BrianSmith-Roller Cone Bits Drill by Crushing and or Gouging the Rock (1)

7/22/2019 BrianSmith-Roller Cone Bits Drill by Crushing and or Gouging the Rock (1)

1/21

Northeast U.S.Case Studies of Dril ling with PDC Bits on Air

Smith Technologies

Smith Bits / Northeast US

Appalachian Basin


2/21

Polycrystalline Diamond Compact

Fixed Cutter Bit

What is a PDC Bit?


3/21

PDC Terminology and Features

Junk Slot

Interchangeable

Nozzle

Blade

PDC Cutter

Lo-Vibe

Waterway


4/21


5/21

Roller Cone Mechanics

Roller Cone Bits drill

by crushing and/orgouging the rock

Rock requires high

energy (WOB) to

fracture the rock with

compressive loading


6/21

PDC Mechanics

PDC Bits drill by

shearing the rock

Rocks typically

fracture more easilywith shear loading

(less energy, WOB)

Most efficient cutting

action

Polycrystalline

Diamond

Compact


7/21

Fixed Cutter Bits:

MSi616 (6x3) MSi616 (6x6)

MSi716 (7x3)Mi716 (Straight 7)


8/21

Transition from TCI Bits to PDC Bits


9/21

PDC Improvements 1 yr Time Period


10/21

Robertson

County

Texas

Last Frontier for TCI bits in East Texas

Robertson County in East Texas still requires

TCI bits in the Travis Peak and Cotton Valley

Formations. This interval is drilled with 8

FHi90YOD (IADC - 837Y) type bits. WOB =

70,000 lbs is common.


11/21

What has happened in other areas that use PDC

Bits? Less bits are used per well

Wells are drilled to TD faster

Marginal Wells become more economical

due to reduced drilling costs

Accomplishments in other Basins


12/21

AIR DRILLING WITH PDC BITS - NEW YORK

ALL BITS PULLED AT TD OF INTERVAL

2015

2755

2498

1385

1835

1665

2163

1750

750

643

705 6

15 5

60

560

678

560

66.6 67.0

99.0

59.2

169.3

149.3

73.0

159.3

0

500

1000

1500

2000

2500

3000

---------

0-0-NO-A-E-E-E-IN-NO-T

D


D


D

0-1-WT-G-X-X-X-IN-NO-T

D

0-0-WT-G-X-X-X-IN-NO-T

D

DEPTH

INTERVAL

0

20

40

60

80

100

120

140

160

1808 7/8"

F40YA

1265'

66.5 fph

8 7/8"

F40YA

2112'

67.0 fph

8 7/8"

F40YA

1793'

98.95 fph

8 3/4"

GF27YODV

770'

59.2 fph

8 7/8"

M72NSVPX

1275'

169.3 fph

8 3/4"

M72NSVPX

1105'

149.3 fph

AVERAGE

TCI BITS

ROP 73.0 fph

AVEAGE

PDC BITS

ROP 159.3 fph

BIT SIZE-BIT TYPE-FOOTAGE DRILLED-ROP

PENETRA

TION

RATE

Depth Out Depth In ROP

TUNGSTEN CARBIDE INSERT

BIT RUNS

PDC BIT

RUNS

AVERAGES FOR

TCI & PDCRUNS

118% INCREASE IN

ROP

PDC VS TCI

Faster Rates of Penetration NEW YORK


13/21

Faster Rates of Penetration - OHIO


14/21

Case Study Roller Cone vs. PDC (AIR)

CASE 2

(1) MSi716WUPX PDC BIT

DEPTH IN: 3,698

DEPTH OUT: 6,145

FOOTAGE: 2,447

ROP: 47.1 fph

MAX DEVIATION: 1.5 degrees

CASE 3

(1) MSi716WUPX PDC BIT

DEPTH IN: 3,614

DEPTH OUT: 6,115

FOOTAGE: 2,501

ROP: 40.0 fph


CASE 1

(2) TCI BITS

DEPTH IN: 3,444

DEPTH OUT: 6,199

FOOTAGE: 2,755

ROP: 32.57 fph



15/21

Operating Parameters for

Tungsten Carbide Insert Bits

and

PDC Bits


16/21

Operating Parameters

Hard Rock Drill ing in Appalachia

TCI PDC

Low RPM (50-65) High WOB (40-60 klbs) Low RPM (50-80) High WOB (22-40 klbs)

Gage Rounding in abrasive formations Low RPM for optimum Wear resistance

Load/Impact resistance of the cutting element

Soft to Medium Rock Drill ing in Appalachia

TCI PDCHigh RPM (65-100) Low WOB (25-40 klbs) High RPM (65-140) Low WOB (5-18 klbs)

Same Air Volume as Normal Air Dril ling Applications


17/21

Limitations of PDC bits in Hard Formation

Hard Rock Drill ing with PDC Bits in Appalachia

PDC Cutter Wear Resistance

This abrasion has been one of the top limitations of drilling hard rock (>20 kpsi) formations in Appalachia

Clinton-Medina

Oriskany

100 Foot

PDC Cutter Impact Resistance

Cutter impact resistance has improved greatly in the past few years

Interface Geometry

Sintering Processes

Bevel Size

High weight on bit (22-40 klbs) has to be applied to the PDC bits to achieve efficient shearing action

PDC Bit Design

Cutting structure design is critical

Back-up cutters (SHARC) may be needed in hard abrasive formations to add durability and longevity to the bit


18/21

Field Operating Guidelines

Hard Rock Drilling with PDC Bits in the Appalachia

Bit Technology is only half the battle

Rig personnel must be properly trained

Handling bit on Rig Floor

Running bit through BOP Equipment

The drillers must address downhole vibrations

Torsional

Axial

Lateral vibrations


19/21

Faster Rates of Penetration

Wellbore stays more straight in Air Applications

Less Drill Collar Weight required

Why Use PDC Bits on Air


20/21

Questions?


21/21

Thank you

BrianSmith-Roller Cone Bits Drill by Crushing and or Gouging the Rock (1)

Documents

Transcript of BrianSmith-Roller Cone Bits Drill by Crushing and or Gouging the Rock (1)