Briefing on Water Apportionment Accord 1991 8th June, 2012
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Transcript of Briefing on Water Apportionment Accord 1991 8th June, 2012
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BRIEFING BRIEFING ONON
WATER APPORTIONMENT ACCORD 1991WATER APPORTIONMENT ACCORD 1991
88thth June, 2012 June, 2012
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INDUS BASIN IRRIGATION SYSTEMOVER VIEW
▀ Indus Basin Irrigation System is the largest contiguous gravity flow network in the World.
▀ River flows are highly fluctuating – 70% flows occur during 3 monsoon months.
▀ Current reservoir’s capacity is inadequate to balance the river flow fluctuations. Sedimentation has further reduced storage capacity by 26%.
▀ Pakistan has become a water-scarce country.
▀ System is designed for low Irrigation intensities – actual Irrigation intensities have now almost doubled.
▀ Ground water contributes 40 – 50% of Irrigation requirements
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MAP OF INDUS BASIN
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PUNJAB IRRIGATION SYSTEM: SALIENT FEATURES
Headworks / Barrages : 13
Main Canal Systems : 25
Length of Main Canals and Branches : 3993 Miles
Length of Distributaries and Minors : 19191 Miles
Total : 23184 Miles
Length of Inter River Link Canals : 528 Miles
Off-take capacity of Main Canals : 1.2 Lac Cs
Off-take Capacity of Link Canals : 1.1 Lac Cs
Total Outlets : 58000
G.C.A : 23.35 m.a
C.C.A : 20.78 m.aa. Perennial : 12.94 m.ab. Non-Perennial : 7.84 m.a
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Over all designed Annual Irrigation : 13.96 m.a
Overall Designed Annual Intensity : 67 %
Actual Irrigation : 25.2 m.a
Actual Intensity : 120-130 %
SCARP Tubewells : 1060
Private Tubewells : 800,000
Length of Flood Embankments : 1600 Miles
Length of Surface Drains : 4800 Miles
Small Dams : 46 + 13
PUNJAB IRRIGATION SYSTEM: SALIENT FEATURES
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► In post Treaty period Pakistan / Punjab canals have been grouped in following two Zones for the purpose of receiving river supply.
i) Jhelum – Chenab Zone or Mangla Command Canals.
ii) Indus Zone or Tarbela Command Canals.
PUNJAB IRRIGATION SYSTEM IMPACT OF INDUS WATERS TREATY
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PUNJAB IRRIGATION SYSTEM IMPACT OF INDUS WATERS TREATY
Mangla Command CanalsUpper Jhelum canal Upper & Lower Depalpur CanalLower Jhelum Canal Upper Pakpattan CanalUpper Chenab Canal Eastern Sadiqia CanalLower Chenab Canal Fordwah Canal Lower Bari Doab Canal Upper Bahawal Canal
Central Bari Doab Canal Qaim Canal
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PUNJAB IRRIGATION SYSTEM IMPACT OF INDUS WATERS TREATY
Punjab Tarbela Command CanalsThal Canal Mailsi CanalMuzaffargarh Canal Lower Bahawal CanalDera Ghazi Canal Panjnad CanalHaveli Canal Abbasia CanalSidhnai Canal Abbasi Link Canal
Rangpur Canal Greater Thal CanalLower Pakpattan Canal Chashma Right Bank Canal
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INDUS BASIN WATER REQUIREMENTS
ProvinceMain Canal
Systems
(No.)
Command Area
(M. Acres)
Average Uses
(MAF)
Water Accord Share
(MAF)
Punjab 25 21.0 54.49 55.94
Sindh 15 12.8 43.04 48.76
KPK 10 0.73 3.09 5.78
Balochistan 2 0.97 2.11 3.87
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► In post Treaty period Punjab canals receive water from the following
two sources
■ Mangla Command Canals receive the available flow supplies in
Chenab, Ravi and Sutlej Rivers supplemented by releases from
Mangla Reservoir. These Canals irrigate about 13 Million acres in
Northern & Central Punjab Districts
■ Tarbela Command Canals receive flow supplies of Kabul River
and releases from Tarbela Reservoir. These Canals irrigate about
8 Million Acres in Southern Punjab Districts
PUNJAB IRRIGATION SYSTEM
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PAKISTAN IRRIGATION NETWORKBELOW RIM STATIONS
Canals No. Command Area (M-Acres)
Mangla Command
Punjab 13 13.0
Tarbela Command
KPK 2 0.32
Punjab 12 8.0
Sindh 15 13.2
Balochistan 2 0.82
Total 44 35.4
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Controversy Regarding Sharing Of Indus Basin Rivers Supply Between Punjab And Sindh Arose In 1921. The Then Govt. Of India Appointed Various Commissions / Committees To Resolve This Issue. Anderson Committee Appointed In 1935 Determined Shares Of Each
Canal In Punjab And Sindh Which Remained Operative Till 1947. Sharing Arrangements In Vogue In 1947 Remained Operative Till 1970
Under Provisions Of Indus Waters Treaty Signed With India. Govt. Of Pakistan Appointed Akhtar Hussain Committee (1968) Fazal-e-akbar Committee (1970) And Haleem Commission (1983) But No Decision Could Be Finalized. Availabile River Supply Shared On Adhoc Basis From 1971 To 1991 Mainly According To Historic Uses. Water Apportionment Accord Agreed In 1991 And Is Operative Since
Then.
WATER APPORTIONMENT ACCORD HISTORICAL BACKGROUND
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Pre-1947 According to share of each Canal System determined by various Commissions and Committees
appointed by the then Govt. of India
1947 – 1970 As per Pre-1947 arrangements
1971 – 1990 On Adhoc basis as determined by Federal Ministry of Water and Power primarily based on Historic
Uses
1991 – to date As per provisions of Water Apportionment Accord of 1991
WATER SHARING ARRANGEMENTSHISTORICAL BACKGROUND
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APPORTIONMENT OF WATERS OF THE INDUS RIVER SYSTEM BETWEEN THE PROVINCES-ACCORD 1991
PROVINCES KHARIF RABI TOTALPUNJAB 37.07 18.87 55.94SINDH* 33.94 14.82 48.76N.W.F.P (a) 3.48 2.30 5.78CIVIL CANALS (b)** 1.80 1.20 3.00BALUCHISTAN 2.85 1.02 3.87TOTAL 77.34 37.01 114.35CIVIL CANALS (b)** 1.80 1.20 3.00
* Including Already Sanctioned Urban And Industrial Uses For * Including Already Sanctioned Urban And Industrial Uses For Metropolitan Karachi.Metropolitan Karachi.
**Un-gauged Civil Canals Above The Rim Stations.**Un-gauged Civil Canals Above The Rim Stations.
(MAF)
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PARA (3)
NWFP / Balochistan Projects which are under execution have been provided their authorized quota of water as existing uses.
PARA (4)
Balance River supplies (including flood supplies and future storages).
Punjab Sindh Balochistan NWFP Total37% 37% 12% 14% 100%
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SALIENT FEATURES OF ACCORD 1991SALIENT FEATURES OF ACCORD 1991
► Existing uses of Provinces remain untouched and protected.
► No restrictions on Balochistan to develop Water Resources of Indus Tributaries flowing through its area.
► Water sharing mechanism defined in Para 14(b).
► Provinces are free to utilize their share in any Canal System including Link Canals.
► Need for additional storages on the Indus and other Rivers admitted.
► Need for establishing Indus River System Authority recognized.
► IRSA to have representation from the four Provinces.
► Provinces free to undertake new Projects within their agreed shares.
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WATER APPORTIONMENT ACCORD ACTUAL AVERAGE SYSTEM USES 1977-82
KHARIF RABI TOTALPROVINCE (MAF) (MAF) (MAF)
PUNJAB 34.66 19.83 54.49SINDH 28.11 14.93 43.04KPK 1.80 1.28 *3.09BALUCHISTAN 1.29 0.82 2.11TOTAL 65.86 36.87 102.73
* Excluding about 3 MAF of Civil Canals in KPK* Excluding about 3 MAF of Civil Canals in KPK
(MAF)
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WATER APPORTIONMENT ACCORD
KHARIFKHARIF RABIRABI TOTALTOTAL
PROVINCEPROVINCE Accord Accord AllocationsAllocations
Avg Uses Avg Uses 77-8277-82
Accord Accord AllocationsAllocations
Avg Uses Avg Uses 77-8277-82
Accord Accord AllocationsAllocations
Avg Uses Avg Uses 77-8277-82
PUNJABPUNJAB37.0737.07(+7%)(+7%)
34.6634.6618.8718.87(-4%)(-4%)
19.8319.8355.9455.94(+3%)(+3%)
54.4954.49
SINDHSINDH33.9433.94
(+21%)(+21%)28.1128.11
14.8214.82(-1%)(-1%)
14.9314.9348.7648.76
(+13%)(+13%)43.0443.04
NWFP (a) NWFP (a) CIVIL CANAL(b)CIVIL CANAL(b)
3.483.48(+93%)(+93%)
1.801.802.302.30
(+78%)(+78%)1.291.29
5.785.78(+87%)(+87%)
3.093.09
1.801.80 N.A.N.A. 1.201.20 N.A.N.A. 3.003.00 N.A.N.A.
BLOCHISTANBLOCHISTAN2.852.85
(+121%)(+121%)1.291.29
1.021.02(+24%)(+24%)
0.820.823.873.87
(+83%)(+83%)2.112.11
TotalTotal 77.3477.34 65.8665.86 37.0137.01 36.8736.87 114.35114.35 102.73102.73
CIVIL CANAL(b)CIVIL CANAL(b) 1.801.80 N.A.N.A. 1.201.20 N.A.N.A. 3.03.0 N.A.N.A.
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SHARING MECHANISM
PARA 14(b) OF ACCORD
14(b) The record of actual Average System uses for the period 1977-
82 would form the guide line for developing a future regulation
pattern. These ten daily uses would be adjusted pro-rata to
correspond to indicated seasonal allocations of the different
canal systems and would form the basis for sharing
shortages and surpluses on all Pakistan basis.
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► IRSA was established under an Act of the Parliament in 1992 to implement the Water Accord.
► IRSA Comprises Five Members. One from each Province and one from Federal Government.
► First Chairman Member Balochistan followed by NWFP, Punjab, Sindh and Federal.
► Term of Office
Chairman One Year
Member Three Years
INDUS RIVER SYSTEM AUTHORITY
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► Decisions are taken by majority votes.
► In case of equality of votes, Chairman exercises casting vote.
► Aggrieved party to approach Council of Common Interest for re-dressal.
DECISION MAKING PROCESS IN IRSA
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► IRSA prepares the Forecast of Water Availability for Kharif and Rabi crops. ► Based on Water Availability Forecast IRSA determines Provincial
shares according to Water Accord Provisions.
► Punjab prepares Canal Operation / Distribution Programme based on its share in consultation with Punjab Agriculture Department.
► If Punjab share is short of requirements Rotational Programme of operation of channels is prepared and implemented by the field formations.
► Wide publicity is given to the Canal Operation Programme through Press and Electronic Media.
WATER DISTRIBUTION PROCEDURE
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► At village level Warabandi Programme of each Outlet is
prepared and operated in consultation with Khal punchayts.
► IRSA closely monitor water utilized by each Province to ensure
that it remains with in the Provincial share.
► Director Indus Waters Treaty & Regulation in the Irrigation
Department is to regulate and operate Punjab Canals according
to Punjab Share.
WATER DISTRIBUTION PROCEDURE
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▀ Sindh holds the view that available water should be distributed in
proportion to the Provincial shares allocated under Para (2) of
the Water Accord.
Punjab emphasizes that the mechanism for distribution of
available water is laid down in Para 14(b) of the Water Accord which
stipulates that the surpluses and shortages are to be shared on the
basis of 1977-82 Average System Uses.
Presently the average water availability is around 103 MAF
against 114.35 MAF allocated to Provinces under Para (2).
Shortfall in the existing and Para(2) allocations is about 11.0 MAF
which can be made good only by constructing new Mega Dams.
WATER DISTRIBUTION ISSUES
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Calculations indicate that if existing availability (103 MAF) is
distributed according to Accord Para (2) Punjab’s existing
uses during Kharif would reduce by 10% and Sindh’s existing
uses would be enhanced by 1.2%. This would negate the
assurances given in the Accord.
Keeping in view the Provincial views of Sindh and Punjab
IRSA adopted a three tier formula in Kharif 2003 with the approval
of the four Provinces. This formula is well with in the ambit of
Water Accord and is in operation since the last fifteen crop
seasons.
WATER DISTRIBUTION ISSUES
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WATER SHARING ARRANGEMENTS FOLLOWED BY IRSA AS PER WATER ACCORD.
If water availability is equal to or less than 1977-82 Average System Uses.
In ratio of Average System uses of 1977-82
If water availability is more than Average System Uses but less than Para (2) Allocations.
As per Average System uses of 1977-82 and additional availability according to Para (2) Allocations.
If water availability is equal to Para (2) Allocations.
As per Para (2) Allocations.
If water availability is more than Para (2) Allocations.
According to Para (2) Allocations Plus balance according to Para 4 (Flood Supplies)
(Three Tier Formula)
Pakhtoon Khaw and Balochistan are exempted from sharing shortages.
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CHALLENGES FOR PAKISTAN IN THE IMPENDING WATER SCRACITY REGIME
► Effect of climate changes on the river flows.
► Loss of Mangla and Tarbela reservoirs storage capacities due to
sedimentation.
► Increasing demand of water due to population growth, development
in the Agriculture Sector, Industrial Sector, domestic uses and
water supply needs.
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CHALLENGES FOR PAKISTAN IN THE IMPENDING WATER SCRACITY REGIME
► Depletion of Ground Water level due to excessive pumping from
the ground water reservoir.
► Conflict and disputes on sharing of water shortages amongst the
stake holders.
► Loss of water in river reaches and low Irrigation efficiencies. ► Food security and water shortages.
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CHALLENGES FOR PAKISTAN IN THE IMPENDING WATER SCRACITY REGIME
► Development of water resources in Pakistan like construction of
new storage Dams.
► Conservations of the existing Water availability by: i) Lining of Channels and water courses.
ii) Change of cropping pattern to suit the existing water availability and switching over to low delta crops as compared to crops requiring more water.
iii) Improving Irrigation techniques and switching over to sprinkling and drip irrigation methods where ever
possible.
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THANKSTHANKS