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Bridging the Digital DivideBridging the Digital Divide

Digital LibrariesDigital Librariesin Information Literacy Instructionin Information Literacy Instruction

in India and Germanyin India and Germany

by Dr. by Dr. NeenaNeena Singh & Dipl.Singh & Dipl.--Inform.wirtInform.wirt (FH) Andreas Klingenberg(FH) Andreas Klingenberg

25/02/201025/02/2010 Singh/Klingenberg: Bridging the Digital DivideSingh/Klingenberg: Bridging the Digital Divide 22

AgendaAgenda

1.1. Two conditionsTwo conditions2.2. Information LiteracyInformation Literacy3.3. Digital DivideDigital Divide4.4. Case studies: Germany & IndiaCase studies: Germany & India5.5. Bridging the Digital DivideBridging the Digital Divide


Accessing informationAccessing information


Germany: a big step forwardGermany: a big step forward

37,0

55,1

69,1

52,5

38,626,6

2001 2005 2009

offlineplanonline


Access depends on ageAccess depends on age

94,585,0

44,9

3,010,7

49,9

14-29 30-49 50+

offlineplanonline


Two conditionsTwo conditions

To use Digital Libraries one needsTo use Digital Libraries one needs

1.1. Hardware and accessHardware and access2.2. Skills to find and use informationSkills to find and use information


How people searchHow people search

37%

32%

17%

8%

4%

3%

1 keyword

2 keywords

3 keywords

4 keywords

5 keywords

more


Low searching skillsLow searching skills

no operators

83%

operators 17%


Information LiteracyInformation Literacy

To be information literate, a person must To be information literate, a person must be able to be able to recognizerecognize when information is when information is needed and have the ability to needed and have the ability to locatelocate, , evaluateevaluate, and , and useuse effectively the needed effectively the needed information.information. (ACRL 1989)(ACRL 1989)


Germany: below the averageGermany: below the average

Poland

Italy

Spain

German

ySwed

enFran

ce UKNeth

erlan

dsDen

mark

Finland


Digital DivideDigital Divide

youngyoungmenmen

developed countriesdeveloped countriesrichrich

locals/citizenslocals/citizenshighly educatedhighly educated

info literateinfo literate

•• oldold•• womenwomen•• developing countriesdeveloping countries•• poorpoor•• immigrantsimmigrants•• less educatedless educated•• illiterateilliterate


Information Literacy skillsInformation Literacy skills


India: literacy rateIndia: literacy rate

52,264,8

?

1991 2001 2011


India: internet accessibilityIndia: internet accessibility

0,1

3,7?

1998 2007 2016


EducationEducation

•• Libraries / Information CentresLibraries / Information Centres

•• LIS professionals = educators:LIS professionals = educators:teaching / improving information literacyteaching / improving information literacy

•• School School College College University University ……Lifelong LearningLifelong Learning


Social developmentSocial development

Examples: Examples: electronic payment (taxes), eelectronic payment (taxes), e--booking, booking, online payment (insurance premium), eonline payment (insurance premium), e--banking, right to banking, right to information, Automated Unique Identification card information, Automated Unique Identification card ……

Digital Libraries: accessible 24/7Digital Libraries: accessible 24/7LIS professionals = educatorsLIS professionals = educators


Political participationPolitical participation

Information LiteracyInformation Literacy–– decision making + problem solvingdecision making + problem solving–– critical thinkingcritical thinking–– right to informationright to information

Openness and TransparencyOpenness and TransparencyStrengthen democracyStrengthen democracy


Academic LibrariesAcademic Libraries

The two most important issues are The two most important issues are

(1)(1) the cost of building and maintaining the cost of building and maintaining sustainable digital library systems sustainable digital library systems and services, and and services, and

(2)(2) achieving the required information literacy achieving the required information literacy standards so as standards so as to exploit the full benefits of to exploit the full benefits of digital librariesdigital libraries. .

(Chowdhury 2002)(Chowdhury 2002)


Bridging the Digital DivideBridging the Digital Divide

1.1. TechnicalTechnical Hardware + accessHardware + access

2.2. EducationalEducational Information LiteracyInformation Literacy


StrategiesStrategies1.1. Similar to various acts.Similar to various acts.

Right to free & compulsoryRight to free & compulsory education act (2009)education act (2009)Right to Information Act Right to Information Act (2005) and Informational (2005) and Informational selfself--determination in Germany (1983)determination in Germany (1983)

NEED FORNEED FOR ““ Right to Information Skills or IL ActRight to Information Skills or IL Act””

2.2. Bridge Digital DivideBridge Digital Divide –– Systematic way Systematic way

IL programs be integrated with IL programs be integrated with academic curriculaacademic curricula, , School School to to higher educationhigher education –– UG and PG as UG and PG as Core learning competence.Core learning competence.

3.3. Need Need –– convince higher authoritiesconvince higher authorities (University Academic (University Academic council ) UGC etc (LIS forums council ) UGC etc (LIS forums –– Library associations)Library associations)


StrategiesStrategies

Need for National forum on IL (India) as it exists in Need for National forum on IL (India) as it exists in Germany since 2002 and Germany since 2002 and other countries.other countries.

•• To promote IL as means ofTo promote IL as means of-- Individual empowerment Individual empowerment -- bridging digital dividebridging digital divide-- information Literate Societyinformation Literate Society


Strategies Strategies Need to look beyond Need to look beyond –– Simple access to Simple access to

Hardware and softwareHardware and softwareResearches in IL Researches in IL –– its role in bridging digital its role in bridging digital divide is still in preliminary stage.divide is still in preliminary stage.

More discussions, More discussions, –– user surveys user surveys –– intensive intensive researches are inevitable.researches are inevitable.

Role DL Role DL -- reaching the un reached need to be reaching the un reached need to be promoted promoted -- academic, public libraries & CIC.academic, public libraries & CIC.


ConclusionsConclusionsIlliterates of 21Illiterates of 21stst –– Know to use digital informationKnow to use digital information

and Do not knowand Do not know

India India –– greater challengesgreater challenges--illiteracy (35%)illiteracy (35%)besides teaching ILbesides teaching IL

Need Need –– recognize role of LIS professionals as recognize role of LIS professionals as educators of IL educators of IL –– Bridging digital divide Bridging digital divide

Improve Improve –– digital infrastructure in school digital infrastructure in school –– public public libraries libraries –– college librariescollege libraries


ConclusionsConclusions

Germany Germany –– Ahead Ahead –– connecting its population toconnecting its population tointernet internet

Teaching ILTeaching IL –– Part of higher educationPart of higher education

NeedNeed –– bring to younger learners bring to younger learners –– institutions of adult educationinstitutions of adult education–– working people working people


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