Breeds of Horses IMS #8894. Overview Many uses have brought about great variety Work horses - large,...

Breeds of Horses

IMS #8894

Overview

Many uses have brought about great variety

Work horses - large, heavily muscled

Speed horses - refined, longer legged

Various gaits - ease in riding or pulling

Objectives

Identify classes, breeds, and types of horses

Discuss origins, descriptions, and uses of breeds of horses

Locate addresses of horse breed registries

Classes, Breeds, and Types

Breed Common origin

Possess certain well-fixed, distinctive, uniformly, transmitted characteristics not common to other horses


Certain breeds better adapted for specific purposes

Diverse and distinct horse breeds

Types of Horses

Riding Horse Saddle Walking Stock Polo Hunters Jumpers Ponies

Race Horse Running

Thoroughbreds Quarter

Harness Trotters Pacers

Types of Horses

Driving Horse Heavy harness Fine harness Roadsters Ponies

Work Horse Draft Wagon Exhibition


Height measured in hands

Measurement taken from top of withers to the ground

Hand = 4 inches


Classified depending on size, build, and use Light Ponies Warmbloods Draft

Light Horses

American Paint Horse American Saddlebred Appaloosa Arabian Morgan Palomino

Pinto Quarter Horse Standardbred Tennessee Walking

Horse Thoroughbred

Light Horses

14-2 to 17 hands 900-1400 pounds

Primarily for: Riding Driving Racing

American Paint HorseLight Horse Breed

Origin – United States

14-1 to 16-2 hands

Uses Stock Pleasure Show Racing


Color – White with any other color

Overo

Tobiano

Tovero


Overo Predominantly white or dark

No white crossing back between withers and tail

Legs - One or all dark

Tail - one color


Tobiano Predominantly white or dark

Spots distinct, round, or oval patterns extending down over the neck and chest

Legs - all 4 white

Tail - 2 colors


Tovero Dark pigmentation around ears and mouth

Chest and flank spots in varying sizes

One or both eyes blue

American Saddlebred HorseLight Horse Breed

Origin – Kentucky

Color – Bay, brown, chestnut, gray, black, or golden

15 to 16 hands


Three gaited horses show: Walk Trot Canter

Five gaited horses show: Slow gait The rack


Uses: Three gaited Five gaited Pleasure Stock Fine harness

AppaloosaLight Horse Breed

Origin – Idaho, Oregon, and Washington

Descended from Central Asia

First bred by Nez Perce Indians


Color – Variations and combinations of colors and spots

Four distinguishable characteristics Coat pattern Mottled skin - speckled & blotchy pattern of

pigmented & non-pigmented skin White sclera – area of the eye which encircles

the iris Striped hooves


14 to 15-2 hands

Uses: Stock Pleasure Race Parade Hunters Jumpers

ArabianLight Horse Breed

Origin – Saudi Arabia

Color – Bay, gray, chestnut some white and

black

White marks common on head and legs

ArabianLight Horse Breed

14-2 to 15-2 hands

Dish face - Most distinguishable characteristic

Uses: Saddle, show, stock, pleasure, racing, endurance races, competitive trail rides

MorganLight Horse Breed

Origin – Vermont

Color – Bay, brown, chestnut Some black, palomino, buckskin, gray

14-2 to 16 hands


Stamina Docility Beauty Courage Longevity


Uses: Saddle Stock Harness

PalominoLight Horse Breed

Origin – United States Spanish descent

Color – Golden with light colored mane and tail

No more than 15% dark or chestnut hair in either mane or tail

PalominoLight Work Horse

14-2 to 16 hands

Type desired depends on intended use

PalominoLight Work Horse

Uses: Parade Stock Pleasure Saddle Fine Harness

PintoLight Work Horse

Origin – United States Spanish Conquistadors

Color – White with any other color Tobiano Overo

Color breed rather than type breed

PintoLight Horse Breed

Uses: Hunters Polo Mounts Racing Saddle horses Stock horses

Quarter HorseLight Horse Breed

Origin – United States Texas, Oklahoma, New Mexico, Colorado,

Kansas

Color – Gray, black ,bay, sorrel, chestnut, brown, buckskin, palomino, dun, grullo, red dun, blue roan, and red roan


15 to 16 hands

Well muscled

Powerfully built

Most versatile of all breeds


First breed native to United States

Uses: Stock Racing Pleasure Hunting Jumping

StandardbredLight Horse Breed


Color – Bay, brown, black Some chestnut, gray, roan, dun

15 to 16 hands


Developed for harness racing

Important requirements Pleasing conformation Style Quality


Uses: Racing Trotting Pacing Show

Tennessee Walking HorseLight Horse Breed

Origin – Tennessee

Color – Sorrel, chestnut, roan, black, white, golden, gray, bay, brown

14-3 to 17 hands


Three easy riding gaits Flat-foot walk Running walk Canter

Natural, inherited characteristics


Uses: Pleasure Plantation Walking Show

ThoroughbredLight Horse Breed

Origin – England

Developed as a running horse

15 to 16-2 hands


Color – bay, brown, chestnut, sorrel, black gray

White markings on face and legs

Conformation emphasizes factors contributing to racing and sports


Uses: Race Saddle Hunting Jumping Polo mounts

Ponies

Pony of the Americas

Miniature Horse

Shetland Pony

Welsh Pony

Ponies

Under 14-2 hands

Less than 900 pounds

Miniature HorsePony

Origin – England

Color – Any color, marking patterns, or eye color

Height – no more than 34 inches

Miniature HorsesPony

Uses: Pets Show

First used to pull ore carts in coalmines

Pony of the AmericasPony

Origin – Mason City, Iowa

Color – Very similar to Appaloosa Several color patterns acceptable

46-54 inches

Pony of the AmericasPony

Conformation between Quarter Horse and Arabian

Uses: Juniors who have

outgrown Shetlands but not ready for a horse

Shetland PonyPony

Origin – Shetland Isles

Color – Any color, solid, or mixed

Height classes Under 43 inches 43-46 inches

Shetland PonyPony

Long, shaggy outer coat during winter

Full mane and tail

One of oldest breeds in existence

Shetland PonyPony

Uses: Children Harness Racing Roadster

Welsh PonyPony

Origin – Wales

Color – Gray, roan, black, brown, bay chestnut Some white and dun

Welsh PonyPony

Height – Two Divisions “A” – Cannot exceed 12-2 hands “B” – Over 12-2 but not more than 14-2

Weight “A” – Less than 500 pounds “B” – 500 to 900 pounds

Welsh PonyPony

Uses: Children Harness racing Trail riding Parades

Warmblood Horses

American Warmblood

Hanoverian

Holsteiner

Trakehner

Warmblood Horses

15-1 to 17 hands

1200 to 1600 pounds

Warmblood Horses

Primarily for sporting competitions Dressage Driving Hunting Jumping Three-day events

Warmblood Horses

Combination of “hot blooded” (Arabians and Thoroughbreds) crossed with “cold blooded” (draft)

Do not have closed studbooks Official record of the pedigree or ancestry of

purebreds Outside blood is not allowed into gene pool

American WarmbloodWarmblood Breed


Color – Any color Preferably solid with few white markings

16-17 hands

American WarmbloodWarmblood

Uses: Dressage Driving Jumping Three-Day

eventing

HanoverianWarmblood

Origin - Germany

Color – Solid color (bay, chestnut, gray) Excessive white not desired

16 – 17 hands

HanoverianWarmblood

Noble horse

Cooperative temperament

Elastic gaits

Outstanding ability in international equestrian disciplines

HanoverianWarmblood

Uses: Dressage Driving Jumping Three-day eventing

HolsteinerWarmblood Origin – Province of Schleswig-Holstein in

Northern Germany

Color – Bay Few or no white markings

16 to 17 hands

HolsteinerWarmblood Relaxed and willing temperament

Good character and eagerness to work

Carries head in beautiful arch

Excellent jumping ability

HolsteinerWarmblood Uses:

Dressage Driving Jumping Three-day

eventing

TrakehnerWarmblood

Origin – Trakehner, East Prussia

Color – Solid color (bay, chestnut, sorrel, gray) without excessive white markings

15-3 to 16-3 hands

TrakehnerWarmblood

Originally developed for Prussian Army

“Floating trot”

Excellent balance

Excels in dressage

TrakehnerWarmblood

Introduced to North America in 1957

Uses: Dressage Hunting Jumping Three-day eventing

Draft Horses

Belgian

Clydesdale

Percheron

Shire

Draft Horses

14-2 to 19 hands

More than 1400 pounds

Primarily for heavy work and exhibition

BelgianDraft Breed

Origin – Belgium

Color – Chestnut, sorrel Some roans and bays

15-2 to 17 hands

BelgianDraft Breed

Size Known for draftiness

Widest

Deepest

Most compact massive

Lowest set draft breed

BelgianDraft Breed

Most numerous draft breed

Docile

Quiet

Gentle

BelgianDraft Breed

Uses: Exhibition Special Attractions Farm Work

ClydesdaleDraft Breed

Origin – Scotland

Color – Bay Some black, brown, chestnut, and roan

4 white socks

Well-defined blaze or bald face


Size – Medium Draft breed

16-2 to 18 hands

Superior style and action

Heavy feathering of feet Fringe of hair around foot just above the hoof


Uses: Exhibition Special attractions Farm work

PercheronDraft Breed

Origin – France

Color – Most common: black or gray Some chestnut and roan

Size – Intermediate Between Clydesdale and Belgian


16-2 to 17-3 hands

Extremely docile

Clean-cut head


Uses: Exhibition purposes Special attractions Farm Work

Mated with Thoroughbreds Produce hunters and jumpers

ShireDraft Breed

Origin – England

Color – Black, brown, gray, chestnut/sorrel

Undesirable: Excessive white markings roaning

ShireDraft Breed

Size – Large

Matched in weight only by Belgian

16-2 to 17-1 hands

War horses in 15th and 16th centuries

ShireDraft Breed

Uses: Exhibition purposes Special attractions Farm work

Summary

Breed Common origin

Possess certain well-fixed, distinctive, uniformly, transmitted characteristics not common to other horses

Summary

Classified as:

Light

Ponies

Warmbloods

Draft

ALL RIGHTS RESERVEDReproduction or redistribution of all, or

part, of this presentation withoutwritten permission is prohibited.

Instructional Materials ServiceTexas A&M University

2588 TAMUSCollege Station, Texas 77843-2588

http://www-ims.tamu.edu

2008

Breeds of Horses IMS #8894. Overview Many uses have brought about great variety Work horses - large,...

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Transcript of Breeds of Horses IMS #8894. Overview Many uses have brought about great variety Work horses - large,...