Eurocities 25th April 2013 Chris Verweijen, Movares

Bridging the gap! Roadmap to a sustainable city

And who am I?

● Noise started my career!

● Technical University Delft

● RET: PT City of Rotterdam: o Market analysis & Modeling PT o Transportation costs Model o Network planning o New tramway network o Strategic planning

● Movares: Strategic projects:

o Public transport planning o Mobility o Sustainability

Chris!

Eurocities 25th April 2013 Chris Verweijen, Movares

Movares: • Until 1995 EB Dutch Railways – now independent

engineering consulting firm (about 1300 employees)

• A lot of projects are still rail-based (High speed line to Belgium, Rail corridor to Germany)

• Now all other forms of infrastructure & mobility; Some projects:

IJmeerlijn: Plan supermetro from Amsterdam to Almere Reliable power distribution

Busplatform Amsterdam Central (price) Tramlink from Utrecht Central to the University

Major stations projects (Amsterdam, Rotterdam, Utrecht and Arnhem)

Last bus not least: Sustainable developments of areas (specialization) and sustainable Public Transport

• Movares is certified ISO14001 (sustainable organization)

Sustainability is HOT!!

What will you hear?

● What is a sustainable city? main factors to achieve

● EU Developments (SUMPs) ● The traveler in the centre ● Silent Sustainable System for a city ● How to choose a form of public transport ● Sustainable bus transport ● Conclusions

Steps to a sustainable future

Sustainability ? Developments The traveler SI system Forms PT Sustainable PT Conclusions

What is sustainability?

● There are at least 150 different definitions of sustainability : we won’t solve that today!

● Essential is: what is important for you on this moment for a sustainable city! Important factors may be: o CO2 transition (well – wheel / tank – wheel) o Emissions: NOx ; SOx en CH & Particles (PM score) o Noise (reduction) o Disturbed view / traffic flow

● Essential is also: rehabilitating the function of the city-centre

without traffic congestion: make the city human again

● Last but not least : a city that generates economy!

How to chose your roadmap

Sustainability ? Developments The traveler SI system Forms PT Sustainable PT Conclusions

What is sustainability? Example

What is sustainability?

Example : city of Grenoble; Re- introducing tram Sixties: Policy completely focused on car traffic Seventies: new bus axes PT: grow public transport Eighties: new tramlines

Effect: 17 million PT travelers in 1973; Now: 77 million!

Effect introduction tram: ● Better accessibility city centre ● New commercial activities in City centre ● City centre interesting for new group of customers (Certu 2005)

Example

Sustainability ? Developments The traveler SI system Forms PT Sustainable PT Conclusions

EU Developments

Sustainable urban mobility plan What is it?

Sustainability ? Developments The traveler SI system Forms PT Sustainable PT Conclusions

Proces:

● Analysis of an urban transport system; present situation and future needs

● Vision; long-term strategy & short-term plans

● Policy integration (transport; environment, urban development, land-use, …)

● Inter-institutional & inter-governmental approach

● Whole planning cycle including implementation, monitoring, evaluation, revision

● Participatory approach

Source: Vincent LEINER DG Move EU

EU Developments

Sustainability ? Developments The traveler SI system Forms PT Sustainable PT Conclusions

Content:

● All transport and mobility to and within an urban area

● Transport of passenger; freight; logistics

● Balanced treatment of all modes (public transport; cycling and walking; motorized /road)

● Measures to foster integration between modes

● Measures on Mobility Management

● Measure to engage citizens/stakeholders

Source: Vincent LEINER DG Move EU

Sustainable urban mobility plan What is it?

EU Developments

What is a SUMP?

Sustainability ? Developments The traveler SI system Forms PT Sustainable PT Conclusions

EU framework for SUMP:

● Establish common criteria for a SUMP

● Provide cities with an support framework (financial support; networking; guidelines; … ?)

● Let cities benefit from experience across EU

● Support cities in achieve their aspirations

● Strengthen contribution from cities to achievement of EU policy objectives

Source: Vincent LEINER DG Move EU

Making a sustainable silent transport plan

● How to make a roadmap to a silent and sustainable city?

● First step: Start thinking in human beings from the viewpoint of the traveler: what do they want?

● Follow the travel law:

You travel only if the benefit of being somewhere else is greater than the effort to get there.

Benefit: time, money, comfort,

commitment, effort . . . )

Start thinking from the position of the traveler

Sustainability ? Developments The traveler SI system Forms PT Sustainable PT Conclusions

? !

Making a sustainable silent transport plan Start thinking from the position of the traveler

Sustainability ? Developments The traveler SI system Forms PT Sustainable PT Conclusions

Conclusions Travel law:

Purpose of your trip = starting point of thinking

You want to go there with minimal effort / difficulty

Effort = sum of everything you encounter

Design rules resulting from the travel law:

Always choose for optimal quality of the system

Focus on priority of the transport mode!

Making a sustainable silent transport plan Start thinking from the position of the traveler

Sustainability ? Developments The traveler SI system Forms PT Sustainable PT Conclusions

Design rules resulting from the travel law:

A combination of high-quality systems takes less effort than one bad direct connection

Use all forms of mobility Public Transport, (e-)cycle, (e-)car (included car/cycle-date) in a completely linked network

Automatically you get sustainable ones in the city centre: e - mobility, PT, cycling and walking

Logical Hub structure to crosslink all the different modes At the hubs all different modes: the traveler has a real choice!

Innovative thinking about Mobility: Don’t think anymore in either bike, car or PT mobility

but see it as an intermodal network with high quality on all links

We call it the Sustainable Silent Intermobility System

Sustainable Silent Intermobility System Start thinking from the position of the traveler

Highway

High capacity PT

Hub

Walking

Cycling / CPT

CPT / E-cycling / E-car

RPT / Car

Sustainability ? Developments The traveler Si system Forms PT Sustainable PT Conclusions

CPT: City Public Transport RPT: Regional PT

Sustainable silent Intermobility System The right mode at the right place

Essential in the sustainable silent system are the hubs

The hub is an Integral transfer point of all modalities and a recognizable center of Mobility in the district

Modalities: Public transport:

HC line to centre / HC Tangent/ neighborhood shuttle auto-date (like Autolib) / P+R Cycle – date (like Velib) Place for your own cycle Taxi And . . . .

Sustainability ? Developments The traveler SI system Forms PT Sustainable PT Conclusions

Legend:

Hub

Your own car

Train

City PT

Cycle-date

Light rail

Auto-date

City area

Sustainable silent Intermobility System The effect of sustainable intermobility

Sustainability ? Developments The traveler SI system Forms PT Sustainable PT Conclusions

Making a sustainable silent network with HC lines:

● Investigate your network on necessity of less frequented lines ● combine them to a small number of very frequent lines ● Travelers have no problem with a longer walk if the quality is better! ● Method: use (e-)bicycles, and car-date at your stations to make the

range of your stops larger

Effect: ● less routes – better understanding the network – higher frequency

– use of separate lanes – high velocity – lower costs – more passengers

● Less streets with buses (and noise) ● Better basic to introduce sustainable transport

An empty PT vehicle is not sustainable!

Sustainable silent Intermobility System

Sustainability ? Developments The traveler SI system Forms PT Sustainable PT Conclusions

Different forms of Public transport

How to choose? ● First factor: number of passengers. ● If on a certain stretch the number is higher than about

30.000 a day: it is almost impossible to do that with buses

● 30.000 a day means 15.000 in one direction: so about 1500 – 2500 in the rush-hour

● The largest (double articulated) bus can take average about 125 passengers – so that means 12 – 16 buses in one direction

● So there is a bus at a crossing about every 1 - 2 minutes: you can’t pass the street anymore from a cross direction!

● At that moment you should start considering trams !

Choosing the transport mode for your High Capacity lines

Sustainability ? Developments The traveler SI system Forms PT Sustainable PT Conclusions

If you opt for busses – HOW to make them sustainable?

Sustainability ? Developments The traveler SI system Forms PT Sustainable PT Conclusions

This can be a bit better . . .

How to bridge the gap by the bus?

How to bridge the gap by the bus?

First category:

just going on – a bit more sustainable - but not yet silent

potential possibilities: Euro 6 – biogas /CNG – biofuel bus – lightweight bus

First category: just going on . . .

Euro bus (up to V)

Silent Sustainable bus

Sustainability ? Developments The traveler SI system Forms PT Sustainable PT Conclusions

How to bridge the gap by the bus?

Second category:

choose a solution “in between”: - more sustainable than Euro VI (and reliable!) - and more sustainable than the first category - Silent at certain stretches potential possibilities: Various forms of hybrid buses

Second Category: “somewhere in – between”

Euro bus (up to V)

Silent Sustainable bus

Sustainability ? Developments The traveler SI system Forms PT Sustainable PT Conclusions

How to bridge the gap by the bus?

Third category:

dial now for a sustainable & silent bus even though some possibilities aren’t not yet fully developed

potential possibilities:

Battery bus, trolleybus & hydrogen fuel cell bus

Third Category: going green - if possible!

Euro bus (up to V) Sustainable bus

Sustainability ? Developments The traveler SI system Forms PT Sustainable PT Conclusions

How to bridge the gap by the bus?

Fourth Category:

choose for a system in which the battery is recharged during the working hours of the bus; chance: step by step during the years is possible potential possibilities: electric (battery) bus or hybrid bus with recharging options

Fourth category: greening step by step

Euro bus (up to V) Sustainable bus

Sustainability ? Developments The traveler SI system Forms PT Sustainable PT Conclusions

Conclusions Roadmap to sustainability

● Find out what silence & sustainability means for you

● Make a sustainable network with all modalities ● Make a high potential PT network and choose the

right mode ● Choose a bus type that belongs to your aspects ● Choose for a proven technology

(don’t buy 100 prototypes !)

and: keep it simple! Otherwise. . .

Sustainability ? Developments The traveler SI system Forms PT Sustainable PT Conclusions

Conclusions You wont reach the other side !

Questions?

You must have them . . . !

Sustainability ? Developments The traveler SI system Forms PT Sustainable PT Conclusions

Discussion points

● Noise reduction leads to only electric public transport in the city Centre

● It is better for the city economy if only public transport and “the soft modes” are allowed in the city centre

● Not electric cars should not be allowed in the city centre

For any details: chris.verweijen@movares.nl