Breathing Spaces Project Learning Report February 2020 · Breathing Spaces was a clean air project...

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Breathing Spaces Project Learning Report February 2020 Naomi Jones

Transcript of Breathing Spaces Project Learning Report February 2020 · Breathing Spaces was a clean air project...

Page 1: Breathing Spaces Project Learning Report February 2020 · Breathing Spaces was a clean air project located in the Southampton area of St Denys, which initially ran from January 2019

BreathingSpacesProject

LearningReport

February2020NaomiJones

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Imagescourtesyof:TheSouthamptonCollective-MandiBissett/BenQuextal/Nesta-BethCrockatt

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ForewordbyTheSouthamptonCollectiveCommunity,collaborationandco-productionhavebeenthekeystrandsofourBreathingSpacesprojectinSouthampton.Ouraimhasbeentocreateaspaceforresidents,academics&policymakerstoconnectwitheachother,shareconcernsandfindsolutionsforcleanerairandhealthystreets.Somanypeoplehavewantedtosupporttheinitiativeinsomanydifferentways,notleasttheresidentsofStDenysandourprojectpartners,TheUniversityofSouthamptonandSolentUniversity.Inaddition,BreathingSpaceswouldnothavebeenpossiblewithoutthesupportandencouragementofourfunders,NestaandtheDepartmentforDigital,Culture,MediaandSport(DCMS).

WewantedtobuildonthestrongsenseofcommunityinStDenysinordertocreatechangeandwe’repleasedtohavesupportedawiderangeofcommunityactivitiesoverthepastyear.Thislearningreportclearlyshowsthatresidentswanttobuildonthismomentumandseemuchmorelocalandcity-wideactionforcleanerair.

Communitydevelopmentisalongprocessandweknowthatinordertosucceed,communitieswelcomeguidanceandencouragement,whilstfocusingonaddressingtheneedsandprioritiesoflocalresidents.Thisenablespeopletoworktogethertobringaboutsocialchange.

Bysharingthefindingsofthisproject,weareaskingindividuals,communities,localorganisationsandpoliticianstosupportthenextphaseofBreathingSpaces.Itisclearthatpeoplewanttoconnectwiththesciencearoundairqualityandgetinvolvedwithactivitiesforcleanerair.Thiscantaketheformofco-designingsolutions,collaboratingonartsprojects,greening&reclaimingpublicspaces,streetplayandmore.Residentswanttocreatespaceforcommunity,notcommuters.

Itiswithoutdoubtthatbuildingstrongcommunitiesandsupportingboldvisionsforliveable,climate-resilientneighbourhoodsisessentialaswemoveintothefuture.Wewillcontinuetoencouragecollectiveactionforcleanairbysharingwhatwe’velearntwithothers;seekingnewcollaborationsandstrengtheningcurrentones;andworkingtowardsembeddingco-productioninpolicy-making.Together,wecanachieveourambitionofahealthy,sustainableSouthamptonpoweredbyitscommunities.

Manythankstoallinvolved,

Mandi,ClareandRebecca

February2020

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ExecutiveSummary

BackgroundBreathingSpaceswasacleanairprojectlocatedintheSouthamptonareaofStDenys,whichinitiallyranfromJanuary2019toSpring2020.Theprojectfocusedonstartingconversationsaboutcleanairandliveableneighbourhoodsinthecity.Theaimwastoencouragecollectiveactionaroundcleanairusingevidenceasatalkingpointtosupportindividualandcommunity-ledbehaviourchangeandtoinfluencelocalpolicy.Theprojectdeliveredarangeofactivitiesincluding:● Aseriesofsix‘CleanAirCafé’eventswherecommunitymembersandlocalstakeholders

cametogethertoshareexperiences,storiesandconcerns,andtoexplorepotentialsolutionsforcleanair.

● Workingwithlocalpeopletoinstallanetworkofairqualitysensorsonhomes,communitybuildingsandcommercialpropertiesacrosstheStDenysneighbourhood.

● Makingthelivedatafromtheairqualitysensorsavailableforthelocalcommunityandpolicymakerstoaccessandengagewiththroughtwoonlineportals,theprojectwebsiteandevents.

● Workingwithlocalresidentstorun‘OpenStreets’eventsintheStDenysareawhereresidentialstreetswereclosedtocarsonspecificdays.

● Invitingmembersofthelocalcommunitytoapplyforsmallbursariesinordertocarryoutlocalprojectsoractivitiesthatsupportedorspreadthewordaboutcleanair.

● Formingpartnershipswitharangeoforganisationsandstakeholdersacrossthecitytopromotetheconversationaboutcleanairandencourageincreaseddialoguebetweenthelocalcommunityandlocalpolicy-makers.

NJResearchwasappointedasalearningpartnertoBreathingSpacesinordertohelpbuildtheproject’sinternalmonitoringandevaluationcapacityandsupportitindesigninganddeliveringevaluationactivitiestoexploretheproject’simpact.Theevaluationactivitiesweredesignedtobelight-touchandproportionatewithafocusongeneratinglearningwhileminimisingtheburdenontheprojectteamandthelocalcommunity.

KeyfindingsKnowledgeofandengagementwiththeproject

• EngagementwiththeprojectwasgoodandthelevelsofengagementwerewellsustainedacrosstheprojectwiththeCleanAirCaféandOpenStreeteventsgeneratinggoodattendanceatvariouspointsoftheyear.

• Evidencealsosuggeststhattheprojecthadawidereach-engagingresidentsinStDenysandneighbouringareasaswellasotherpartsofSouthampton.

• UnderstandingofBreathingSpaces’objectivesandviewsofitsapproachtocommunicationsweremixed,whichislikelytobeinparttodowiththevariouswaysthatlocalresidentsfoundoutaboutandengagedwiththeproject.

• IntheshorttimethatBreathingSpacesran,itstartedtoplayaroleinraisingawarenessofandeducatingthecommunityaboutcleanairissues.Bothlocalresidentsandstakeholdersfoundtheprojecttobeausefulsourceofknowledge.

• TheairqualitydatathatBreathingSpacesgeneratedwasseenasuniqueandbeneficialandtherewasconsiderablesupportforthatelementoftheproject.However,therewas

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limitedawarenessofthedataamongsomegroupsandconfusionabouthowtointerpretitamongothers.

Creatingcollectivecommunityaction

• BreathingSpacescreatedopportunitiesforcommunityactiontotakeplacethroughitseventseries,bursaryprojectsandwiderencouragementofconversationsaboutcleanair.

• BreathingSpacesalsoencouragedengagementincommunityactionandtherewassomeevidencethatlocalresidents’activityhadstartedtoincreaseasaresultoftheproject.

• HigherengagementwithcommunityactionwasthoughttobelimitedbyboththeshorttimeinwhichBreathingSpaceswasactiveandthefactthatthereweresomeresidentswhowerereluctanttogetinvolved.

Influencingpolicy• Stakeholdersfeltthattheproject’sfocusonresidentengagementhadgiventheareaof

StDenysmoreweightandforcedthelocalcounciltotakenoteofitandpaymoreattentiontocleanairpolicy.

• BreathingSpaceshadaroleincreatingopportunitiesforandcontributingtoco-producedpolicy.However,theshort-termnatureoftheprojectlimitedtheimpactitwasabletohaveinthisrespect.

ViewsofBreathingSpaces

• PerceptionsofBreathingSpaceswereoverwhelminglypositiveandresidentsandstakeholdersalikefeltthatithadbeenanimportantprojectthathadbrokendownbarriersandtestednewground.

• Theproject’sconsidered,inclusiveandadaptableapproachwasthoughttohaveresultedinhigherlevelsofengagementwithlocalresidents.

• TheBreathingSpacesteamwaspraisedfortheconnectionsitcreatedbothwithinthecommunityandbetweenthecommunity,councilanduniversities.

• Therewasfeedbackthatcommunicationsabouttheprojectcouldhavebeenmorecomprehensiveandsomestakeholdersfeltthattheprojectwouldhavebenefitedfrommoretechnicalexpertisewithintheteamattimes.

• Therewasconsiderableappetiteamongresidentsandstakeholdersfortheprojecttocontinueandindeedscaletootherareasofthecity.

Keylearningpoints• Theprojectmadegoodinroadsintogeneratingcollectivecommunityactionand

influencingpolicy.However,boththesethingstakemoretimethanwasavailabletotheproject.ForBreathingSpacestoreallyhaveanimpactitwouldneedtocontinueandbuildonitsexistingmomentum.

• Theproject’sconsideredandinclusiveapproachalongsidetherangeofoptionsitofferedforresidentstoengagewithitasaprojectandgetinvolvedincommunityactionwereseenasfundamentaltoitssuccess.Iftheprojectdoescontinueorscaleinanyway,itwillbeimportanttoretainandbuildontheseapproaches.

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• BreathingSpaceshadafruitfulthree-prongedapproachtoinfluencingpolicywhichincludeddirectprojectteam-levelconversationswithpolicymakers,generatinghigherlevelsofcommunityaction,andcreatingopportunitiesforresidentstoconnectwithkeystakeholders.Allthreeelementsareimportantandshouldbecontinuediftheprojectseeksmorefunding.

• TheprojecthadpositiveunintendedconsequencesincludingbuildingnewconnectionsbetweenandopportunitiesforthetwoSouthamptonuniversities.Theseshouldbeacknowledgedinanyfutureiterationsoftheprojecteitheraspartoftheproject’stheoryofchangeorwhendesigningfutureactivitiesfortheprojecttodeliver.

• Communicationwasfelttobearelativeweakpointoftheprojectandiftheprojectcontinuesitshouldexploreopportunitiesforcommunicatingitsexistence,keymessagesandsensordatamorewidelyandinarangeofformats.

• Thesuccessfulcollaborationwiththeuniversitiesworkedwellforthisiterationoftheprojectasitwassmallandearlystage.Anyfutureiterationsmaywanttoexploreoptionsforformalisingthisrelationshipandforbringinghigherlevelsoftechnologicalexpertiseintothecoreprojectteam.

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1. Introduction

1.1 OverviewofBreathingSpacesBreathingSpaceswasaSouthampton-basedcleanairprojectthatwasrunbytheSouthamptonCollectivefromJanuary2019toSpring2020.Formedin2016,theSouthamptonCollectiveisaSocialEnterprisewiththepurposeofadvancingcollaborativeprojectsacrossthecityofSouthampton.Climate,sustainabilityandhealthissuesformacoreareaofworkfortheCollectiveandgiventhehighlevelsofpollutionthatSouthamptonexperiences1,itdecidedtoseekfundingforaprojectthatwasfocusedonstartingconversationsaboutcleanairinthecity.Theaimwasfortheprojecttoencouragecollectiveactionaroundcleanairusingevidenceasatalkingpointtosupportindividualandcommunity-ledbehaviourchangeandtoinfluencelocalpolicy.

Theoriginalprojectidea(SolentAirWatch),whichwasexploredin2018,wascity-wideandfocusedonsupportingresidentstobuildtheirownairqualitysensors.Followingthedepartureofoneoftheprojectteam,thisideawasrevisitedandthenewBreathingSpacesprojectwasnarrowedtofocusononespecificneighbourhoodandtheideaofraisingawarenessandcollectiveactioninthatlocalityoverthecourseofayear.TheSouthamptonareaofStDenyswasselectedbecauseithadissueswithpavementparking,andrushhourtrafficandHGVsusingitsresidentialroadsasashortcut,andbecausetheareaalreadyhadseveralexistingcommunitygroupsthatcouldbelinkedwith.

TheprojectreceivedfundingthroughtheConnectedCommunitiesInnovationFund;apartnershipbetweenNesta,anindependentinnovationfoundationandtheDepartmentforDigital,Culture,MediaandSport(DCMS).Todelivertheproject,theSouthamptonCollectivepartneredwithbothTheUniversityofSouthampton(whichalsocontributedfundingtowardsairqualitysensors)andSolentUniversity.

1.1.1. BreathingSpaces’objectives

TheBreathingSpacesteamwereconsciousthatrespondingtoairpollutionhadbecomeaverydivisiveissueinSouthamptonandsotheprojectsoughttobringthediscussionaroundairqualitytoalocallevel,explorethechallengesthatlocalresidentsidentifiedandrefocustheissueasoneofpersonalhealthinordertohelppeoplebecomemoreengaged.Indoingthis,theproject’saimwastwofold:

● TocreatecollectivecommunityactionaroundcleanairintheStDenysarea;and● Toinfluencelocalconversationsandpolicyaroundcleanair.

Diagram1belowshowstheproject’stheoryofchange-whattheprojectaimedtoachieveandtheactivitiesitdeliveredtoworktowardsthoseobjectives.

1ThecitywasnamedbytheWorldHealthOrganisationasbeingamongst17areasoftheUKthatsitatthelimitforfineparticleairpollutionin2018.SeeWHOGlobalAmbientAirQualityDatabase.

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Diagram1:TheoryofChangefortheBreathingSpacesproject

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1.1.2BreathingSpaces’activities

TheBreathingSpacesteamundertookarangeofactivitiesandapproachesinordertomeetitsobjectives.Theseincluded:

● Aseriesofsix‘CleanAirCafé’events(5structuredsessionsandadrop-inevent)during2019wherebyanopeninvitationwasissuedtomembersofthelocalcommunitytocomeandshareexperiences,storiesandconcernsandtoexplorepotentialsolutionsforcleanair.LocalcouncillorswerealsoinvitedtotheCleanAirCafésinordertosupportadialoguebetweencommunitymembersandlocalpolicymakers,andresidentsfromoutsidetheareawereabletocomeandfindoutmoreaboutoptionsfortacklingairqualityissuesintheirownneighbourhood.

● WorkingwithlocalresidentstoinstallanetworkofairqualitysensorsontheirhomesacrosstheStDenysneighbourhood.ThesensorsweresourcedandinstalledbypartnersattheUniversityofSouthampton.

● Makingthelivedatafromtheairqualitysensorsavailableforthelocalcommunityandpolicymakerstoaccessandengagewiththroughtwoonlineportals(whichusedgraphsandamap)andtheBreathingSpaceswebsiteaswellasintegratingitintotheCleanAirCaféevents.

● Workingwithlocalresidentstorun‘OpenStreets’eventsintheStDenysareawhereresidentialstreetswereclosedtocarsonspecificdays.

● Invitingmembersofthelocalcommunitytoapplyforsmallbursaries(of£400)inordertocarryoutlocalprojectsoractivitiesthatsupportorspreadthewordaboutcleanair.Examplesofprojectsthatarebeingtakenforwardincludegreeningprojectsandaphotographyprojectaimedatincreasingawarenessofairquality.

● Formingpartnershipswitharangeoforganisationsandstakeholdersacrossthecitytopromotetheconversationaboutcleanairandencourageincreaseddialoguebetweenthelocalcommunityandlocalpolicy-makers.

1.2 BackgroundtotheevaluationNJResearch(anindependentsocialresearchconsultancy)wasappointedasalearningpartnertoBreathingSpacesinordertohelpbuildtheproject’sinternalmonitoringandevaluationcapacityandsupportitindesigninganddeliveringevaluationactivitiestohelpexploretheproject’simpact.

GiventhesmallscaleoftheBreathingSpacesproject,itwasimportantthattheevaluationactivityremainedproportionateanddidnotdetractfromtheteam’sabilitytodelivertheproject’scoreactivities.Theevaluationwasthereforedesignedtobelight-touchwithafocusonadvancingtheproject’slearningandexploringimpactwherepossible.Theproject’stheoryofchangewasusedasastartingpointfortheevaluationandameasurementframeworkwascreatedwhichidentifiedevaluationactivitieslinkedtosomeoftheproject’sintermediateoutcomes.Theevaluationsoughttoexploreviewsof:

● TheextenttowhichBreathingSpacesimpactedonknowledgeandviewsofcleanairissues● TheextenttowhichBreathingSpacesencouragedcollectivecommunityaction● TheextenttowhichBreathingSpacescreatedopportunitiesforpolicyinfluenceandco-

createdpolicy● WhatBreathingSpacesdidwell● WhatBreathingSpacescouldhaveimproved

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1.3 Methodology

TheaimwastodevelopevaluationactivitiesthatwoulddeliverasmuchevidenceaspossiblewhilebeingproportionateandacknowledgingtheresourceandtimeconstraintsoftheBreathingSpacesteam.Theevaluationwasthereforeguidedbytwokeyprinciples:

� ApragmaticcommitmenttoworkingcollaborativelyandmaximisingexistinginteractionsandengagementandtailoringtheevaluationactivityasmuchaspossibletomeasurementactivitiesalreadyunderwayorplannedbytheBreathingSpacesteam.

� Arealistapproach,meaningthatmeasurementactivitiesfocusedonexploringhowlocalresidentsandstakeholdersperceivedandreportedthatBreathingSpaceshadaffectedthem-ratherthanattemptingtomeasuretheseimpactsmoreobjectively.

EvaluationactivitieswerecarriedoutbyeitherNJResearchortheBreathingSpacesteamandfellinto5keystrands:

1. Alight-touchpre-andpost-papersurveyissuedatfourofthefiveCleanAirCafésexploringtheimpactoftheCafésonpeople’sknowledgeofcleanairissuesandtheirwillingnesstogetinvolved.

2. MonitoringdatacollectedbytheBreathingSpacesteamon:a. ThenumberofpeopleattendingtheCleanAirCafésb. ThenumberofpeopleengagingwiththevariousstrandsofBreathingSpaces’

activitiesc. ThenumberofpeopletakingactionasaresultofBreathingSpaces

3. AnonlinesurveyoflocalresidentsexploringviewsofBreathingSpacesanditsactivities.4. Afocusgroupwithlocalresidents.5. DepthinterviewswithstakeholderswhohadpartneredorengagedwiththeBreathing

Spacesprojectinsomeway.

Thisreportsummarisesthedataemergingfromallfiveevaluationstrands.Theresidents’focus,group,stakeholderinterviewsandresidentssurveyalltookplacebetweenOctoberandDecember2019.TheotherstrandswereongoingthroughoutthelifeoftheBreathingSpacesproject.

Datafromthefivestrandsofactivityaredrawnonthroughoutthisreportandarereferredtoas:

● ‘Focusgroupparticipants’(datafromtheresidents’focusgroupwitheightparticipantsthattookplaceinNovember2019);

● ‘Stakeholders’(datafromthedepthinterviewswithsevenBreathingSpaces’stakeholders);and

● ‘Surveyrespondents’(datafromtheonlinesurveyoflocalresidentsthatraninAutumn2019).

Toilluminatethedescriptiveandexplanatorydatapresented,anonymisedverbatimquotesfrombothresidentsandstakeholdersareintegratedthroughoutthereport.Itshouldbenotedthatresponsetothesurveywaslow(just56completeresponsescomparedtothepopulationofStDenyswhichhasover1000households)andthatitwasnotpossibletocalculatearesponserate.Similarly,thesamplingapproachesforthequalitativeworkwerenotfullypurposiveandsothedatapresentedinthisreportshouldbeconsideredasindicativeratherthanrepresentative.

AfullerexplanationofthemethodologyincludingsamplingapproachesandresponsetothesurveycanbefoundinAppendixA.

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2. KnowledgeofBreathingSpacesandcleanairissuesThissectionlooksatresidents’andstakeholders’understandingofandengagementwithbothBreathingSpacesandcleanairissuesmorebroadly.ItstartsbyexploringunderstandingofBreathingSpaces’aimsbeforeexploringlevelsofengagementwiththeproject.Itthenturnstoknowledgeofcleanairissuesandtheinfluencethattheprojecthadonresidents’andstakeholders’understandingofthesubject.ItconcludesbyexploringknowledgeofandviewsaroundthesensordatathatBreathingSpacesgenerated.

2.1UnderstandingofBreathingSpaces

UnderstandingofBreathingSpaces’objectiveswasmixed.Nearlytwothirds(61%)ofsurveyrespondentsfeltthattheyunderstoodwhatBreathingSpaceswastryingtoachieve,howeveranotherthird(33%)indicatedthattheydidnotunderstanditwell.Partofthisdifferenceinunderstandingislikelytobetodowiththewaysinwhichlocalresidentsengagedwiththeproject;whethertheyattendedaCleanAirCafé,visitedthewebsiteorasocialmediapageorsimplyheardaboutitbywordofmouth.However,it’salsolikelytobeinparttodowithviewsofBreathingSpaces’communicationswhichdividedrespondentsalongsimilarlineswith67%thinkingthatBreathingSpaceswascommunicatingwiththemeffectivelyand17%thinkingthatcommunicationshadnotbeeneffective.

Diagram2:Residents’understandingofBreathingSpaces’objectives

Base:59respondents(total=101%duetorounding)

2.2LevelsofengagementwithBreathingSpaces

Theprojectteam’sownmonitoringdatasuggeststhatover250peoplewereinvolvedwiththeprojectduringtheyearthatitofficiallyran.ThisincludesattendeesatthesixCleanAirCaféevents;residentswhogotinvolvedwithdeliveringflyers,helpingtohostcafés,sharingairqualitydataor

20%

41%

19%

14%

7%

Howwell,ifatall,doyoufeelyouunderstandwhatBreathingSpacesistryingtoachieve?

Verywell Fairlywell Notverywell Notatallwell Don'tknow/notsure

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informationabouttheproject;localresidents,communityorganisationsorbusinesseswhoofferedtohostanairqualitysensorontheirbuilding;attendeesatlocalstreetclosuresandthosewhohelpedorganise,stewardorprovideactivities,entertainmentorrefreshmentsattheseevents;andthestronglysupportedresident-ledbursaryprojects.ItisworthnotingthatthisnumberisanestimatesinceitwasnotpossiblefortheBreathingSpacesteamtoidentifywhichindividualshadgotinvolvedwithmorethanoneelementoftheproject.However,attendanceattheeventsthattheteamranwasgoodwithanestimated100attendeesatthefirstReclaimtheStreetseventinJuly2019andafurther50peopleturningupforasecondOpenStreetseventinDecember.ThiseventwasprecededbyacreativeworkshopwhereresidentswereinvitedtomakefestivewindowdecorationsfortheOpenStreetseventandthisattractedaround20people,includingfamilies.AttendanceattheCleanAirCaféeventsalsodemonstratesthatthelocalcommunitywaswellengaged(seetable1,below).Despitethefactthatnumberstaperedslightlyastheprojectprogressed,theBreathingSpacesteamrecordedthatoutofthe28participantswhoattendedthefinalcaféevent,eightwerenewattendeeswhohadnotpreviouslybeentooneoftheeventssuggestingthattheprojectwasstillreachinganewaudienceatthepointthatthelastCleanAirCafétookplace.

Table1:AttendanceatCleanAirCaféevents

Cafénumber Café1 Café2 Café3 Drop-in Café4 Café5Numberofpeoplewhoattended

45

46

23 28

30

28

TheBreathingSpacesteamalsoaskedattendeesattheCleanAirCaféstoindicateonamapwheretheyhadcomefrominordertomeasurethereachoftheCafés.WhilenoteveryonewhoattendedtheCaféstookpartinthisexercise,engagementwashighenoughfortheteamtodeterminethatattendeescamefromacrosstheStDenysareaandbeyond.TheteamalsorecordedinterestfromindividualsindifferentneighbourhoodsacrossthecityduringthecourseoftheprojectandtheBreathingSpacesteamwasaskedtospeakatarangeofeventsbydifferentgroupsacrossSouthampton.ThissuggeststhatengagementwiththeBreathingSpacesprojectwasnotjustlimitedtospecificstreetsorpollutionhotspots,orindeedtheStDenysareaalonebutwaseffectivelyreachingpeoplefromotherareasofthecity.

2.3Knowledgeofcleanairissues

Justunderhalf(49%)ofsurveyrespondentsconsideredthemselvestobeknowledgeableaboutairqualityissuesinSouthampton.Afurther49%consideredthemselvestoknowalittleaboutairqualityissues.Itisworthnotingthatthosewhorespondedtothesurveyaremorelikelytobeengagedwithandknowledgeableaboutairqualityissuessothesefindingscannotbeconsideredtoberepresentativeofthelocalpopulation.Likewise,thoseresidentswhoattendedthefocusgroupwerebydefinitionalreadyengagedwiththeissuestoatleastsomeextent.However,knowledgeamongfocusgroupparticipantswasvariable.Whilesomeinthegrouphadveryhighlevelsofknowledgeaboutcleanairissuesandunderstoodsomeofthesciencebehindit,others’knowledgewasmorelimited.Poorhealthhadpromptedaninterestincleanairamongsomeofthefocusgroupparticipantssincetheylinkedtheirissuestolocalpollution.Inonecaseaparticipant’sasthmawasthoughttohavebeenaggravatedbypollutionlevels,inanotheraparticipantattributedalingeringcoughtothelevelsofpollutionontheirroadandsurroundingareas.

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‘Youcanliterally,onoccasion,tastetheairinthiscommunityit’ssodisgustingattimes.'

(FocusGroupParticipant6)

2.4TheinfluenceofBreathingSpacesonunderstandingofcleanairissues

Theevidencesuggeststhatinitsyearofdeliveringactivities,BreathingSpacesstartedtoplayaroleineducatingthelocalcommunityaboutairqualityissues.BreathingSpaceswasidentifiedasoneofthesourcesofknowledgeoncleanairissuesby44%ofsurveyrespondents.Otherpopularsourceswerenews(identifiedby68%)andsocialmedia(59%).ThissuggeststhatwhileBreathingSpacesishavinganinfluenceonpeople’sknowledge,itunsurprisinglyhasnotreplacedtheusualsourcesthatpeoplewouldturntoforinformation.OvertwothirdsofsurveyrespondentsalsothoughtthatBreathingSpaceshadbeeneffectiveinencouragingthecommunitytothinkaboutcleanerairandhealthierstreets(22%veryeffectiveand46%fairlyeffective).

Diagram3:Howsurveyrespondentsindicatedtheygottheirknowledgeofcleanairissues

Base:59respondents–respondentswereabletoidentifymorethanoneoption

TheBreathingSpacesteamalsoranaquickpaper-basedpollforparticipantstocompleteatthebeginningandendoffouroftheCleanAirCafés.Giventhatonlysomeattendeescompletedthepollandgiventherelativelyhighattritionbetweenthepre-andpost-surveys,theresultsoftheseprovidenomorethanageneralindicationofviews.However,ateachoftheCaféstheproportionofpollrespondentswhofelttheykneweither‘agreatdeal’or‘afairamount’aboutairpollutionissueseitherstayedthesameorincreasedfollowingtheCafé(seediagram4,below).Thissuggeststhat,inatleastsomecases,participantswereleavingtheeventsfeelingthattheyknewmoreaboutairpollutionissuesthanwhentheyarrived.

68%

59%

44%41%

19%14%

0%

10%

20%

30%

40%

50%

60%

70%

80%

Newsarkclesorothersources

Socialmedia EngagementwithBreathing

Spaces

Friends,relakvesorcolleagues

Involvementwithotherlocalornakonalgroupsor

communikes

Other

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Diagram4:CleanAirCaféparticipants’knowledgeofairpollutionissuesbeforeandafterCafés

SomeofthestakeholdersinterviewedalsoidentifiedBreathingSpacesashavingcontributedtotheirknowledgeofairqualityissues.OneidentifieditasanareathattheyhadlonghadaninterestinbutcreditedBreathingSpaceswithpresentingtheinformationinawaythatenabledthemtounderstandandrelatetoitbetter;

'Ihavetobehonest;IhavelearntalotmorethroughbeinginvolvedwithBreathingSpaces

becausethewayinwhichtheyhavebeencollectinginformationanddatahasbeenreallyeye

openingforme.'(StakeholderD)

FocusgroupparticipantsindicatedthattheyhadalsofoundBreathingSpacestobeahelpfulsourceofinformationparticularlythroughtheCleanAirCafés.OtherparticipantswhoconsideredthemselvestoalreadyhaveareasonableknowledgeaboutairqualityissuessuggestedthatwhileBreathingSpaceshadnotnecessarilyincreasedtheirknowledge,whatithaddonewastoprovideaspaceforlike-mindedpeopletocometogetheranddiscoverwhoelseintheareawasinterestedintheissueandexplorepotentialsolutions.

'Ithinkthepointismanyofusmaynothavelearntagreatdealifwe'vealreadygotalotof

knowledgebutwhatwehavediscoveredisalltheothergroupsthathavebeeninvolved...and

bringingpeopletogetherwherewe'vebeenabletothenswapthecontactdetailsandsay

'right,okwecanengagewithyou...wecanhopetoimprovesomeaspectsoftheairquality.'(FocusGroupParticipant6)

ThisviewwasechoedbysomeofthestakeholderswhofeltthatBreathingSpaceshadplayedanimportantroleinenhancinglocalengagementwiththeissueandinprovidingsupporttothosewhowantedtogetmoreinvolvedwiththeissues;

'Ithinkthosewhowerealreadyengagedareabitmoreengaged.'(StakeholderA)

34%

58%53%

75%80%

58% 59%

90%

0%10%20%30%40%50%60%70%80%90%100%

Café1 Café2 Café3 Café4

Howmuch,ifanything,wouldyousayyouknowaboutair

polluDonissuesinStDenys?

Before Aler

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ItisclearthereforethatBreathingSpacesdidhaveanimpactonsomepeople’sknowledgeofcleanairissuesbutalsothatitplayedanimportantroleinraisingawarenessoftheissuesgenerallyandcreatingmomentumbyconnectinglocalresidentswhowerealreadyinterestedinairqualityorwiderenvironmentalissues.

2.5Viewsofthesensordata

AkeycomponentoftheBreathingSpacesprojectwastheinstallationofairqualitysensorsacrosstheStDenysneighbourhood.Theaimwastogeneratenew,relevantdataforthelocalcommunityandwiderstakeholderstoengagewithsothatthelocalconversationcouldbebasedonsolid,real-timeevidence.TheUniversityofSouthamptonvolunteeredtopartnerwithBreathingSpacesandsourceanddeploytwelvemulti-sensorboxesacrossthelocalarea.TheUniversityteamthenworkedinpartnershipwithSolentUniversitytoworkondatavisualisations.Bytheendof2019,tenofthetwelvemulti-sensorboxeshadbeendeployed.Theteamencounteredanumberofchallengesarounddeployingsensorsandcollectingdata.Theseincludedfindingenoughsuitablehomesforthesensors,delaystoinstallingsensorsbecauseofpeople’savailabilityandatonepoint,floodinginthelocalarea,andanumberoftechnicalissuesrelatedtocapturingdatafromthesensors.ItwassuggestedbysomeofthestakeholdersinterviewedthatotherchallengesarosefromthefactthattheUniversityofSouthamptonteamwasbothverybusyandinvolvedintheprojectonaprobonobasiswhichmeantthat,despitetheteam’sevidentcommitmenttotheproject,theyhadcompetingpriorities.

'Ithinkthechallengeofasmallorganisationworkingwithabiguniversityisjustthat,theyare

oneofhowevermanyprojectsthey'vegotgoing.'(StakeholderG)

ThechallengeswithgettingthesensorsinstalledandprocessingthedatatoapointwhereitcouldbecommunicatedtothepublicmeantthattherewasrelativelylittletimeforBreathingSpacestopromotethesensordata.Consequently,awarenessofthesensordatawaslowatthepointthattheevaluationactivitiestookplace.Just28%ofsurveyrespondentssaidtheyknewaboutthesensordatathatBreathingSpaceswascollecting.Afurtherquarterofrespondentsfelttheyknewjustalittleaboutthisactivity.Amongthefocusgroupparticipants,awarenessofthedatawasmixed,somehadclearlysoughtoutandengagedwiththedataalready,whileothershadheardnothingaboutit.

Thefocusgroupparticipantswereshownsomegraphsgeneratedbythesensordataandaskedtosharetheirviewsofthem.Responsewasdivided,withsomeparticipantsclearlyfindingthemeasytointerpret(thisincludedthosewhohadseenthegraphsbefore)andothersstrugglingtounderstandexactlywhatthegraphsrepresented.ThosewhowerelessfamiliarwiththattypeofdataquestionedwhatPM2.5andPM10stoodforandwereunsureexactlywhatthepeaksinthegraphrepresented.Somestakeholdersalsoindicatedthattheyfelttheyhadnotfullyunderstoodthedatatheyhadseenyeteither.Itisworthnoting,however,thatfocusgroupparticipantswereonlyshownthegraphsastheyappearontheBreathingSpacesdataportal(seeimage1,below)andnotthetextthataccompaniesitontheBreathingSpaces’websiteandwhichprovidesguidanceonhowtoreadthegraphs.

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Image1:Samplegraphshowntofocusgroupparticipants

Whenaskedhowtheywouldliketoseethesensordatapresented,focusgroupparticipantsfeltthatitwouldbehelpfultohavesomesortofbenchmarksothatuserscoulddeterminehowusualthepollutionlevelswere.ResidentswithascientificbackgroundsuggestedthatTheUniversityofSouthamptonhadprobablybeenreluctanttoaddinanysortofcomparisonasitcouldbemisleadingandtheBreathingSpacesteamconfirmedthattheirfocushadbeenonmonitoringthetrendsinthedataratherthantheexactlevelsofpollution.However,therewasageneralconsensuswithinthefocusgroupthatwithouthavingsomewidercontext,howevertentative,thedatacouldfeelalittlemeaningless.

Overall,thefocusgroupparticipantswereverysupportiveoftheideaofcapturinganddisplayingsensordata.Itwasfeltthatmoreshouldbedonetopromotethedata(suggestionsincludeddisplayingthedatainlocalDoctor’ssurgeriesandschools),andthatitwashugelyimportanttogetthemessageouttopeopleaboutjusthowdamagingpollutioncouldbe;

‘Ifeveryonereallyhadablackandwhitepictureofthescience,noonewouldbedrivinga

car,noonewouldbejumpingonplanesandflying,we'dallbechangingourlifestyle,it's

gettingthatacross.'(FocusGroupParticipant5)

Stakeholderssharedthisviewandfeltthatgettingthesensordataouttoawidergroupofpeoplewasapriority.Someweresurprisedtolearnfromthedatathatparticulatematterdidnotjustclusteraroundmainroadsbutthatitspreadmorewidelyacrossanarea.Theyfeltthatthisdemonstratedthatairpollutionwassomethingthataffectedeveryoneandthatitwasthereforeimportanttomakebestpossibleuseofthedataavailable.Itwassuggestedthatinvolvinggraphicdesignersinthepresentationofthedatacouldhelpwithgettingitintoaformatthatresonatedmorestronglywiththegeneralpublic.

Ofthesurveyrespondentsthatsaidtheyhadseenthesensordata,83%saidthatitmotivatedthemtotakeactionforcleanair,withafurther13%sayingthatithadmotivatedthemjustalittle.Whilethesefiguressuggestthatthesensordatahadalargeinfluenceonthosewhointeractedwithit,theyshouldbeinterpretedwithcaution,sincethenumberswhoindicatedtheyhadseenthedatawere

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low(just30respondents)anditislikelythatanyonewhosoughtoutthedatawaspredisposedtoconsiderbothcleanairissuesandtheirownactions.

Keylearningpoints

! Whiletherolethattheprojectplayedininformingresidentsaboutcleanairissueswasseenasimportant,itsroleinbringingtogetherlocalresidentswhowerealreadywellinformedaboutcleanairissuesbuthadnotconnectedwitheachotherbefore,wasseenasequallybeneficial.Anyfutureactivityfromtheprojectshouldacknowledgetheimportanceofthisfacilitativeroleincreatingmomentumandstrengtheninglocalconnections.

! Therewasconsiderablesupportforthesensordataandtheroleitcanplayinincreasingawarenessandunderstandingofcleanairissues.However,itmaybeusefulfortheteamtoexploreothermeansofdisseminatingthedata.Thiswouldmakeiteasierforthoselessfamiliarwiththescientifictermsusedtoengagewithitandincreasetheopportunitiesforthedatatoreachalargeraudience.

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3. CreatingCollectiveCommunityActionAkeyobjectiveoftheBreathingSpacesprojectwastoencouragecollectivecommunityactionaroundcleanair.ThissectionlooksatperceptionsaroundcurrentlevelsofcommunityactionamongresidentsbeforeexploringtheinfluencethatBreathingSpaceswasperceivedtohaveonlocalaction.Itconcludesbyidentifyingsomeofthechallengesandbarrierstoachievingcollectivecommunityaction.

3.1 Currentlevelsofcommunityaction

Viewsonhowactivethelocalcommunitywasinrelationtocleanairweredivided.30%ofsurveyrespondentsthoughtthattheircommunitywastakingagreatdealorfairamountofactiontoimprovelocalairqualitywithoverhalf(53%)believingthattheircommunitywasonlytakingalittleactiontoimprovelocalairquality.Afurther12%thoughtthatthecommunitywastakingnoaction.

Only27%ofsurveyrespondentsindicatedthattheypersonallyhadgotinvolvedwithactiontosupportcleanairwithafurther53%indicatingthattheyhadgotinvolved‘justalittle’(seediagram5below).

Diagram5:Extenttowhichsurveyrespondentsfelttheyhadgotinvolvedwithactiontosupportcleanair.

Base:59Respondents

7%

20%

53%

20%

Agreatdeal Afairamount Justalimle Notatall

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3.2 TheimpactofBreathingSpacesoncollectivecommunityaction

TheevidencesuggeststhatthereweretwocorewaysinwhichBreathingSpacesinfluencedcommunityaction;bycreatingopportunitiesforactiontotakeplace,andbyencouragingengagementwithcommunityaction.Theseareexploredinturnbelow.

3.2.1Creatingopportunitiesforcommunityaction

Theresidents’surveyaskedrespondentswhohadgotinvolvedwithactionforcleanairwhattheyhaddone.Spreadingthewordaboutcleanairissuestofriendsandfamilywasthemostcommonformofactivity(66%),withinvolvementinBreathingSpacescomingsecondat33%andafurther24%indicatingtheirinvolvementintheBreathingSpacesbursaryprojects.Sharingexperiencesofairqualityissueswithothercommunitieswasalsopopularwithjustunderathird(31%)ofrespondentsindicatingthatthiswassomethingtheyhaddone.ThissuggeststhatBreathingSpacessuccessfullycreatedopportunitiesforresidentstogetinvolvedinactionforcleanair.

BreathingSpaces’owndatasuggestthatatleast150peoplefromthelocalcommunityhavetakenforwardactionsfromtheirinvolvementwiththeBreathingSpacesproject.ThisincludesactiveandcontinuedparticipationinCleanAirCaféstoshareandmapairqualityconcerns,discussandshortlistpotentialsolutionsandpledgeindividualactions;hostingsensorsandsharingairqualitydata,andhelpingtoorganiseandpromoteBreathingSpaceseventsespeciallytheOpenStreetsinitiative.

ThebursaryprojectsthatBreathingSpacesranprovidedauniqueopportunityforresidentstogetinvolvedwithactionforcleanair.InJune2019,theprojectteamaskedlocalresidentstocomeupwithideasforsmallprojectswhichrespondedtoairpollutionandpromotedhealthierstreets.Fundingofupto£400perprojectwasavailableandawiderangeofideasweregenerated.Theseincludedaphotographyproject,amural,afilm,ariverfestivalandregreeningprojects.TheremainderofthebursarymoneywasspentontakingagroupofresidentsonastudytouroftheWalthamForest‘MiniHolland’scheme,inordertosupportSouthamptonCityCouncil’slow-trafficneighbourhoodinitiative.Thebursariesenabledlocalresidentswhomightotherwisenothavegotinvolvedwithactionforcleanairtoparticipateinawaythatfeltmeaningfultothem.Theseprojectsarealsoongoing,meaningthatBreathingSpacesisstillactiveinthecommunitydespitehavingcometotheendofitsfundingterm(seeAppendixBforfulllistofbursaryprojects).

Theproject’smonitoringdatasuggestthattherangeofpeoplegettinginvolvedincommunityactionhasbeenrelativelydiverseandhasincludedprofessionals,familiesandolderresidents.Whileitisnotpossibletoverifythesefiguresortoidentifytheextentoftheproject’sreachinrelationtothelocalpopulation,itiscertainlytruethatBreathingSpacesprovidedlocalresidentswithopportunitiestogetinvolvedwithactionforcleanairthattheymightotherwisenothavehadandthatatleastsomelocalresidentsengagedwiththoseopportunities.

3.2.2Encouragingengagementwithcommunityaction

Thesurveydatasuggeststhatsomepeopleconsidertheretohavebeenanincreaseincommunityactionforcleanairwith48%ofresidentsindicatingthattheythoughtactivityhadincreasedinthelastyear,thetimeperiodoverwhichthemainBreathingSpacesactivitieswererun.Afurther37%ofrespondentsthoughtthatcommunityactionhadincreasedjustalittle.Whilethissuggeststhattherewassomeperceivedincreaseinactivityduringthetimethattheprojectran,itdoesnotprovideanyfirmevidencethatthisperceivedincreasewasattributabletoBreathingSpaces.

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ThepapersurveycarriedoutbytheBreathingSpacesteam,however,providesanindicativesenseoftheproject’sabilitytoencourageengagementwithcommunityaction.ThesecondquestiononthepollcarriedoutatfouroftheCleanAirCafésaskedparticipantsatthebeginningandendoftheCafétoindicatehowlikelytheywouldbetogetinvolvedwithcommunityactionforcleanerair.NoteveryonewhoattendedtheCleanAirCaféstookpartinthispollsotheresultsarenotrepresentativeofallCaféparticipants.However,oneachofthefourpollsthepercentageofparticipantswhoconsideredthemselvestobe‘verylikely’togetinvolvedincommunityactionforcleanairincreasedslightlyfollowingtheirattendanceattheCafé,whichsuggeststhattheCafésplayedaroleinincreasingpeople’smotivationtogetinvolvedatleastsomeofthetime.

Thequalitativeevidenceisabletoexplorethisissueinalittlemoredetail.TherewerestakeholdersandlocalresidentswhofeltthatBreathingSpaceshadhelpedtocreatemomentumamongtheStDenyscommunityandencouragedincreasedactivity.Somestakeholdersspokeabouthowwelltheprojecthadhelpedthecommunitytoconnectandengage;

'Itdemonstratesthatwithlow-levelinterventionlikethis,withverysmallamountsofmoney

tobackitup,youcangetarealvisiblesenseofcommunitybuilding,connectionandconcrete

outcomes,peoplereallyaredoingstuff.’(StakeholderB)

'Ithinkit'sgreatactually,I'malittlesurprisedathowwellit'sgotacommunityengaged.'(StakeholderE)

FocusgroupparticipantsalsospokeaboutthevalueofBreathingSpacesinencouragingcommunityactionbybringingpeopletogether.

'That'swhatI'velearntfromthesemeetings,it'snotthatI'velearntanythingtechnicalabout

pollution(I'mnotsayingIknowitall)butwhatI'vereallylearntfromthesemeetingsisthat

thereareotherpeople,notjustme,whoarewillingtooccasionally,youknow,getupoff

theirchairsandcometoameetinglikethisandseewhatcanbedone.That'sthemainthing

I'vegotfromthiswhichisreallyimportant.'(FocusGroupParticipant4)

3.3Challengesaroundencouragingcollectivecommunityaction

WhilethequalitativedatasuggeststhatBreathingSpacesdidencouragesomecommunityaction,italsopointedtothefactthatthisactionwaslimitedbyarangeoffactors.

Partofthechallengewasthoughttobethefactthatawarenessofandengagementwiththeprojectwasnotyetextensiveenoughtoencouragehighlevelsofcollectivecommunityaction.Whilesomeresidentsspokeabouthowtheyhadspreadthewordaboutcleanairissues,othersindicatedthattheywerelesscomfortabledoingsoandthatfeltthatchallengeswithgettingthewordoutwereabarriertocollectiveaction;

‘Ithinkit’sreallyhardtopassonwhatyou’velearnedandwhat’sgoingon.’(FocusGroupParticipant2)

Likewise,itwasfeltthattherewasalimittothenumberoflocalresidentswhowouldgetinvolved.Somestakeholderspointedoutthattherewouldalwaysberesidentswhofeltthatthemajorproblemslaywiththedocksandairportandthereforethattheirbehaviourwouldnotmakeadifference.ThisviewwasechoedbysomefocusgroupparticipantswhofeltthattherewaslimitedvalueinStDenysresidentstakingactionifotherareasofthecitywerenotdoinganything.

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‘It’sagoodinitiativebutitalsomakesthelackofpowerofthecommunityvisiblebecause

peoplearereallyawarethat…alotofthepollutioniscomingfromothersandit’sbeyond

theircontrol.’(FocusGroupParticipant1)

WhatthesefindingssuggestisthatBreathingSpacesdidhaveanimpactoncommunityaction,bothbycreatingnewopportunitiesforlocalresidentswhowerealreadypredisposedtogetinvolvedandbyreachingouttonewresidents.Itisnotpossibletomeasuretheextentofthisaction,howevertheevidencesuggeststhatwhattheprojectwasabletoachievewaslimitedbyBreathingSpaces’shortlifespanandsmallareafocus.ResidentsandstakeholdersalikefeltthattheprojectwouldneedmoretimetobeabletobuildthemomentumnecessarytoencouragemoreactivitywithintheStDenyscommunityandbeyond.

Keylearningpoints

! Providingarangeofwaysforresidentstoengagewiththeprojectwasagoodwayofencouragingactivityandincreasingthediversityofpeoplewhoengaged.Anyfutureiterationsoftheprojectshouldaimtokeeptheoptionsforengagementbroad.

! Whiletheprojectmadeinroadsintoincreasingcommunityaction,thisissomethingthatbuildsovertime.Theprojectcouldneverhavehopedtoachieveahighlevelofcommunityactioninitsshortlifespan.Continuingtheprojectinsomeformwouldallowforthemomentumthatitgeneratedtobuildfurther.

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4. InfluencingPolicyBreathingSpaces’secondkeyobjectivewastoinfluencepolicyconversationsaroundcleanairandtocreateopportunitiesforresidentstoengagewithpolicymakerstoincreaselevelsofco-producedandevidence-basedlocalcleanairpolicy.Thissectionlooksatperceptionsofpolicymakers’activityaroundcleanairissuesandexploresthewaysinwhichBreathingSpacesmighthaveinfluencedthisactivity.Itthenturnstoviewsofco-producedpolicyandtherolethatBreathingSpacesplayedincommunityengagementwithpolicymaking.

4.1 Actionbypolicymakersaroundcleanair

Therewasaclearsensefromresidentsthatpoliticiansarenottakingactiontoimproveairquality,withoverhalfofsurveyrespondentssayingthattheythoughtcouncillors,politiciansandotherpolicymakerswereonlytakingalittleaction(53%)andafurther31%thinkingthattheywerenottakinganyactionatall.Just16%ofrespondentsthoughtthatlocalpoliticiansandpolicymakersweretakingsomeaction.Focusgroupparticipantsfeltthatsomelocalpolicymakerswereengagedwiththeideaofcleanairbutthatthisdidnotoftentranslateintoactionorifitdid,thenthatactiontendedtobeveryslowtohappen.

4.1.1 TheimpactofBreathingSpacesonlocalpolicy

Surveyrespondentswereaskedtoconsidertheextenttowhichactionbylocalcouncillors,politiciansandotherpolicymakerstoimproveairqualityhadincreasedinthelastyear,theperiodoftimeoverwhichthemainBreathingSpacesactivitiesweredelivered.Only10%ofresidentsthoughtthatactionhadincreasedwithafurther44%feelingasthoughtherehadbeenalittlemoreaction.However,justunderathirdfeltthattherehadbeennoincreaseinactivitybypoliticiansatall.

WhilethissuggeststhatresidentsdidnotseeanylargedifferencestolocalpolicyactivityinthetimethatBreathingSpacesran,researchwithstakeholders,manyofwhomwereclosertothepolicymakingprocess,suggeststhattheimpactofBreathingSpacesonpolicymakerswasevidentinotherways.StakeholdersspokeabouthowBreathingSpaceshadorganisedStDenysresidentsinawaythatgavetheareamoreweightandthattheincreasedsenseofcommunityactionandresidentengagementhadputpressureonthecouncilandforcedthemtoconsidercleanairissuesmoreclosely.

‘Wheneverthere'salargegroupofresidentsinoneplaceittendstomakepoliticianssitup

andnotice.'(StakeholderA)

'ItdoesfeellikeStDenysnowasanareathroughthisproject,seemstobegettingonthe

mapandgettingontheradarofthecouncilasanareatosortofexploreasfarasair

pollutionandenvironmentalinterest.'(StakeholderG)

ItwasalsosuggestedthathavingtheStDenyscommunityasatangibleexampleofthewaysthatacommunitycouldengagewiththeideaofcleanairpolicyhelpedtosendamorepersuasivemessagetothelocalcouncil;

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'YouhavetolookatBreathingSpacesasacatalyst,therehavebeendiscussionbetween,for

instance,SouthamptonUniversityandtheirdatacollectionandthecouncilaroundsharingdata

andpassingdataon,soinasense,againthoseconversationsmighthavehappenedanyway,in

factalreadydid,butwhatBreathingSpacesdidisit'smadeitreal,it'smadeitintosomething

theycansay'weareactuallydoingsomethingonthegroundandthisreallyisacommunity

that'sinvolved,andtherereallyarevoterswhohaveexpressedaninterest'.Soitturnsitfroma

technicaldiscussionthatyoumighthavewithofficialswhoarevaguelyinterestedtoactuallythe

councilareinterestedandthereforethere'spoliticalmotivationtomakesomethinghappen.'(StakeholderC)

ThefactthatStDenyswasanareathathadahighlevelofcommunityengagementwasalsooneofthereasonscitedbythelocalcounciltotheprojectteamforitsselectionofthearea(outofapossible85neighbourhoods)foranewsurveyitlaunched,focusedongatheringresidents’viewsaboutimprovingthelocalarea.

BreathingSpaces’widereachandconnectionstoarangeofgroups,includinglocalcouncillorsandlocalbusinessesaswellasresidentswasalsofeltbystakeholderstohavecreatedtherightconditionsforinfluencingpolicy.

However,therewasalsoarecognitionthattherewasalimitedamountthattheprojectcouldachieveinayearinrelationtopolicyinfluenceandthatmakingthecaseforsomethingwasonlyonepartofthepolicy-makingprocess.FocusgroupparticipantspointedouthowlongitcouldtakeforthingstochangewithinalocalcouncilandfeltthatforBreathingSpacestoreallyhaveanimpactonpolicy,itwouldneedlonger.

'Whatitmeansisthatwitha12-monthproject,youcan'texpecttogetveryfar,youreallyneed

thatbitmoretime.'(FocusGroupParticipant5)

4.2 Communityengagementwithpolicymakers

SomeresidentsinthefocusgrouphadmadecontactwiththeirlocalcouncillorsorMemberofParliament.However,therewasasensethatthecontactwaslargelyoneway,withresidentsapproachingthem.TheexceptiontothiswasattheBreathingSpacesCleanAirCafésandOpenStreetseventsatwhichsomeofthelocalcouncillorshadbeenpresent,whichsuggeststhattheprojectdidmanagetoprovidesomeopportunitiesforresidentstoengagewithpolicymakers.

4.2.1 Co-productionofpolicymaking

OneofBreathingSpaces’objectiveswastoincreasethelevelofco-productionofpolicymakinginthelocalarea.Measuringtheextenttowhichthisdidordidnothappenischallenging,howeveritispossibletoexplorewhetherresidentsandstakeholdersfeltthiswasgoingintherightdirection.

Thesurveyandfocusgroupdatasuggestthatresidentsfeltthattheirinvolvementinlocalpolicymakingwaslimited.80%ofsurveyrespondentsindicatedthattheyhadnotbeenaskedtoprovideopinionsorevidencetolocalcouncillors,politiciansorotherpolicymakersaroundcleanairwithonly7%feelingthattheyhad.Focusgroupparticipantsechoedthisviewandspokeaboutfeelingasthoughtherewasverylittleco-productionofpolicy.Wherethelocalcouncilaskedfortheirviews,thiswasseenasmoreofatickboxexercise,withresidentscitingaconsultationtheyhadbeen

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involvedwhichaskedtheirviewsaboutwhethermoretreesshouldbeplantedinthecityandwhichwasneverfollowedup;

‘Somanyofusfillinthesequestionnairesforthecity,andthenyoumaynothearanything

subsequently.'(FocusGroupParticipant6)

Whileresidentsfeltthattheydidnotcurrentlyhaveadirectimpactonlocalpolicy,somestakeholdersindicatedthatthingswerechangingandthatBreathingSpaceswasopeningthedoortogenuineco-production.StakeholderssuggestedthatthecouncilhadrecognisedthatStDenyswasanactiveandconcernedcommunityandthatthisgavethecouncilconfidencetoreachouttothatcommunityandexploreideassuchasanactivetravelzoneandtoaskthelocalpopulationtoworkwiththem.ThesestakeholdersfeltthatBreathingSpaceswashelpingthecounciltolearnhowtobeaco-creatorandco-producerofcleanairpolicy.

'Iamquitesatisfiedthatthisisarealopportunityforlocalresidentstobeinvolvedwiththe

policymaking.'(StakeholderA)

TheCouncilitselfalsoreflectedontherolethatBreathingSpaceshadplayedinconnectingitwiththelocalcommunitywhileitexploredproposalsforthenewactivetravelzone;

‘BreathingSpaceshavebeenakeylinkfortheCityCouncilintheearlystagesofdeveloping

proposalsforanActiveTravelZone.Theyhaveaidedourcommunicationwithkeygroups

andprovidedvaluableinsightsthathavehelpedtostrengthenthecaseforaschemeofthis

nature,highlightingtheimpactsfeltbylocalresidentsinrelationtoairqualityandtraffic

congestion.Theirongoinginvolvementwillbeimportantinshapingtheschemeandgivinga

platformforelementsofthecommunitytoairtheirviews’.(GreenCityandInfrastructureteam,SouthamptonCityCouncil,byemailtotheBreathingSpacesteam)

RecentactivityaroundthecreationofaGreenCityCharterforSouthamptonwasseenalsoasevidencethatthecouncilwasworkinginamorecollaborativeway.SomestakeholdersfeltthatBreathingSpaceshadbecomeavoiceforthecommunityatdiscussionsaroundtheGreenCityCharterandthattheyhadquitealotofinfluenceonthecouncil’sdecisionsinrelationtotheCharter.Itwassuggestedthatthismodelofconsultation,involvingcommunitygroupslikeBreathingSpaces,wassomethingthatmightbedrawnonforthefutureasanexampleofgoodpractice.

However,thisviewwasnotsharedbyallstakeholders,someofwhomweremorecynicalaboutthecouncil’sactivityaroundtheGreenCityCharterandfeltthatthecouncilwerenotgenuinelyinvestedintheprocess.Thesestakeholderssuggestedthatco-producingpolicywiththecouncilwasdifficultbecauseofthewaythatthecouncilwasstructured;

‘It'sverychallengingtogetthecounciltosortofcollaborateandworkinacollaborativeway.

Theyareveryunderfundedbutalsoverycompartmentalisedsoit'sverydifficulttogetthem

toseethatbuildingsandtrafficandgreenenergyandgreenpoliciesarelinkedsometimes

theydon'tseemtohavediscussionsacrossthedepartments.'(StakeholderD)

Thisevidencesuggeststhatthereareexamplesofpolicyco-productiontakingplaceandthatBreathingSpaceshashadaroleinbothcreatingopportunitiesforco-productionandcontributingtoit.However,theprojecthadaveryshortperiodoftimetomakeanimpactandtheevidencesuggeststhatthisimpactwasnotyetfeltbysomelocalresidentsandstakeholders.ItisalsopossiblethatBreathingSpacesdidnotexistforlongenoughforresidentstorecognisetheprojectasapotentialmouthpieceforcommunityviewsandasavehicleforengagementwithpolicymakers.

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Moresignificantimpactonpolicyco-productionmaythereforeonlycomeifBreathingSpacesweretocontinueintothefuture.

Keylearningpoints

! BreathingSpaceshadafruitfulthree-prongedapproachtoinfluencingpolicywhichincludeddirectprojectteam-levelconversationswithpolicymakers,generatinghigherlevelsofcommunityaction,andcreatingopportunitiesforresidentstoconnectwithkeystakeholders.Allthreeelementsareimportantandshouldbecontinuediftheprojectseeksmorefunding.

! MeasuringimpactonpolicyischallengingparticularlysincechangestothepolicymakingprocesstaketimebothtoimplementandtotrickledowntoresidentsoflocalareassuchasStDenys.Anyfuturemeasurementactivityshouldcontinuetotakeaccountofthisbymeasuringtheviewsofbothstakeholdersandlocalresidentsbutacknowledgingthatstakeholderswilllikelybeawareofchangesearlierthanresidents.

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5.ViewsofBreathingSpacesOverall,perceptionsofBreathingSpaceswereoverwhelminglypositiveandresidentsandstakeholdersalikefeltthatithadbeenanimportantprojectthathadbrokendownbarriersandtestednewground.Thisisevidencedbythefactthat93%ofsurveyrespondentsthoughtthatBreathingSpaceswasagoodthing.ThissectionlooksatthespecificelementsofBreathingSpacesthatwereconsideredtohaveworkedwellandthenexploresthechallengestheprojectencounteredandareasthatcouldhavebeenimproved.Itconcludesbyexploringresidents’andstakeholders’viewsofwhatBreathingSpacesshoulddointhefuture.

5.1 Whathasworkedwell

ResidentsandstakeholderswereaskedtoconsiderwhichelementsoftheBreathingSpacesprojecthadworkedwell.Fourkeyareasofactivitywereidentifiedeachofwhichareexploredbelow.

5.1.1Genuineconsultationandengagement

StakeholdersreflectedonhowimpressedtheywerewithBreathingSpaces’approachtocommunityengagement.Theylikedthewaythattheteamhadworkedhardtodemonstratethattheywerelisteningandnotimposingideasontothecommunity.Thiswasdescribedbyonestakeholderas‘leaningin’.Itwasfeltthattheprojecthadprovidedarangeofwaystoensurethateveryone’svoicewasheardandthattheteamhadbeenskilledatgettingtothebottomofpeople’sconcernsandfacilitatingpeopletohaveaconstructiveconversation.Theproject’sopenapproachtoconsultationwasthoughttohaveresultedinhigherlevelsofengagementandlocalresidents’willingnesstohostairqualitysensorboxesontheirpropertyandthehighturn-outsattheCleanAirCaféswereseenasevidenceoftheproject’ssuccessfulapproach.

‘They'vebeenreallyopentolisteningtopeople,andtogivingpeoplespacetokindofjust

sharethingsandtocomeupwiththeirownideas,Ithinkthey'venotdictatedtheirown

agenda,whichIthinkhasbeenreallybeneficial.'(StakeholderG)

ItwasalsofeltthatthisconsideredandinclusiveapproachhadresultedinthelocalcommunitytakingmoreownershipoftheissuesthemselvesandthattherewasthereforeahigherchanceofactivitiescontinuingintothefutureevenifBreathingSpacesnolongerexisted.

5.1.2Creatingconnections

Thewayinwhichtheprojecthadbroughtvariousaudiencestogetherwasseenasbothuniqueandvaluablebysomeofthestakeholders.Theyspokeabouthowtheteamhadcreatedbridgesbetweenthelocalcommunity,thecouncilandtheuniversity-groupswhohadhistoricallybeenquitesegregatedonenvironmentalissuesanditwasfeltthatforgingtheseconnectionswasanimportantstepincreatingmomentumandworkingtowardssharedgoals.

'Idon'tknowifthere'sanyothergroupsthatpulltogetheracademia,thecitycounciland

communitygroups-thosethreegroupstendtobeverydisparate.'(StakeholderE)

‘They'vereallybalancedthecombinationofengagingwiththeuniversity,engagingwiththe

council,andwithNestaandthenengagingwithpeopleontheground.AndIthinkthat's

quiteaskilltobeabletokindofcommunicatewithallthosedifferentaudiencesandtobe

abletodevelopwhat'sneededfordifferentaudiences.Ithinktheyseemtohavedonethat

reallywell.'(StakeholderG)

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Alongsidetheseuniqueconnectionsbetweendifferentkeygroups,BreathingSpaceswasalsocreditedwithcreatingaconnectionbetweenSouthamptonandSolentUniversitieswhodonotoftenpartnersinceoneisaprimarilyateachinguniversityandtheotheraresearchuniversity;

'TheotherbenefitthatIthinkhascomeoutifthisisit'sallowedSolentandSouthampton

Universitytoworktogetherwhichisgood,it'sbridgedbetweentheacademic

departments...andit'salsoallowedustodothingswithstudentsaswell.'(StakeholderC)

Theconnectionsthattheprojectmadebetweenlocalresidentswerealsoacknowledged.ThewayinwhichtheprojecthadcreatedaplatformforStDenys’residentsandhowithadmanagedtoconnectacommunitythatwasphysicallydividedbyamainroadwaslauded.StakeholdersalsofeltthatoneofthethingsBreathingSpaceshaddonesowellwastoconnectpeoplewhowerepreviouslyengagedwiththeissuebutnotwitheachother,andtoprovideasupportivespaceforthosepeopletoworktogether.Residentssharedthisviewandfeltthatitwasvaluablethattheprojecthadbroughtpeopletogetherinthisway.

'Peoplewhoareengagedandawareoftheissuesandcycleandrecycleanddoallofthose

thingsneedtobesupportedandtheyneedtobevalidatedinwhatthey'redoing,they

shouldn'thavetooperateinavacuumorinisolation,soIthinkthisconceptofpreachingto

theconvertedisnotreallyrelevant,Ithinkeveryone,eveniftheyaremakinganeffortto

makechange,theyneedtobesupportedtoo.'(StakeholderD)

Therewasalsoasensethatatleastsomeoftheseconnectionswouldendurebeyondthetermoftheprojectandpavethewayformorepositiveactionaroundcleanair;

‘Soit'skindofbuildingthreadsthatleadintothefuture.That'salwaysbeenaconcernof

mine,youknowyoucancomeinwithashort-termfundedprojectthatis;you'rehereand

thenyou'regoneandthenwhathappensnext,youknow,peoplebeingleftcoldwithno

supportintothefuture.Thisoffersatleastahopetomethatthisisgoingtobeanenduring

thing.'(StakeholderB)

5.1.3Adaptability

Someofthestakeholdersspokeabouthowwelltheprojectteamhadrespondedtochallengesandproventhattheywereflexibleandadaptable.Theprojectencounteredsomeinitialchallengeswhenacorememberoftheprojectteamleftandtheoriginalapproachwasnolongerviable.Stakeholderswereimpressedwiththeresiliencethattheteamshowedandthewillingnesstheyhaddemonstratedtoexplorearangeofoptionstomaketheprojectasuccess.Thisadaptabilitywasalsoidentifiedatamoremicrolevel,forexampleinthewaysthattheteamchangedthelanguagetheyusedaroundtheroadclosures(nowcalled‘OpenStreets’)inordertorespondtoresidentfeedbackandconcerns.

5.1.4Generatingdata

Despitethechallengesassociatedwithgettingthedataupandrunning,thiselementoftheprojectwasseenasuniqueandbeneficial.Besidesthebenefitofhavingdatatouseinconversationswiththecommunityandtotryandhelppersuadelocalpolicymakers,stakeholdersalsoidentifiedthebenefitsfortheuniversitiesinhavingdatathattheywouldnototherwisehavebeenabletocollect.TherewerestoriesabouthowBreathingSpaceshadalreadybeenusedasacasestudyandhadbeen

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sharedinternationally,aswellaswithcouncils,bothtomakethecaseforprojectslikeBreathingSpacesandtohelpteachstudents.

‘HavingBreathingSpacesasaworkingexamplehasbeengreat,becauseit'sbeingableto

pointtoitandsay'lookthisstuffworks'youknow'here'sarealusecaseandhere'ssome

realpeoplewhoaretryingtodosomethingforthecityandyouknow,youcoulddothe

same’.(StakeholderC)

5.2 Challengesandareasforimprovement

ItisworthnotingthatwhenaskedhowtheBreathingSpacesprojectcouldhaveimproved,somestakeholdersandresidentsstruggledtothinkofanythingthatcouldhavebeendonebetter.Amongthosewhoidentifiedchallengesorareasforimprovement,threekeyareasoffocusemergedasbeingimportant.

5.2.1 Theshiftinprojectfocus

BreathingSpacesstartedoutasaprojectentitled‘SolentAirWatch.’Whiletheobjectivesoftheprojectweresimilar,thescopewasmuchwiderthanthatofBreathingSpacesandfocusedonthewholeofSouthamptonratherthanaspecificarea.TheideahadbeentoencourageSouthamptonresidentstobuildtheirownairqualitysensorswithguidancefromtheproject,withaviewtocreatingawidernetworkofsensorsthatmeasuredairqualityacrossthecity.Theprojectwasreconfiguredfollowingthedepartureofoneoftheoriginalteammembers.

Whilemanyoftheresidentsandstakeholdersinvolvedintheevaluationwerenotawareofthechangetotheproject,therewerestakeholderswhofeltthattheshiftintheproject’sfocushadbeendetrimentaltoitsmomentum.Itwassuggestedthattheinitialprojecthadgeneratedadegreeofenthusiasmamongsomestakeholderswhohadstartedtospreadthewordtocommunitygroupsandschoolsandthatitbecamedifficulttomaintainthatenergywhentheprojectchangedcourse.

‘Wewouldhavebeenaheadofthegamebecauseatthatpoint,thoseparticulatemonitors

werenotaswidelyavailableastheyarenow.Theyallhavetheirlimitationsbecausetheyare

lowcost,youcan'tdoanyenforcingoranyrealmeasuringwiththembutyoucanlookat

comparisonsbetweenabusystreetandaquietstreetwhichisenoughtomaybegetparents

thinking'we'llwalkthiswayratherthanthatway'or'we'llwalkratherthantakethecar'.(StakeholderF)

5.2.2Moreeffectiveandwiderreachingcommunications

Stakeholdersandresidentswerequicktopointoutthechallengesofreachingresidentswithinformationthattheymaynotbeinterestedin.However,theyfeltthereweresomeareasofcommunicationthatcouldhavebeenimprovedandhelpedtheprojecttoaccessalargerandmorediverserangeofpeople.ItwassuggestedthatcarryingoutflyeringactivitiesearlierintheprojectandwideningtheareathatwastargetedforflyeringmayhavebeenhelpfulsincetheperceptionwasthattherewerestilllargenumbersofpeopleinStDenyswhowereunawareoftheproject.

'Ithinktoengagethecommunitymeanstoreachouttoeveryone,wecoincidentallyfound

outmyneighbourshadneverheardofit.'(FocusGroupParticipant1)

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ItwasalsosuggestedthatmorecouldhavebeendoneattheCleanAirCaféstoremindpeopleofthejourneysofarandtoletthemknowabouttherangeofactivitiesthatBreathingSpaceswasdelivering.ThecaseforclearercommunicationwasmadeinthefocusgroupwhenoneparticipantreferredtotheroadclosuresthathadtakenplaceaspartofBreathingSpacesactivitiesandindicatedthattheyhadnotunderstoodtheirpurpose;

'Therewasacoupleof,IthinkitwasrelatedtoBreathingSpacesbutcombinedwith

somethingelse,roadclosuresonSaturdaymornings.AsfarasIcouldseeitwasjust

annoyingresidentsanddriverswhocouldn'tgetthrough.Reclaimingthestreetforadayjust

forthepointofprincipleIcouldn'tseethepointinthat.'(FocusGroupParticipant3)

Linkedtothiswasasensethatmorecouldhavebeenmadeofthesensordata.Bothtoinformpeoplethatitwasavailableandtopresentitinawaythatencouragedmoreengagement.

'Thecommunicationelementtoit,thevisualkindofoutputsforitcouldbestronger.’(StakeholderD)

Itwasalsosuggestedthat,ideally,theprojectwouldhavehadawiderreachintermsofthedemographicsthatitdrewintobetterrepresentthelocalarea,althoughitwasacknowledgedthatthisisincrediblychallengingtoachieve.

‘Myonlycriticismoftheproject,whichismycriticismofmostprojectsthathappenreallyis

thatStDenysisaverydiverseareabotheconomically,ethnically,sociallybutIfeltlikethe

peopleinthatroom,thatcametoit,andthepeoplethatwereleadingitdidnotreflectthe

diversityoftheareaassuch.ButthatisnotasolecriticismofBreathingSpaces...thatis

somethingthathappensquiteofteninlotsofareas.’(StakeholderA)

5.2.3Morestructureinsomeareas

TheopenandinclusiveapproachthattheBreathingSpacesteamtooktoengagingwiththelocalcommunitywasapplaudedandseenasagenuinelyhelpfulwayofreachingouttolocalresidents.However,itwaspointedoutthattheflipsideofthisapproachwasthattherecouldsometimesbealackofclarity.Thebursaryprojectwascitedasanexample.Sincetheteamwasverykeentoensurethatallapplicationsstoodachanceofreceivingthebursary,theywerecautiousaboutimposingtoomanycriteriaontheapplications.Thiswasfelttobothprolongandmuddytheprocessbysomestakeholderswhosuggestedthatitmayhavebeenbeneficialtobealittlemoreprescriptiveinthisinstance.

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5.3 ViewsonwhatBreathingSpacesshoulddointhefutureTherewerearangeofideasaboutwhatBreathingSpacesshoulddonextbuttheoverwhelmingmessagewasthatpeoplewouldliketoseeitcarryonandindeedexpand.

5.3.1Carryonintothefuture

TherewasaclearsensefrombothstakeholdersandresidentsthatBreathingSpaceshadachievedalotinashorttimebutthatayearisnotverylongandtheprojectreallyneededlongertohaveawideenoughreachandimpact.

'We'reattheendofthefirstyearandeverythingfeelsveryformative.'(FocusGroupParticipant5)

Participantsexpresseddisappointmentatthefactthattheprojectwasofficiallyendingandfeltthatitwasashametostopwhenthemomentumhadbeenbuiltandtherewasstillalotofpotentialfortheprojecttomakearealdifference.

'Ithinkthedisappointingthingabouttheprojectisbasicallyit'scomingtoanend,andwe've

gottheballrollingnow....Itwouldbeabitdisappointingtogeteverybodyinvolvedand

engagedandthenkindofjusthaveitpeterout.'(StakeholderE)

TheBreathingSpacesteam’srecordofthefinalCleanAirCaféinDecember2019indicatesthatlocalresidentswerehighlyenthusiasticaboutthecommunityactionthathadtakenplaceduringtheprojectandthattheywantedairqualityconversationandactionwithintheStDenyscommunityandSouthamptonasawholetocontinue.Theywantedmoreopportunitiestoengagewithandunderstandtheairqualitydataandtoexploretherangeofideasforreducingairpollutionthatthecommunityhadgenerated.

TherewashopeamongsomestakeholdersthatevenwithouttheNestaandDCMSfunding,theprojectmayfindwaysofcontinuingtohaveanimpact.TherewastalkofthevariousbursaryprojectswhichareongoingandhowtherewerehopesofthesebecomingautonomousprojectsthatflourishedindependentlyofBreathingSpaces.Therewerealsosuggestionsthatthesensordatawouldcontinuetobecollectedanddiscussionsofvariousapplicationsforfundingtohelpsupportthatactivity.

OnestakeholderalsoarticulatedahopethatStDenysresidentsmightnowtakeownershipoftheideaandcontinueactivitywithouttheBreathingSpacesteamtosupportthem.However,therewasageneralsensethattherewasalotmorefortheBreathingSpacesteamtodoandthat,withouttheiractivityandenergy,alotoftheengagementthroughactivitiessuchastheCleanAirCafésandthewiderlinkswithpolicymakerswouldnotbeabletocontinueinthesamewayandtherewasarealsensethatitwasimportantforthistocarryon.

5.3.2ScalewithinSouthampton,andbeyond!

TherewasaclearmessagefromthestakeholderinterviewsthatthereisappetiteforBreathingSpacestorollouttootherareasofthecityandpotentiallyevenotherpartsofthecountry.StakeholdersfeltthathavingengagedoneareaofthecitywaspowerfulbutthatreplicatingthatacrossSouthamptonwouldcreateamessagethatthecouncilwouldnotbeabletoignore.

Ithinkthat....ifeverywardhad30peoplethatwereconcernedaboutthis,concerned

enoughtocomealongtoameeting,thatwouldbeasignificantpoliticalvoiceinthecityto

makesomethinghappenandifyou'vedoneitforonewardandgot30peoplethen,you

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know,doingitforallofthewardscouldreallyputpressureonthecounciltodosomething.'(StakeholderC)

'IwouldliketoseethempopupineverycommunityinSouthampton.Sorollouttheirmodel

andgetasmanypeoplemonitoringintheirhousesandoutsidetheirschoolsandjustrollit

outsothere'saBreathingSpacesCaféineverycommunity.'(StakeholderF)

Focusgroupparticipantsfeltthatiftheprojectcontinuedandscaleditwouldbeimportanttotryandinvolvethecouncilasmuchaspossible.Suggestionsfordoingthisincludedencouragingthecounciltocreateanexhibitionofitsactivityaroundcleanairthatcouldbetakenaroundthecityforresidentstoengagewith.ResidentswerekeenforanynextstepstoincludeopportunitiesforSouthamptoncommunitiestoengagewiththecouncilandholdthemtoaccount;

'Sittheminfrontofthepeoplewithchronicbreathingconditionsandexplainthedecisions

you'vemade.'(FocusGroupParticipant5)

ItwasalsosuggestedthatiftheprojectrolledoutacrossSouthampton,thecumulativedatawouldbereallyvaluableastherewouldbeaclearerpictureofwherethepocketsofpollutionwereandwhatthedriftofpollutionacrossthecitylookedlike.

Whiletherewasenthusiasmforscalingtheprojecttherewerealsopragmaticthoughtsaboutwhatthismightneedtolooklike.SincethedatawasseenasakeycomponentofBreathingSpaces,itwassuggestedthatiftheprojectweretogrowitmightrequiresomeonewiththerighttechnicalexpertisetooverseethatcomponentoftheproject;

'Ithinkthatifaprojectlikethatscaledtheywouldneedtohave,whatyoumightgrandiosely

mightcallatechnicaldirector,butsomebodywhoyouknowisactuallygoingtowearthat

hatof'okthere'ssomeengineeringstuffthatneedstobedonehereandsomebodyreally

needstoprojectmanageitandunderstanditwellenoughtomakeithappen.’(StakeholderC)

ItwasalsofeltthatwhilethefundingmodelhadworkedfortheyearthatBreathingSpaceshadrun,anyscalingoftheprojectwouldprobablyneedtoaccountfortimefromUniversitystafforotherexpertsthatgotinvolved.

Keylearningpoints

! Theproject’sconsideredandinclusiveapproachwasseenasfundamentaltoitssuccessinengaginglocalresidents.Iftheprojectdoesscaleinanyway,itwillbeimportanttoretainandbuildonthisapproach.

! TheprojectgeneratedunintendedpositiveconsequencesincludingbuildingnewconnectionsbetweenandopportunitiesforthetwoSouthamptonuniversities.Theseshouldbeacknowledgedinanyfutureiterationsoftheprojecteitheraspartoftheproject’stheoryofchangeorwhendesigningfutureactivitiesfortheprojecttodeliver.

! Communicationwasfelttobearelativeweakpointoftheprojectandiftheprojectcontinuesitshouldexploreopportunitiesforcommunicatingitsexistence,keymessagesandsensordatamorewidelyandinarangeofformats.

! Thepositivecollaborationwiththeuniversitiesworkedwellforthisiterationoftheprojectasitwassmallandearlystage.Anyfutureiterationsmaywanttoexploreoptionsforformalisingthisrelationshipandforbringinghigherlevelsoftechnologicalexpertiseintothecoreprojectteam.

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6. ReflectionsandrecommendationsItisclearthattheBreathingSpacesprojectwasregardedasapositiveandvaluableadditiontotheSouthamptoncleanairdebate.Theprojectteam’sgentle,facilitativeapproach,focusonbuildingconnectionsandabilitytobeflexibleandresponsiveenabledthissmallprojecttostartmakinganoticeabledifferenceinashorttime.

Whileitwasnotpossibletomeasuretheextentoftheproject’simpact,thisreporthasidentifiedarangeofwaysinwhichtheprojecteffectedchange.ThereareclearindicationsthatBreathingSpaceshelpedtocontributetoatleastsomeresidents’knowledgeandunderstandingofcleanairissuesandthatsomewereturningtoitasasourceofinformation.StakeholdersalsocreditedBreathingSpaceswithenhancingtheirknowledge,andtherewereindicationsthattheprojecthadanimpactonpeople’sknowledgeandawarenessbeyondtheStDenysboundaries.Forthosewhoalreadyconsideredthemselvestounderstandtheissueswell,BreathingSpacesprovidedavaluableforumforlike-mindedindividualstoidentifyeachotherandworktogether.Someofthosewhoengagedwiththesensordataalsofounditcompellingandusefulandthereisclearpotentialforthatdatatoplayawiderroleinlocalcleanairconversations.

EncouragingcollectivecommunityactionandinfluencingpolicywerecoreobjectivesoftheBreathingSpacesprojectandthisevaluationsuggeststhatBreathingSpacesmadeprogressinbothareas.Itcreatedopportunitiesforcommunityactionandhelpedtoforgeusefulrelationshipsbetweenlocalresidentswhowerepreviouslyunconnected.BybuildingStDenys’presenceinrelationtoairqualityissues,BreathingSpacesalsocreatedopportunitiesforengagementwithlocalpolicymakersanditisclearthattheprojectteambegantoberecognisedbystakeholdersasasignificantpresenceinthelocaldebate.

Theprojectwasonlyeverintendedtorunforjustoverayearandthereareclearlimitstowhatitwasabletoachieveinthatshorttime.Therewaslimitedopportunityforresidentsandpolicymakerstoengagewiththesensordata,andtherewasasensethatthemomentumrequiredforcollectivecommunityactionandco-productionoflocalpolicywasonlyjustbuildingwhentheprojectcametoanend.ThereisconsiderableappetiteamongresidentsandstakeholdersfortheprojecttocontinueinsomeformandtobuildontheworkthathasbeenstartedbyreachingouttootherareasofSouthampton,engagingawideraudience,buildingmomentumandfacilitatingstrongerlinksbetweenresidentsandwidergroups.

Iftheprojectdoescontinue,thenthereisclearlearningarounditsapproachtocommunication.Gettingthemessageoutmorewidelyandmoreclearlyshouldbeacorefocusofanyfutureactivityaswellasexploringdifferentwaysofcommunicatinginformationaboutcleanairandthesensordatainparticular.Forthesensordatatobecomeacoretoolincreatingconversationandchangearoundcleanair,itmayneedtobecommunicatedtoawideraudienceandinarangeofformatsthatallowthosewhohavelittleunderstandingofairqualityissuestoengagewithitmoreeasily.

AnyfutureiterationsofBreathingSpacesshouldalsoaimtoreplicatethegentle,inclusiveapproachtoengagementthatthisprojecttook.Continuingtoofferarangeofwaysforresidentsandstakeholderstoengagewiththeprojectandgetinvolvedinlocalactivityisalsolikelytobebeneficial.

Influencingpolicytakestimeandislessapparenttoresidentsthanitistothoseclosertothepolicy-makingpolicy.Tomovefurthertowardsitsobjectiveofmoreco-producedcleanairpolicy,theprojectshouldcontinuetomakedirectconnectionswithpolicymakerswhilealsoapplyingpressure

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throughcommunityengagementandcreatingopportunitiesforresidentstoengagedirectlywiththelocalcouncil.However,aspirationsaboutwhatcanbeachievedinthisregardshouldberealisticandtakealongview.

BreathingSpaces’impactwaswidespread.Theconnectionsandopportunitiesthattheprojectcreatedbetweenandfortheuniversitiesandlocalresidentswerevaluabletothoseinvolved.Itmaybebeneficialtoexploreoptionsforstrengtheningtheseconnectionsandbuildingthemintofutureplansfortheproject.Theseplansshouldalsoconsidertheprojectteam’sstructuretoensurethatthereissufficienttechnicalexpertisewithinthecoredeliveryteam.Clearerstructurebothintermsoftheroleofanypartnersandinrelationtothebursaryprojectsoranysimilaractivitiesmayalsobebeneficial.

Finally,theBreathingSpacesteamhasmadeanexcellentstartinthinkingabouthowtomonitorandevaluatetheproject’sactivities.Shouldtheprojectcontinue,itissuggestedthattheteamcontinuestobuildinlight-touchevaluationactivitiesthatenableittoexploreviewsoftheprojectandformativelyrespondtothoseviewstomaketheprojectevenstronger.

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AppendixAFullmethodology

ApproachThemethodologyemployedisbasedonarealistapproachtoevaluation.ThatisexamininghowlocalresidentsandstakeholdersperceiveandreporttheBreathingSpacesprojectanditsimpacts.Theevaluationdidnotseektomeasuretheprojectanditsimpactobjectivelybecauseoftheconstraintsoftheevaluationtimeline,budget,theabsenceofbaselinedata,andaneedtoensurethattheevaluationactivitiesdidnotdetractfromtheproject’sdelivery.However,capturingtheviewsofsomelocalresidentsandstakeholdersuncoversindicativefindingsaboutwhathasworkedwellabouttheproject,whatitsperceivedimpactshavebeenandwherethechallengesorbarrierswere.Theevaluationtookamixed-methodapproach,combiningfivestrandsofactivity:

1. Alighttouchpre-andpost-papersurveyissuedatfourofthefiveCleanAirCafésexploringtheimpactofthecaféonpeople’sknowledgeofcleanairissuesandtheirwillingnesstogetinvolved.

2. MonitoringdatacollectedbytheBreathingSpacesteamon:a. ThenumbersofpeopleattendingtheCleanAirCafésb. ThenumbersofpeopleengagingwiththevariousstrandsofBreathingSpaces’

activitiesc. ThenumberofpeopletakingactionasaresultofBreathingSpaces

3. AnonlinesurveyoflocalresidentsexploringviewsofBreathingSpacesanditsactivities4. Afocusgroupwithlocalresidents5. DepthinterviewswithstakeholderswhohadpartneredorengagedwiththeBreathing

Spacesprojectinsomeway.

Detailsofhoweachstrandoftheevaluationwascarriedoutcanbefoundbelow.

Residents’survey

Anonlinesurveywasrunbetween6thNovemberand10thDecember2019.Thesurveyincluded16questionsexploringresidents’viewsandknowledgeofBreathingSpacesandcleanairissuesandthreedemographicquestions.ThesurveywaspromotedbyemailtolocalresidentswhohadsigneduptoBreathingSpaces’mailinglistandbysocialmediaonStDenyslocalgroupsandtheSouthamptonCollective’svariouschannels.Anincentiveofaprizedrawfor£50ofvouchersforlocalshopswasusedtotryandmaximisetheresponse.Atotalof56peoplecompletedthesurveyandtherewereafurther22partialresponses.Sincethesurveywasadvertisedopenlyratherthansenttoaspecificsample,thereisnowayofcalculatingaresponserateandthesurveycannotbeseenasrepresentativeofthelocalpopulation.However,itdoesgiveausefulindicationoflocalresidents’views.

Inreportingthesurveydata,percentagesequaltoorgreaterthan0.5havebeenroundedup(e.g.0.5%=1%;36.5%=37%).

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Stakeholderinterviews

AtotalofsevendepthinterviewswerecarriedoutbyNJResearchinOctoberandNovember2019.Stakeholderswereselectedtoensurearangeanddiversityofviewshoweverafullypurposivesamplingapproachwasnotusedandquotasforcharacteristicswerenotset.TheBreathingSpacesteamidentifiedalistofallthestakeholderstheyhadengagedwithduringthelifeoftheproject.Thesestakeholdersweregroupedbyareaofwork(university,localcounciletc)andNJResearchthenselectedaninitiallistofstakeholderstocontactwithaviewtogettingarangeofperspectivesandreducinganybiasinthesample.StakeholderswerecontactedbytheBreathingSpacesteaminthefirstinstancetoseekpermissiontohavetheirdetailspassedonandthencontactedbyNJResearchoncepermissionwasgranted.Everypotentialparticipantreceivedaninformationleafletexplainingwhattheirparticipationwouldinvolve,howtheirdatawouldbeused,storedanddestroyed,thefactthattheinterviewswouldberecorded,thevoluntarynatureofparticipationandhowtogetintouchtoaskanyquestionsortooptoutoftheresearch.Thosewhotookpartinaninterviewalsocompletedaconsentform.Alltheinterviewswerecarriedoutbyphoneandlastedbetween30and50minutes.

Interviewswereguidedbyapre-agreedtopicguide.Topicguidessetoutthekeyareastobecoveredininterviewsbutallowflexibilitytoexplorekeyareasofinterestandunanticipatedsubjects.Interviewswereaudiorecordedwiththeparticipants’permissiontoallowforaccurateandrobustanalysis.AllparticipantsweretoldthatindividualviewsandquoteswouldbeanonymisedbutalsoalertedtothefactthatgiventhesmallnumberofstakeholdersinvolvedintheresearchitmaybepossibleforoneoftheBreathingSpacesteamtoidentifywhosaidwhat.Giventhesmallnumberofstakeholdersinvolvedintheproject,providingthedetailsofparticipantswouldcompromisetheiranonymitysotheyarenotlistedhere.

Residents’focusgroup

Theinitialplanhadbeentoconductaseriesofdepthinterviewswithlocalresidents.However,itbecameapparentthattherecruitmentthiswouldinvolvewaslikelytobeover-burdensometotheBreathingSpacesteam.Insteadonefocusgroupwascarriedoutwithlocalresidentsonthe9thNovember2019.Giventhelikelychallengesinvolvedinrecruitingresidentsandinordertokeeptheburdenoftherecruitmentlowfortheteam,nosamplingstrategywasemployedforthegroup.ThegroupwasadvertisedthroughtheBreathingSpacesmailinglistandonsocialmedia.Eightparticipantsoptedtotakepartinthegroup(fivemenandthreewomen),nofurtherdemographicdetailsweretakenfromtheparticipantssoastoreducethebarrierstoparticipation.Eachparticipantwhotookpartwasgivenaninformationleafletabouttheresearchandsignedaconsentform.ThediscussionwasfacilitatedbyNJResearchusingapre-agreedtopicguideandnoonefromtheBreathingSpacesteamwaspresentduringthegroup.Thegrouplastedjustoveranhourandwasaudiorecorded.Eachparticipantreceiveda£10voucherforalocalbookshopasathankyoufortheirtime.

PreandPostsurveyatCleanAirCafés

TheBreathingSpacesteaminvitedattendeesoffourCleanAirCaféstocompleteashortpapersurveywhichcomprisedtwoquestionsexploringknowledgeofcleanairissuesandlikelihoodofgettinginvolvedinactivityaroundcleanair.Thesurveysweregivenoutatthebeginningandendof

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theCaféswithaviewtoexploringwhetherattendanceattheCaféhadaffectedparticipants’knowledgeorviewsinrelationtocleanair.NoteveryonewhoattendedtheCaféstookpartinthesurveyandtherewassomeattritionbetweenthepre-andpost-surveysineachinstance.Thesurveyscanthereforeonlyprovideaveryindicative,highlevelsummaryofparticipants’views.

MonitoringData

TheBreathingSpacesteamaskedattendeesatCleanAirCaféstoaddtheircontactdetailstoasign-upsheet(name,emailaddressandwhethertheywouldbehappytobecontacted).Wherepermissionwasgiven,contactdetailswereaddedtoamailinglist.

PhotosweretakenatalloftheBreathingSpaceseventsasawayofrecordingattendanceandcapturingengagement.Attendeesatthecleanair‘dropin’sessionwereaskedtocompleteafeedbackformrelatingtothebursaryprojectproposalsthathadbeenondisplayandtheprojectingeneral.Nosign-upsheetswereusedatOpenStreetseventsinordertoremovebarrierstoparticipation.Attendancewasestimatedwiththeaidofphotographs.Participationinthebursaryprojectsismonitoredbytheleadersoftheindividualprojectswhoarelocalresidents.

VisitstotheBreathingSpaceswebsiteandonlineportalsforthereal-timedatavisualisationswerealsotracked.

Analysisandinterpretationofthedata

The stakeholder interviews and residents’ focus group were charted directly from the audiorecordings. The framework method of analysis was used to analyse the qualitative data. Thisinvolves summarising thedata fromeach research interview into a thematic framework. Columnsrepresentthemesandeachparticipant’sdataissummarised(charted)acrossarow.Thestrengthofthisapproachisthatitenablessystematicandcomprehensiveanalysisofthecompletedatasetinamanageableway.Analysiscanbedoneboththematicallyorindividually.Thisapproachensuresthatthe findings are robust and grounded in the data. Verbatim quoteswere taken directly from theaudiorecordingsofstakeholderinterviewsandtheresidents’focusgroup.

Theresidents’surveywasanalysedusingthechosensurveyplatform(SurveyGizmo)andsincetheevaluationbudgetdidnotallowforthepremiumversionofthepackage,nocross-tabulationofthedatawaspossible.

Thedatafromallstrandsoftheresearchhavebeentreatedwithcautionsincethesamplingapproachesandresponserateswerenotrobustenoughforthedatatobeconsideredrepresentative.Theexceptiontothisisthedatafromthestakeholderinterviewswhichisalittlemorecomprehensivesincethesamplerepresentsareasonablelevelofrangeanddiversity,andtherewasagoodlevelofsaturationapparentinthedata.Itisthereforemorelikelythatthehigh-levelthemesemergingfromthatstrandoftheresearchechothosethatwouldbefoundinthewiderpopulationofstakeholdersengagedwithBreathingSpaces.Overall,howeverthedatapresentedinthisreportshouldbeconsideredasindicativeofresidentsandstakeholders’viewsratherthanrepresentative.

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AppendixBDetailsofBreathingSpacesbursariesasofFebruary2020

InJune2019,theBreathingSpacesprojectaskedlocalpeople:

Doyouhaveanideaforasmallprojectwhichrespondstoairpollutionandhelps

promotehealthierstreetsinStDenys?

Wouldyoulikesomefundingtotrythisout?

Theprojectcouldfunduptobursaryideasat£400each,withtheopportunitytospendatotalof£4,000.ThismoneycomescourtesyofthefundingforBreathingSpaces’fromNestaandDCMSaspartoftheConnectedCommunitiesInnovationFund.

Projectdescription Howmuchisrequested/needed?

Whathasbeenachievedsofar?

1. FrontGardensPlusAprojecttoencourageplantingandgreeningofgardensandotheropen,unlovedspaces.

• Absorbpollution• Improvetheenvironment• Communityspirit,prideand

engagement• Healthbenefits

ProposedbyateamofsevenresidentsofStDenys.https://www.facebook.com/groups/469269597188557/

£400forpromotionalmaterial,basicsupplies,bulbs,saplingsetc.

Thisgrouphasover80membersandhasbeenveryactive:meetingwithcouncilofficerstodiscussplantingschemes&apocketpark;distributingbulbs;obtainingfreetrees;planningeventssuchas‘seedbombing’,tallestsunflowercompetition&apossible‘StDenysinBloom’.Feb2020:FurtherfundstodeveloptheprojectawardedfromSouthamptonCityCouncil’sCommunityChest-£1,200

2. AllAboardRiverFestivalAwaterborne,wateredgemusic/theatreon31August2019,locatedontheStDenysstretchoftheRiverItchen.HostedbyStDenysBoatCluband2localresidents.

£260forcleanairstorytelling,acleanairbannerwhichwasparadedafloatduringtheevent,promotionalmaterial&atrolltogounderCobdenBridge(assuggestedbyaresidentataCleanAirCafé).

Thiswasagreatevent!Photographsavailablehere:https://www.facebook.com/events/652134415264962/

3. Photography:peopleinmasksPublicdisplaysofportraitphotographsoflocalpeoplewearingairpollutionmaskswhilstgoingabouttheirdailyroutines.Thiswillfocusonempathyandhowwecanallchangethesystem,notan‘usandthem’approachtocleanairchallenges.

£400forphotographprintingandmounts

TheworkisduetostartinSpring2020.Itwillbeledby2localresidentsandwillinvolveanumberofpeoplefromthelocalcommunitywhowillbethesubjectofthephotographs.

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4. CleanairmuralTobelocatedonawallinStDenys.Theworkandotherfundingapplicationsarebeingco-ordinatedbyalocalartist.

£540(theoriginal£400bursaryplusunspentfundsfromAllAboardfestival)

Discussionsaroundtheformatoftheartworkandadditionalfundingapplicationsareunderway.

5. StudytourtotheWalthamForest‘MiniHolland’scheme

Thiswastoenableresidentstoexperienceareal‘low-trafficneighbourhood’&sharetheirthoughtswithfriends&neighboursontheirreturn,aswellassupportingconversationsaroundthecouncil’s‘ActiveTravelZone’pilotinStDenys.

£800forreturntraintravelfor14residents,pluslunch

Thisstudytourtookplaceon7thFebruary2020andwasledbyPaulGassonofLivingStreets/WalthamForestCyclingCampaign.https://breathingspaces.org.uk/2020/02/19/the-quiet-streets-of-london/

6. RebelGardenersSouthamptonEngagethelocalcommunitytore-greenandreplanturbanareasofthecommunity.

• Addressurbandisengagementwithnatureandenvironment

• Improveawarenessinchildrenaroundgoodsourcesandhealthyeating

£400isallocated.(£200tostartonplanterswithveg,£800getsusneareragreenwall.)

ThisworkisduetostartinSpring2020.https://www.facebook.com/rebelgardeners.soton/

7. Airquality&energyefficiencyThiswouldmaketheconnectionbetweenenergyefficiencyandlocalairpollution,asthermalimagesofhomescanshowwhereenergyefficiencyimprovementscanbemade&thereforereducingheatingrequirements.

£200forathermalcamera,£200forhardcopyreportsandinformationleaflets

DiscussionsareongoingandthefirstbuildingtobesurveyedislikelytobeStDenysChurchastheyarekeenonbeingmoreenergyefficient.

8. EngagingwithStDenysPrimarySchool

AmemberoftheParentgroupattheschoolhasproposedthis.Varioustypesofengagementarepossibleincludingthroughalocalartist,collaboratingonagreenwallandprovidinginformationtoparentsonairquality&health.

£400allocated Discussionsareongoing.ItishopedadecisionwillbemadebyearlySpring2020.

9. CleanairsignageCommissionlocalartiststoundertakesomepublicartorsignageto‘makeStDenysmorevisible’andraiseawarenessofairqualityissues.Oneideaisa“MrGasp”mosaicbyWillRosie,toaddtohisMrMenmosaicsacrossthecity.TherehasalsobeensuggestionsofmakingthenationalcycleroutethroughStDenysmorevisible.

£400allocated Discussionsareongoing.Thiscouldformpartofthecleanairmuralprojectmentionedabove.

Page 39: Breathing Spaces Project Learning Report February 2020 · Breathing Spaces was a clean air project located in the Southampton area of St Denys, which initially ran from January 2019

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Fustel de Coulanges Numa Denys - La Ciudad Antigua Scan

Fustel de Coulanges Numa Denys - La Ciudad Antigua Scan

Docker based Architecture by Denys Serdiuk

Docker based Architecture by Denys Serdiuk

Intro to Radiology Breathing On a ventilator ... bunch of grapes. Interstitial spaces 2 ... Circulatory System Lungs 1 RBC2 CO

Intro to Radiology Breathing On a ventilator ... bunch of grapes. Interstitial spaces 2 ... Circulatory System Lungs 1 RBC2 CO

Breathing and breathing exercise

Breathing and breathing exercise

Angel Durán, Denys Dutykh, Dimitrios Mitsotakis

Angel Durán, Denys Dutykh, Dimitrios Mitsotakis

DENYS ARCAND

DENYS ARCAND

HRSeminar Labels & Keurmerken: Jan Denys

HRSeminar Labels & Keurmerken: Jan Denys

Denys Arcand

Denys Arcand

Breathing Spaces: Summer 2012

Breathing Spaces: Summer 2012

FOREPOST: Finding Performance Problems Automatically …denys/pubs/EMSE-FOREPOST.pdfApr 10, 2015  · Qi Luo Aswathy Nair Mark Grechanik Denys Poshyvanyk Received: date / Accepted:

FOREPOST: Finding Performance Problems Automatically …denys/pubs/EMSE-FOREPOST.pdfApr 10, 2015  · Qi Luo Aswathy Nair Mark Grechanik Denys Poshyvanyk Received: date / Accepted:

Denys Dmytriyenko Texas Instruments

Denys Dmytriyenko Texas Instruments

Les Chaines Musculaires Et Articulaires de Godelieve Struyf-Denys

Les Chaines Musculaires Et Articulaires de Godelieve Struyf-Denys

DENYS HEYWOOD - Deddington History

DENYS HEYWOOD - Deddington History

Breathing Spaces: Autumn 2011

Breathing Spaces: Autumn 2011

Denys-struyf - Manual Del Mezierista i

Denys-struyf - Manual Del Mezierista i

The Active Travel Zone project in St Denys 1 The St Denys ...€¦ · St Denys Road You said: Walking in St Denys is not pleasant. Proposal: Continuous footways, that extend the pavement

The Active Travel Zone project in St Denys 1 The St Denys ...€¦ · St Denys Road You said: Walking in St Denys is not pleasant. Proposal: Continuous footways, that extend the pavement

Fustel De Coulanges Numa Denys - La Ciudad Antigua Scan.pdf

Fustel De Coulanges Numa Denys - La Ciudad Antigua Scan.pdf

Denys CV - College of William & Mary

Denys CV - College of William & Mary

André Denys and Zoé Borluut cyclebridges

André Denys and Zoé Borluut cyclebridges

fileSupertech Hues has all that it takes to give you a peaceful life. Talk about breathing space Talk about breathing space and it offers you spaces that will take your breath away.

fileSupertech Hues has all that it takes to give you a peaceful life. Talk about breathing space Talk about breathing space and it offers you spaces that will take your breath away.