Brenda Dingus Los Alamos National Lab 4 August...
Transcript of Brenda Dingus Los Alamos National Lab 4 August...
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Studying the Energetic Universe:Observatories for
Cosmic Rays, Gamma Rays, Neutrinos, Gravity Waves and Dark Matter
Brenda DingusLos Alamos National Lab
4 August 2014
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Particle Accelerators
Large Hadron Collider, (LHC) Geneva 7x1012 eV
Energy density of cosmic rays in our galaxy exceeds energy density in starlight in our galaxy
Nature accelerates cosmic rays to >1020 eV
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• Cosmic rays are energetic particles that have electric charge => Directions are randomized by Magnetic Fields in the Universe
• Gamma rays and neutrinos are produced by cosmic rays near their accelerators => Directions point back to the Sources
• Sources of the most energetic cosmic rays are outside our galaxy, but still unknown
• Likely accelerators of these particles involve the intense gravitational and electromagnetic fields associated with black holes
Cosmic Ray OriginsCosmic Rays
Gamma RaysNeutrinos
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Cosmic Rays were discovered in 1912 by Victor Hess
Electroscope discharged more quickly at higher altitudes proving that the radiation came from the cosmos and not from the earth.
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Cosmic Ray Observatories
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Gamma Rays are the Highest Energy Light
Yes!
1026 1028 Hz
~1-100 TeV
1TeV=1.6 ergs
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Optical Sky
• Almost all the optical light comes from within our galaxy.• The light is due to thermal emission from hot stars.
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Gamma Ray Sky
• Most of the gamma rays in the plane of our galaxy are from cosmic rays hitting the matter that obscure the optical light.
• Most of gamma rays outside the plane are due to sources outside our galaxy containing supermassive black holes
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Higher Energy Gamma-ray Deetectors
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Wide Field of View, Continuously Operating Gamma-Ray Observatory
HAWC (High Altitude Water Cherenkov) Observatory in Mexico
LHAASO ( Large High Altitude Air Shower Observatory) Planned in China
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Gamma Ray Sources are Astrophysical Particle Accelerators, but do
they produce all the cosmic rays?
Black Hole producing relativistic jet of particles
Binary Neutron Star Coalescing
Spinning Neutron Star powering a relativistic wind
Massive Star Collapsing into a Black Hole
TeV image of Vela Jr. Supernova Remnant
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Ice Cube Neutrino Observatory
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ANTARES Neutrino Observatory
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LIGO Gravitational Wave Observatory
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Dark Matter exists with 10 x mass of Normal Matter
Some candidates for Dark Matter may annihilate into gamma-rays, neutrinos, or cosmic rays.
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Dark Matter Detectors Deep Underground to Reduce Cosmic Ray Backgrounds
LUX (USA)
X Mass (Japan)
PANDA X (China)
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Conclusion
• Many new, exciting, and technically challenging observatories are being built around the world and are collecting data so we can understand the high energy Universe.
• We will hear more about these projects, their results, and the interpretations of their data at this conference.
• I want to thank our hosts for their hospitality. I am looking forward to an exciting and interesting week.