Brief history of china
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Transcript of Brief history of china
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Brief History of China
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Early Societies and the Role of the Emperor (1)
• Oldest pottery in China from the Yangshao period ( 5000 to 3000BC).
• Evidence of agriculture, animal domestication, firing of pottery and growing of silk woms for textiles.
• Oracle bones from the Shang Dynasty (600-1050BC).
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Early Societies and the Role of the Emperor (2)
• Dynastic tradition: relationship between heaven and earth.
• Emperor: ‘Son of Heaven’• Ruling on earth was a
‘Mandate of Heaven’• Natural disasters etc. viewed
as evidence of decline of he dynasty and proof of evil actions by the emperor.
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Early Societies and the Role of the Emperor (3)
• Dynastic rule was cyclical• Earliest recordings of dynastic
rule begin with the Shang and Zhou dynasties.
• Much of what we know about the early emperors is based around legends.
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Qin Dynasty (221-206BC)
• A unified Imperial Chin begins with Emperor Qin Shi Huangdi.
• Established the dynastic cycle of emperors.
• Standardized money, measurements, legal rights, writing and even began what would later become the Great Wall.
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Han Dynasties (206BC-22AD)
• Golden age of Chinese history. • Emperor Gaodi founded the Han
Dynasty.• Han Wudi took control in 141BC
and made efforts to expand the Chinese empire.
• Time when paper paper was invented and first Chinese dictionary produced.
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Tang dynasty (618-907)
• Borders of Chinese empire expanded from Tibet into Siberia and from eastern Korea down to preset day Vietnam.
• A time famed four its poetry.• Further trade routes across the
Silk Road into India, South East Asia, and the Middle East.
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Song dynasties (960-1279)
• Economic development paved the way for the emergence of a middle class.
• Increasing interest in the writings of Confucius.
• Early 13th century the Mongols invaded northern China and in 1279 overtook the Song dynasty.
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Yuan Dynasty (1279-1368)
• First non-Han Chinese Dynasty. • Yuan dynasty established due
to efforts of Genghis Khan, his grandson Kublai Lhan was sent to conquer China.
• Trade increased between Mongolia, China and Europe.
• Marco Polo spends some time in China.
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Ming Dynasty (1368-1644)
• Regarded as a period of stability, unity and peace.
• Time when some of the greatest tales and texts to come out of china were written.
• Yong Le moved the capital from Nanjing to Beijing where Forbidden Palace was established.
• Portuguese landed in Macao
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Qing dynasty (1644-1911)
• During Qing dynasty population doubled in 50 years.
• Emperor Kangxi was responsible for compiling dictionary of 40,000 characters and the most comprehensive encyclopedia of China.
• Emperor Qianlong expanded China to its largest extent: more than 4 million square miles.
• A lot of changes at the end of the 19th century. Sun Yat-Sen was inaugurated on January 1, 1912 as the first president of the Chinese Republic.
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Early Days of the Republic
• Two political parties emerged: the Nationalist party (Kuomintang) and the Communist Party.
• 1926, Nationalists pushed Communists out of the joint part they formed.
• Communists fled rom Shanghai to Nanjing. • 1931 Japanese invaded China and occupied
Nanjing – extremely violent event. • 1926-1934 Communists led by Mao Zedong
began their journey and created an independent communist state in 1935.
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Communist Rule and the People’s Republic of China
• 1949 Mao Zedong founded People’s Republic of China.
• Land reforms in the 1950s. • 1958 launched the Great Leap
Forward• Cultural Revolution• Deng Xiaoping’s economic reforms• 1989 Tiananmen square event.
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China has come a long way…
• China established itself as a major economic and technological presence in the world
• 2001: China admitted to the WTO• 2008: Beijing hosted the Olympics• Population suffers an ever widening gap
between rich and poor.