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IntroductionSafety and the Environment

The Plannin Process!luid Cateories

!luid "ensity

Crystalli#ation Tem$eratureTem$erature and Pressure Effects

Estimatin %e&uired !luid Volume!luid Com$atibility

Temperature and Pressure Effects

'hen a brine is $ut into service( the downhole tem$erature $rofile will cause the brine to

e)$and( lowerin the averae density of the fluid column* Pressure has the o$$osite effect and

causes an increase in density* +d,ustments will need to be made to the fluid density tocom$ensate for the combination of bottomhole $ressure and bottomhole tem$erature*

!or fluids with densities less than a$$ro)imately .*/ lb0al( thermal e)$ansion will ty$ically bein the rane of /*.1 lb0al to /*23 lb0al $er //4! 5lb0al0//4!6 increase in tem$erature* !rom

.*/ lb0al to 7*/ lb0al( the e)$ansion ranes from /*22 lb0al to /*82 lb0al $er //4!increase* Ty$ically( the density correction is made for the averae tem$erature of the fluid

column* Pressure effects are much smaller and rane from /*/7 lb0al $er thousand $si to/*/.9 lb0al $er thousand $si* Table . shows some re$resentative values for thermal e)$ansion

5+6 and hydrostatic com$ression 5:6 based on data re$orted in literature 5:rides( .///6*

TABLE 2. "ensity Corrections for Tem$erature and Pressure

Fluid TypeSelectedDensities

Temperature

ExpansionA!

"ydrostatic

CompressionB!

l#$%al& l#$%al$&''(F& l#$%al$&''' psi&

;aCl 7*/ /*29 /*/37

;aCl 7*8 /*231 /*/33

;a:r .*/ /*221 /*/7/

CaCl. 7*8 /*.38 /*/33

CaCl. /*/ /*.37 /*/3<

CaCl. /*8 /*.

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The fluid density corrected for tem$erature and $ressure 5dc6 is calculated usin E&uation 8 within$ut values from E&uation 2 and E&uation 9 and values for + and : from Table .*

Temperature Correction

E)*AT+,- .

Pressure Correction

E)*AT+,- /.

The results of E&uation 2 and E&uation 9 are used in E&uation 8 to obtain the corrected density

5dc6*

Corrected Density

E)*AT+,- 0.

CaCl. 0=n-Ca:r.

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The actual corrected density 5dc6 of the fluid mi)ed and delivered to location will be slihtly

reater than determined( based solely on TV" and :HP in E&uation .*

CBF Temperature and Pressure Profile Soft1are TPPro!

+ TET%+ fluids s$ecialist is e&ui$$ed to ma>e a more accurate analysis of the tem$erature($ressure( and density $rofile for the entire fluid column* @sin TET%+As TP-ProB $roram( fluids

s$ecialists can analy#e the tem$erature and $ressure conditions alon the entire lenth of theflow $ath to ensure that an accurate and reliable $rediction of corrected density is made for your

$articular a$$lication*

TET%+As TP-Pro $roram calculates the thermal e)$ansion and $ressure com$ressibility behavior

of clear brine fluids in a wellbore* The $roram can be used to model onshore and offshore wells*Solid free brines are es$ecially susce$tible to thermal e)$ansion and $ressure com$ressibility(

which can sinificantly alter the effective density of the brine in a downhole a$$lication* :ecause

of this susce$tibility( a TP-Pro simulation is recommended for every solid free brine a$$lication todetermine the re&uired surface density of the brine for the necessary effective density*

TABLE . TP-Pro E)am$le of In$ut Variables

TABLE /. TP-Pro E)am$le of ut$ut Variables

TPPro +nput 3aria#les

Surface Tem$erature

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The results of a TP-Pro simulation are based on best available information and assumee&uilibrium and static well conditions*

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