PC not a HD video deck Shuttle/Earth footage

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1970’s : CAD/CAM (DoD /Aerospace)Development Costs – Millions $$$

1970’s : Digital Sensors in Space (NASA) Development Costs - Millions $$$

1970’s : Digital Image Processing (DoD / NASA)Development Costs - Millions $$$

Technology Transfer

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1980’s: CCD Sensor ChipsCompetitively Priced Professional Digital CamerasDigital Video Tape RecordersBroadcast Industry - Linear edit bay

- cost $2 million1980’s – Graphic CAD/CAM Workstations

cost $75,000Market Broadens Entertainment Begins to Experiment

Technology Transfer

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1990’s: High Definition Digital Video developed for Broadcast industry Factor of 5 increase in data size High Definition Linear edit bay cost $2 million(Controversy) Recorded on 35mm viewed side by side

Technology Transfer

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1990’s:

Standard Definition Non Linear Editing - cost $100,000 Computer Disks allow Random Access Flushing out of the Post Houses

Price Point Breakthrough !

Technology Transfer

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2003: HD camcorder developed for Consumers, - cost $4000

2003: PC based HD Non Linear Editing systems Free software bundled with PC or with camera

2003: PC HD edit offline, process images - cost $2000

2003: Million Dollar Space Sensors in the hands of Digital Cinema Artists

Technology Transfer

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Benefit of Digital Technology to Cinema Artists

It is about the story, not about the production or distribution costs

Niche Stories can compete with the 12 year old Friday night market.

Digital Media Incubator studios become possible.

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Formula for Success

Media Incubators provide facilities that will allow new artists initial commercial exposure (Roger Corman would be proud)

Provide access to Mentoring Use of latest Professional TechnologiesNetworked Incubators Creates New Digital

Distribution Network and Access to markets

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A New Paradigm - Economical Technologies

Digital Camera for AcquisitionImmediate feedback for everyoneImmediate editing, color correction, immediate post

Computer(s) StorageServer FarmsOn line conform, color correction, effects, format conversionMastering

Digital Projection Screening RoomNo tape or film

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“A” List – Incubator Gear (Cost $600,000+)

Camera: Thompson Viper Camera 1080p (1920 x 1080p)

Output: 4:4:4 10-bit log dpx format Capture: Directors FriendPost Production: Computer –

Thompson Spectra or Discreet Inferno

Image courtesy of Thompson Grass Valley

Image courtesy of Discreet

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Camera: Sony (1920 x1080p) 24fps 4:2:2

Capture: Computer - BoxxEditing: Computer – Boxx

Image courtesy of Sony Corporation

Image courtesy of Boxx Technologies

Broadcast - Commercials (Cost $200,000)

Price Point Breakthrough !

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Next Sundance: Distribution Quality (Cost $100,000)

Camera: Panasonic Variframe (1280 x 720p) 24fps 4:2:2

Capture: Apple ComputerEditing: Apple Computer

Image courtesy of Panasonic

Image courtesy of Apple Computers

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Camera: JVC Pro (1280 x 720) 30i fps 4:1:1

Capture: DV TapeEditing: Any PC Computer

Consumer Quality (Cost $6,000)

Image courtesy of JVC

Image courtesy of FujiImage courtesy of Dell Computers

Used for Star Wars: Episode II animatics

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Cinema Master Workflow

Source: “A Data-Centric Approach to Cinema Mastering” Thomas J. True, SGI

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eFilm Configuration

Source: “Digital Infrastructure Solution for Production” J. Farney, SGI

Imagica Film Scanners

Visual EffectsOptical HouseTitling House

CXFS SAN52 TB TP4900

Brocade Switches

Laser Film Output

ELab Real-timeColoring Timing and

Dust-bustingSGI Onyx 3400

MultiversionRendering

SGI Origin 300

DLP ProjectionScreening Theater

Edit RenderingSGI Origin 300

Backup ServerSGI Origin 300

ELab Real-timeFilm Stock Emulation

SGI Onyx 3400

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HDVTR

D-BetaNTSC

D-BetaPAL

OtherVTR

OtherVTR

DA-88 DA-88 DA-88 DAT DAT

I/O PC ArrayPC

ArrayPC

ArrayPC

ArrayPC

Serial Digital Interface External

Audio

PC Array

Digital Audio

Gigabit Network

RAID RAID RAID RAID RAID

Incubator Digital Post

Schematic Layout

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Incubation Opens the Door to Opportunity

Eliminates the cost of answer prints for “First Screenings”

Low cost technology lets SMEs get into the business

Access to Technology Transfer provides Windfall Opportunities for Local Economic Development

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Shot 1920 x 1080 Boom mounted Sony F900 camera

allowed close moves. One day of shooting (4 hours of

material) Cameraman used HD Monitor not

Eyepiece.Tiny Projector 1024 x 768

HD projector 1280 x 1024

Pasadena-clip-1

Pasadena-clip-2

HDTV Title“Pasadena”

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Adobe Premiere using proxy images

Down sampled to 480 x 240 images for editing on ordinary PC

Time Code was not used or needed

HDTV Title“Pasadena”

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Full 1920 x 1080 resolution HD conformed on a PC

Finished HD playback 1280 x 720.

Pasadena-clip

HDTV Title“Pasadena”

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NASA Technology

Millions $$ in Government funded R&DSpecial programs for SMEsAvailable for Licensing and

Commercial DevelopmentHelp in accessing information

is available through USC’s Engineering Technology Transfer Center

See the web page at http://www.usc.edu/go/TTC

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PROBLEM ADDRESSED Evaluation of visual quality of digital video (HDTV)

TECHNICAL APPROACH A computationally efficient metric based on human visual processing: (1) Comparison of one or more selected features (image frames, color channels, rows of blocks, columns of blocks, horizontal spatial frequencies, or vertical spatial frequencies) of processed digital sequences of the image under evaluation and a reference image: (2) Processing consisting of sampling, cropping, and color transformations, blocking, acceleration of spatial filtering by taking discrete cosine transforms, temporal filtering and normalization to visual thresholds

POTENTIAL APPLICATIONS Any digital display, e.g. HDTV

BENEFITS (1) Quantitative assessment of display quality that incorporates properties or human visual processing, (i.e., dynamic adaptation to changing brightness, luminance, and chromatic channels, spatial and temporal filtering, spatial frequency channels, dynamic contrast masking, and summation of probabilities); (2) Requires only modest computational resources to compute metrics in real time

DVQ Digital Video Quality

Sampling, Cropping andColor Transformations

BlockingDiscrete Cosine

TransformTransformation to

Local Contrast

TemporalFiltering

Transformation To Contrast Sensitivity Functions

ContrastMasking

PoolingConversion

To a Measure of Visual Quality

Reference Image SequenceTest Image Sequence

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PROBLEM ADDRESSED Facilitation of information retrieval from large databases

TECHNICAL APPROACH A method and software for advanced information retrieval, consisting of organizing and ranking data by contextual relationships

POTENTIAL APPLICATIONS Data mining (text, music, genetic code, etc.), knowledge management

BENEFITS (1) Increase in information retrieval rates and probability of successful retrieval

PERILOGCONTEXTUAL INFORMATION RETRIEVAL

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PROBLEM ADDRESSED Numerical measure of the perceptual intensity and difference of an image

POTENTIAL APPLICATIONS Photometric instruments, copiers, video codecs, displays, graphics software, Optical Character Recognition (OCR) systems

BENEFITS (1) Allows quantitative assessment of the goodness of a single image or comparison of two images

Spatial Standard Observer

Spatial Standard Algorithm

Difference?

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DCTune

PROBLEM ADDRESSED: Improvement of digital image compression

TECHNICAL APPROACH: Discrete cosine transform (DCT) compression of image; customized quantization matrix to image, using:(1) Luminance masking(2) Contrast masking (3) Error pooling(4) Entropy coding

POTENTIAL APPLICATIONS Internet multimedia, cable TV, HDTV, motion picture transmission & archival, still or motion picture editing, digital copiers & scanners, digital facsimile machines, digital still-and video-cameras

BENEFITS Minimum perceptual error for any bit rate, or minimum bit rate for a given perceptual error can be used as add-on SW module to existing imaging workstations

Images courtesy of NASA Ames Vision group

Original Optimized

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VISARVideo Image Stabilization and Registration

PROBLEM ADDRESSED: VISAR is a computer algorithm that corrects for zoom, tilt, and jitter

TECHNICAL APPROACH: By combining several video images together, noise can be averaged out among the frames and the video frames can be centered on the screen.

BENEFITS:(1) Stabilize, sharpen, and brighten image sequences and stills(2) Steadying and reducing the noise in the images, brings out a wealth of information, revealing new, previously obscured details

POTENTIAL APPLICATIONS: Surveillance, crime scene footage, sting operations, and dash-mounted video cameras, Security, video feed from aircraft, target identification and confirmation, training, and event reconstruction

Images courtesy of NASA Ames Vision group

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Step Into Liquid

Step clip

88 Minute Feature - Shot using: HD, 35mm, 16mm, Digital Video

Will be screened at Tommy Bahama Celestial Cinema on June 12th -- 8pm.

Trailer courtesy of Tim Harader, Microsoft Corp.

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Brought to you by

The NASA Far West Regional Technology Transfer Center

http://www.usc.edu/go/TTC

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In affiliation with:

http://www.wrjgroup.com

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Special Thanks to:

Jim Steele

Digital Cinema Solutions