BREAST CANCER

PRESENTED BY:

MANALI H. SOLANKI

S.Y.M.Sc.NURSING

J G COLLEGE OF NURSING

INTRODUCTION

Cancer is a dreadful disease. 80% to 90% of all cancers are the result of the things we do to ourselves. Among women breast cancer is the second most common cancer. Breast cancer is the most common malignant condition of breast.

ANATOMY AND PHYSIOLOGY OF BREAST

DEFINITION

• Breast cancer is the most common malignant condition of breast. Malignant means cells that grow harmfully and uncontrollably.

CAUSES

• Hormonal factors like when the cells come in contact with estrogen

• Genetic factors like gene mutation

RISK FACTORS

• Starting menopause at a later age• Having no children or having a first

child after age 30• Women with previous history of

breast cancer• Not breastfeeding• Using birth control pills

• Being overweight after menopause• Having first menstruation before age

12 or entering menopause after age 55.

• Drinking alcohol (more than one drink a day)

• lack of exercise

PATHO PHYSIOLOGY

SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS:

• New lump in the breast or underarm

• Thickening or swelling of part of the breast

• Mass which is hard with irregular borders

• Irritation or dimpling of breast skin • Redness or flaky skin in the nipple

area or breast• Pulling in of the nipple or pain in

the nipple area• Nipple discharge other than breast

milk• Any change in the size or the

shape of the breast

STAGES OF BREAST CANCER

CHART

DIAGNOSTIC TESTS

Mammogram

Ultrasound

PET scan(positron emission tomography scan)

MRI

Breast Self Examination

MEDICAL MANAGEMENT

• Chemotherapy Chemotherapy uses drugs to destroy cancer cells. Chemotherapy is sometimes given before surgery in women with larger breast tumors. Chemotherapy is also used in women whose cancer has already spread to other parts of the body.

Standard chemotherapy regimens include:

• AT: Adriamycin and Taxotere• AC ± T: Adriamycin and Cytoxan,

with or without Taxol or Taxotere• CMF: Cytoxan, methotrexate, and

fluorouracil

• CEF: Cytoxan, Ellence, and fluorouracil• FAC: fluorouracil, Adriamycin, and

Cytoxan• CAF: Cytoxan, Adriamycin, and

fluorouracil (The FAC and CAF regimens use the same medicines but use different doses and frequencies)

• TAC: Taxotere, Adriamycin, and Cytoxan

• GET: Gemzar, Ellence, and Taxol

HORMONAL THERAPY

• Hormonal therapy is prescribed to women with ER-positive breast cancer to block certain hormones that fuel cancer growth. An example of hormonal therapy is the drug tamoxifen. This drug blocks the effects of estrogen, which can help breast cancer cells survive and grow. Most women with estrogen-sensitive breast cancer benefit from this drug.

• Another class of hormonal therapy medicines called aromatase inhibitors, such as exemestane (Aromasin), have been shown to work just as well or even better than tamoxifen in postmenopausal women with breast cancer. Aromatase inhibitors block estrogen from being made.

RADIOTHERAPY

• Radiation therapy is an adjuvant treatment for most women who have undergone lumpectomy and for some women who have mastectomy surgery. In these cases the purpose of radiation is to reduce the chance that the cancer will recur.

• This radiation is very effective in killing cancer cells that may remain after surgery or recur where the tumour was removed.

• Radiation therapy can be delivered by either external beam radiotherapy or brachytherapy  (internal radiotherapy). 

SURGICAL MANAGEMENT

• Lumpectomy• This is also referred to as breast-

conserving therapy. The surgeon removes the cancerous area and a surrounding margin of normal tissue. A second incision may be made in order to remove the lymph nodes.

Partial or Segmental Mastectomy

Simple or Total Mastectomy

Modified Radical Mastectomy

PREVENTION OF BREAST CANCER

• Get screened for breast cancer regularly• Control your weight and Do regular

exercise• Know your family history of breast cancer• Limit the amount of alcohol• Avoid induced abortions• Avoid unnecessary Medical radiation

exposure• Preventive mastectomy

NURSING MANAGEMENT

DIETARY MANAGEMENT

Eat Omega-3 fatty acids

Eat soy products

Eat cruciferous vegetables

Calcium and Vitamin D

ASSIGNMENT

• Write down Nursing Care plan of patient with Breast Cancer.

BIBLIOGRAPHY