20-Jan-2010 electrical, computer and energy engineering

Prof. Subramaniam (“Subby”) D. Rajan, Prof. Narayanan Neithalath and Amie Baisley

Graduate Students: Kirk Vance, Matt Aguayo, Joseph Harrington and Canio Hoffarth

Bridge EngineeringLinking Physics and Mathematics to Engineering

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Popular Structural Systemsn Buildingsn Domesn Damsn Canals/Aqueducts n ___________________

Chase One Ballpark

Burj Khalifa

CAP Canal

St. Louis Gateway Arch

One World Trade Center

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Structural Materialsn ___________(Plain, Reinforced, Prestressed)n _________________________________n Timber/Woodn _________________

Reinforced concrete

Steel beams and columns

Concrete masonry blocks

Wood beams and columns

Bridges in Arizona

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Navajo Bridge, Marble Canyon_____________: rock abutments and mid-span

834 ft long

467 ft above water

Roosevelt Dam

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__________________• 280 ft tall and 723 ft long• 1,000,000 acre-feet

• 357 ft tall and 1210 ft long• 1,653,043 acre-feet

Roosevelt Dam Bridge

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• ________________________________________________

• 1,080 ft long• $__________ million

SuperRedTan Interchange

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4-level Interchange

Suspension Bridges

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Boyce Arboretum

Kaibab Trail, Grand Canyon

Bridge Basics

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Bridge Basics

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Engineering Design Fundamentals Using Bridge Design As an Example

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Questions – Level 1n Q1: Building Materials

– (a) What are the more common building materials?– (b) Why are there so many different building materials?

n Q2: What is a Bridge?– (a) How can bridges be classified?– (b) What are the different parts or components of a bridge?– (c) Describe some famous bridges in Arizona and the US

n Q3: Bridge Performance– (a) How are bridges loaded?– (b) How should bridges perform under these loads?

n Q4: Who designs and constructs bridges?

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Questions – Level 2n Q5: Building Materials

– (a) What material properties characterize the behavior of a material?– (b) How are these material properties obtained?– (c) How do materials fail?

n Q6: What is a bridge?– (a) How do bridges fail?– (b) What is the lifetime of a bridge?– (c) How are the chances of a failure minimized?– (d) Describe some famous bridge failures.– (e) What are the typical steps in constructing a bridge?

n Q7: Bridge Performance– What is Bridge Management System?

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Bridge Building CompetitionRead the MS Word file Bridge Competition Rules and Regulations.docx

before proceeding further

Bridge Layout

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Abutment(6” x 6” x 6”)

24"

Bridge deck

Abutment(6” x 6” x 6”)

Elevation View

3” 3”

6"

Approachroad

Approachroad

Bridge Layout

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24"

distancebelowdeck = 6”

Bridgedeck

distanceabovedeck = 6”

verticaldirection

Sytrofoam(1.5” thick)

12”

One or morecolumns

Bridge Layout

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4”

Plan View

6"

24"

longitudinal direction

transversedirection

columns

Bridge Layout

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L1 6”L2 12”

L3 18”

4”

Plan View

6"

24"

loadinglocation

L1L2

L3

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Material List for 6 KitsMaterial Specs. for one kit Home Depot Specifications Est.

costCardboard 24” x 6” 18 in. x 18 in. x 24 in. 65 lb. Large

Box (Qty: 1)$1.50

Wooden dowels

3/8” dia x 12” long American Wood Moulding 4 ft. x 3/8 in. Round Hardwood Dowel (Qty: 9)

$9.00

Steel wire 24 gage (0.58 mm) x 100”

OOK 250 ft. x 24-Gauge Galvanized Steel Wire (Qty: 1)

$5.00

Zinc washers 5/16” dia Crown Bolt Flat Washers (Qty: 3) $9.00

Steel washers #10 Crown Bolt Flat Washers (Qty: 1) $5.00

Glue 2-Part Epoxy Loctite 0.85 fl. oz. Quick Set Epoxy Gel (Qty: 3)

$18.00

Styrofoam 1.5” thick x 24” x 6” R-Tech 1-1/2 in. x 2 ft. x 4 ft. Foam Insulation (Qty: 1)

$6.00

Total: $54=$9/kit

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Tools Neededn Glovesn Sharp cardboard cutter or scissorsn Pliersn Straight edgen Markern Saw to cut the dowels into 12” longn Drill (if drilling holes in dowels)

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Engineering Design Processn Steps in Meeting the Bridge Design Requirements

– Frame the design problem– Research design options– Generate ideas– Use models and build prototypes– Conduct experiments– Troubleshoot and iterate– Communicate

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Referencesn Do an internet search using these keywords – bridge, bridge engineering,

bridge design, bridge failuresn West Point Bridge Design (http://bridgecontest.usma.edu)n Building Big

n MatWeb: http://www.matweb.com/n Zhao and Tonias, Bridge Engineering, McGraw Hill Publications.