BRICK PRESENTATION

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• Brick have been used all over the world in every class and kind of building.

• At present India has the production capacity to manufacture over one lakh crore brick through about 45000 local kilns in an unorganized sector

• The brick do not required dressing and the art of lay bricks is so simple that the brick work can be carried out with the help of unskilled labour.

History Of Bricks

•The bricks are obtained by moulding clay in rectangular block of uniform size and then by drying and burning this blocks.•As bricks are uniform size they can properly arranged.•The common brick is one of the oldest building material.•It is extensively used at present as a leading material of construction, because of durability, strength, low cost, and easily available, etc.


Qualities Of Good Bricks

• table-moulded, well burnt in kilns, copper colored, free from cracks, sharp and square edges, uniform and bright color

• uniform and standard size• bright, homogenous and uniform compact

structure• should not absorb more than 20% by weight for

1st class bricks and 22% by weight for 2nd class bricks, when soaked in water for 24 hours

• sufficiently hard• low thermal conductivity, sound proof• crushing strength below 5.50 N/mm sq


Tests For Bricks

ABSORBTIONABSORBTION A brick is taken and it is weighed dry. It is then immersed in water for a period of 16 hours. It is weighed again and the difference in weight indicates

the amount of water absorbed by the brick. It should not, in any case, exceed 20% of weight of dry

brick.

CRUSHING STRENGTHCRUSHING STRENGTH The crushing strength of a brick is found out by placing it in

a compression testing machine. It is pressed till it breaks. As per BIS: 1077-1957, the minimum crushing or

compressive strength of bricks is 3.50 N/mm2. The bricks with crushing strength of 7 to 14 N/mm2 are

graded as A and those having above 14 N/mm are graded as AA.


HARDNESSHARDNESS In this test, a scratch is made on brick surface with the

help of a finger nail. If no impression is left on the surface, the brick is

treated to be sufficiently hard.SHAPE AND SIZESHAPE AND SIZE In this test, a brick is closely inspected. It should be of standard size and it’s shape should be

truly rectangle with sharp edges.SOUNDNESSSOUNDNESS In this test, two bricks are taken and they are struck

with each other. The bricks should not break and a clear ringing sound

should be produce.STRUCTURESTRUCTURE A brick is broken and its structure is examined. It should be homogeneous, compact and free from any

defects such as holes, lumps, etc.


ADVANTAGES

If plaster is to be provided on sand lime bricks, the quantity of mortar required will be less as bricks are uniform in size and shape.

The calcium silicate products are available in brick, block and tile forms. They thus permit wider uses in housing and building construction.

The masonry work of these bricks offer the architects considerable flexibility to produce complex shapes, intricate designs and different surface finishes given a pleasant visual effect.

The raw material of these bricks do not contain any soluble salt. Hence, trouble of efflorescence does not arise.

These bricks are uniform in colour n texture.


These bricks can be prepared where clay is scare. In other words, the adoption of these bricks relives pressure on the agricultural land.

These bricks have accurate size and shape with straight edges and true rectangular faces.

These bricks have better water repellant properties and noise reduction coefficients and they grant protection from fire.

These bricks present a clean appearance and hence, the plastering may be avoided.

The use of coloured sand-lime bricks offer permanent finish to the wall without extra cost.

The wastage of calcium silicate products is less, say within 1% or so


DISADVANTAGES

These bricks are not suitable for furnace brickwork because they will disintegrate, if exposed to heat for a long time.

These bricks are weak in offering resistance to the abrasion. Hence, they cannot be used as paving material.

These bricks cannot be used as foundation work as they are less water resistant than clay bricks.

Wherever suitable clay for the manufacture of clay bricks is available in plenty, these bricks will prove to be un economical.


Functions Stabilizers in BricksStabilizer material in the Bricks will do the following:(i) cementing/binding the soil particles together making

the product stronger(ii) water proofing - reducing the amount of voids and

water which can be absorbed by the Bricks(iii) reducing the shrinkage and swelling properties of

Bricks(iv) increase the tensile strength of Bricks.

Some Commonly Used Stabilizers are:(i) cement(ii) lime(iii) combination of lime and cement(iv) combination of lime and Pozzolana(v) asphalt(vi) burning clay bricks


BRICK FOUNDATION

FOUNDATION OF A 1½ BRICK TH WALL


BONDS IN BRICK-WORK


TO BUILD A ARCH


Arch Types: Segmental Arch Types: Jack

Arch Types: Semicircular Arch Types: Bullseye


Arch Types: HorseshoeArch Types: Multicentered

Arch Types: Venetian


Arch Types: Tudor

Arch Types: Triangular

Arch Types: Gothic


Brick vaults are constructed in the same manner as common brick arches.


Plan showing the method of maintaining the true alignment of a serpentine wall

throughout its height

SERPENTINE WALL


BRICKS IN PAVEMENT

A - PAVEMENTB - EDGINGC - MORTAR

D - COURSE SANDE - RUBBLE


BRICK JALI


Maintenance of brickwork1. MortarWell-built clay brickwork is virtually maintenance free. The brick color will not fade and the only obvious reparationmaybe that after many years, the joint faces may require re-pointing. However, if the correct mix proportions areused appropriate to the exposure factor, this will not be for many years.2. GraffitiKeeping the brickwork free of graffiti can now be accomplished by the use of a range of graffiti removing materials,which will not harm the brick or the joint. Such materials are readily available from most builders’ merchants, andalthough they are not able to deter potential graffiti artists, they may enable such masonry to be cleaned downeffectively.


3.Efflorescence, Algae, Lichen•Persistent efflorescence, extensive salt staining from within the brickwork and vegetable growth on the brickwork are due to excessively wet conditions. In such cases, it is necessary to overhaul faulty flashing and damp proof courses, repair leaking rainwater down-pipes, renew copings, etc.•Particular areas of masonry that can encourage lichen, moss, etc. are free standing boundary walls, adjacent to trees. If this does occur, then the application of a proprietary weed killer will not harm the brickwork, and will rid those areas of masonry which are likely to become saturated, such as belowexpanses of window, parapets and copings.


4. General Staining, i.e. dirtStaining in brickwork is generally due to external causes but sometimes may result from salts in the brickwork itself.Staining can mar the appearance of brickwork but incorrect cleaning techniques can cause permanent damage.Consequently, any proposed method of cleaning should be tried out in a small unobtrusive area and left for as longas possible, (at least a week or so) to judge the results, before the whole job is tackled

BRICK PRESENTATION

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