Breeds Information
description
Transcript of Breeds Information
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Breeds Information
Animal Science
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Dairy Breeds and Selection
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Dairy Breeds and SelectionOverview
• Major Breeds of Dairy Cattle• Dairy Terms and Definitions• Parts of a Dairy Cow• Dairy Traits and Selection• Judging Contests
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Major Breeds of Dairy Cattle
Holstein• Black and White or Red and White color pattern• Large sized• Heavy milk producers
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Major Breeds of Dairy Cattle
Jersey• Color varies (light gray to a dark fawn being darker around the head and
hips)• Medium sized• Produces more pounds of milk per body weight than any other dairy breed.
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Major Breeds of Dairy Cattle
Guernsey• Red (Fawn) and White in color• Medium sized• High milk production to feed intake ratio• Milk is high in betacarotene
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Major Breeds of Dairy Cattle
Brown Swiss• Solid brown, varying from very light to dark• Large sized• Light colored band around the muzzle• One of the oldest Dairy breeds
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Major Breeds of Dairy Cattle
Ayrshire• Red and white in color (amount varies)• Medium sized• Purebred Ayrshires only produce red offspring• Average milk production
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Major Breeds of Dairy Cattle
Milking Shorthorn• Red and white or any combination of red and white• Dual purpose breed• Split from the American Shorthorn Assoc. in 1949
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Major Breeds of Dairy Cattle
Milking Devon• Red in color• Triple purpose (Draft, beef, milk)• Medium sized
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Beef Breeds
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Three classifications
• British – breed developed in the British Isles (England, Scotland, Wales
• Continental – Developed in continental Europe• American - breeds developed in the United
States, often Brahman crosses
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British Breeds
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Horned Hereford
• A popular British breed known for its red and white horned color pattern.
• Classification: British• Origin: Herefordshire,
England• Characteristics: Light
yellow to cherry red with white belly- good foragers
• Medium frame size• Medium muscled
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Angus
• The most registered breed in America, known for its excellent carcass quality.
• Origin: Aberdeen, Scotland• Characteristics: Black,
polled*• Smooth hair coat• Medium frame size• Heavy muscled • Excellent mothers
– *Polled: genetically born without horns
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Shorthorn
• A British breed known for its prime carcass and roan color pattern.
• Origin: Northern, England• Characteristics: Color
white, red, or roan (red and white color mixed ) Prime quality grade
• Medium frame size• Medium muscle
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Continental Breeds
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Charolais
• Classification: Continental
• A large muscled all white French breed.
• Origin: Central France• Characteristics: White
to Creamy, thick hair coat
• Large frame size• Lean, heavy muscled
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Simmental
• A large dual purpose called developed in Switzerland. The most registered breed in the world.
• Originated in Switzerland• Oldest breed of cattle in
the world• Large, powerful breed• Brought to the United
States in 1971• Orange/Yellow and white
to black in color
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Chianina
• Largest breed of cattle in the world.
• Origin: West - Central Italy• Characteristics: Off white
with black tongue, nose, eyes, & hooves
• Large frame size• Long muscle• Triple purpose cattle• Classification: Continental
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Peidmontese
• Classification is Continental
• Developed in Italy• Heavy muscled• Blue sliver color with
dark markings on muzzle, eyes, front legs and jump muscle
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Salers
• A French breed distinguished by it deep brick red curly hair.
• Originated in France• Fastest growing breed in
the United States• Mahogany red in color• One of the last breeds to
be imported into the United States
• Very hearty tough breed
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American Breeds
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Red Angus
• A red color gene version of America’s Angus breed of cattle.
• Polled• Classification American• Greater heat tolerant• Moderate frame
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Texas Longhorn• Texas Longhorn – Origin: Texas, but Spanish Origin– Characteristics– Classification - American• Vary in color and are speckled or freckled• Long distinctive horns• Low birth weights• Slow maturing• Excellent hardiness• Light muscled
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Which one is it?
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Which one is it?
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Which one is it?
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Which one is it?
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Which one is it?
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Which one is it?
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Which one is it?
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Which one is it?
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Which one is it?
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Which one is it?
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Breeds of Sheep and Goats
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Breeds of Sheep• Meat• Wool • Dual
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Suffolk
• Originated in England • Characteristics
– Primarily used for meat – Black face and legs – Polled – Bare face and legs
• Advantages – Large bodies
• Disadvantages – Bare bellies
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Hampshire
• Originated in England • Characteristics
– Produced for meat – Black-brown face and legs – Polled – Large body size
• Advantages – Good milkers – Excellent carcass
conformation • Disadvantages
– Wool blindness
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Shorpshire
• Originated in England • Characteristics
– Primarily used for meat – Black-brown face and legs – Polled
• Advantages – Excellent milkers
• Disadvantages – Wool blindness
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Southdown
• Originated in England • Characteristics
– Primarily used for meat – Grey-brown face and legs – Polled
• Advantages – Used in hot house lamb
production • Disadvantages
– Very small in size – Very light fleece weight
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Cheviot
• Originated in England and Scotland
• Characteristics – Primarily used for meat and
medium wool – Usually polled – White in color
• Advantages – Very rugged – Excellent carcass
conformation • Disadvantages
– Small in size
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Columbia
• Originated in the United States
• Characteristics – Primarily used for meat – White in color – Polled
• Advantages – Rugged – Herding instinct – Dual purpose breed
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Corriedale
• Originated in New Zealand
• Characteristics – Primarily used for meat – White with black marks
on head and feet – Polled or horned; usually
polled • Advantages
– Herding instinct
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Polypay
• Originated in the United States • Characteristics
– White in color • Advantages
– High lifetime prolificacy – Lamb crop is large in the first
year – Ability to lamb more frequently
than once per season – Lambs have rapid growth rates – Desirable carcass quality
• Disadvantages – Not a uniform breed
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Rambouillet
• Originated in France • Characteristics – Primarily used for wool – White in color – Males are horned and
females are polled • Advantages – Good herding instinct
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Targhee
• Originated in the United States
• Characteristics – Primarily used for meat – White in color – Polled
• Advantages – Herding instinct
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Breeds of Goats
• Dairy• Meat• Fiber
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Alpine (French Alps)
U Medium to large sizedU only breed with upright ears
U all colors and combinations of colors.U Hair is medium to short
U straight face with roman nose.
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Angora (Asia Minor)
U Both sexes are hornedU Pronounced spiral to the hornU Utilized in Mohair Production
U White in color
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Boer (South Africa)
U Also known as the AfricanderU Early maturing
U Predominantly white with red head but some solid red exist.
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Golden Guernsey (British)
U color varies from cream to brownU usually polled
U lower in milk production than most Swiss breedsU higher in butter fat and protein %
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LaMancha (Oregon)
U Face is straight U Gopher ear - max one inch in length preferably non-existent
U Elf ear-max. length of two inches with tip being turned up or downU Any color or combination is acceptable.
U Hair is short, fine and glossyU high butterfat
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Nigerian Dwarf (West Africa)
U Main colors are black, chocolate and gold with random white markings.
U Breed year roundU They give 3-4# of milk per day at 6 to 10% butterfat
U They make great pets
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Nubian (Oriental)
U Large framedU face being convex between the eyes and muzzle
U ears are long, wide and pendulous. They flare out in a bell shape.
U Any color or colors, solid or patterned
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Pygmy Goat (Africa)
U Full coat of straight, medium-long hair.U All colors are acceptable
U muzzle, forehead, eyes and ears are accented in tones lighter than the dark portion of the body.
U Make good pets
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Saanen (Switzerland)
U Usually yields 3-4% milkfatU medium to large in size
U white or light cream in color.U Ears are erect and carried forward.
U Face straight or dished
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Spanish (Spain)
U Feral goat or brush goat native to U.S. U Descended from the goats that were released or escaped from
the early Spanish explorersU Utilized for meat.U Fat content is less than beef.
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Toggenburg (Switzerland)
U Medium in sizeU Hair is short or medium in lengthU Ears are Erect and ForwardU Face may be straight or dishedU Color is solid varying from light fawn to dark chocolateU Distinct white markings
U white ears with dark spot in middleU two white stripes down face from above each eyeU white legs below knee and hockU white triangle on either side of the tail.U some have wattles
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Equine Breeds
Feral- a horse that was once domesticated and has become wild.
A breed of horse may be defined as a group of horses having a common origin and possessing certain well-fixed distinctive, uniformly transmitted characteristics that are not common to other horses.
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Equine Breeds
Draft horses are large and usually 14 to over 17 hands in height and over 1,500 lb. in weight.
They are sometimes referred to as cold-blood horses.
The term refers to the quiet, calm temperament of these breeds.
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Equine Breeds
The males of the ass family are called jacks, and the females jennets.
Asses are also commonly known as donkeys, burros, or jackstock.
Long-Eared Breeds Mammoth Ass Standard Donkey Miniature Donkey Mule
Miniature Donkey
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Equine Breeds
A light horse is usually 12 to 17 hands in height and weighs 900 to 1,400 lbs. They are usually used for riding, showing, and racing.
A pony, on the other hand is smaller, usually less than 14.2 hands and weighing 500 to 900 lbs.