Breaking the Top Secret ENIGMA Codes of WW-II · 2016. 11. 22. · Enigma Codes . Reading of the...
Transcript of Breaking the Top Secret ENIGMA Codes of WW-II · 2016. 11. 22. · Enigma Codes . Reading of the...
Breaking the Top Secret
ENIGMA Codes of WW-II Professor Tom Perera Ph. D. - W1TP - EnigmaMuseum.com
Copyright © 2016: All Rights Reserved
ALL Branches
of the German Military
used
ENIGMAS
to Hide and Encrypt their
Communications
U-Boat
WW-II: German U-Boats / Submarines
Sank: 3,000 ships = 150,000 men / 15 Million Tons
ENIGMA in a Submarine
Patented
the first
ENIGMA
in
1918
It Failed to Sell !!
New
Smaller, Cheaper
ENIGMA
~1922 --> 1945
German Inventor Arthur Scherbius
LIGHT PANEL
BATTERY
BOX
HERE
KEYBOARD
PLUGBOARD
ROTORS HERE
ENIGMA
Modular Construction
SUBSTITUTION CODE
The Julius
“Caesar Code”
.
Ciphertext
Key A=X
X
. v
. . . . .
. . . . . . .
. . . .
. . . . . .
A Plaintext
OUTER INNER (Plaintext) (Ciphertext)
TOM QLJ
INNER OUTER (Ciphertext) (Plaintext)
QLJ TOM
KEY
A=X
KEY
A=X
ENCODE DECODE
T O
M Q L
J
A X
A H
ENIGMA
MACHINE
INFORMATION FLOW
CODING
ENIGMA
DECODING
ENIGMA
A
A H H A
Light Panel
Keyboard
Reflector Left
Rotor Middle Rotor
Right Rotor
Entry Drum
Q W E R T Z I O U
Y X C V B M L N
S D F G K J
Q W E R T Z I O U
Q W E R T Z I U
S D F G K J
S D F G
P Y X C V B M L
P Y X C V B M L N
P
N
K J
O
O
M
F
Plugboard
P
A
+
-
+
M
O
-
H H
H
BATTERY
A A
H A
Enigma Wiring Diagram Example of A Encoding to H
Copyright © 2016 CipherMachines.com and EnigmaMuseum.com
O N
J
X
B
M M F
J B
P O N X
DAY’S KEY Components:
1. Rotor Number and Position along Axle: 60
2. Rotor Internal Ring Settings: 676
3. Rotor Initial Starting Positions: 17,576
4. Jumper Cable Selections on Plug Board: 5x1015
DAY’S KEY Components:
1. Rotor Number and Position along Axle: 60
2. Rotor Internal Ring Settings: 676
3. Rotor Initial Starting Positions: 17,576
4. Jumper Cable Selections on Plug Board: 5x1015
Total Possible Number of Day’s Keys:
3-Rotor Army/Air Force Enigma: 10114
4-Rotor Navy Enigma: 10140
Total ATOMS in the UNIVERSE: 1080
Grand Admiral
KARL DONITZ
Fuhrer der
U-Boote
(FdU)
The
WOLF PACK
Strategy
GOLIATH
VLF
Transmitter
15 - 60 KHz
1,000,000 W
German U-Boats Sank 3000 ships
in WW-II
INTERCEPTED By The Allies
Doenitz
Although U-Boats were the
“Greatest Danger in WW-II”
(Churchill)
…the U-BOAT MENACE
was gradually Overcome
Mostly by ENIGMA Deciphering
The “Imitation Game” -> Alan Turing to the Rescue
“Imitation Game Film:”
Alan Turing Designs and Builds the First
“BOMBE” To Decipher the Enigma
The REAL story of the
Deciphering of the ENIGMA
POLISH CIPHER BUREAU
and 3 BRILLIANT
POLISH MATHEMATICIANS
Deserve the Credit
Germany
Poland Germany After WW-I
Europe after WW-I Treaty of Versailles – 1919
The Three Polish
Mathematicians
Who Calculated
The German “Military Enigma” Wiring In 1932
…And
Built the First
Enigma-Deciphering Bombes
Jerzy Henryk Marian Rozycki Zygalski Rejewski
The
Polish Enigma
Replica
Polish Enigma Deciphering “Bombe”
1933-1939
The Poles used their “Bombes” To decipher German Enigma Messages
For 6 years before
Poland was invaded by Germany in 1939
1939 Poland Invaded by Germany. The Poles gave
their Enigma Replicas & Bombe Plans to the British
1939 British Take over Codebreaking giving
NO CREDIT to the Poles
1999 British finally erect a monument to the Polish
mathematicians at Bletchley Park.
Bletchley Park – England
Top Secret – “ULTRA” 10,000 Codebreakers:
Kept their secret for 30 years after the war !!
ENIGMA
DECIPHERING
First Revealed
in 1975
Forced us to
THROW OUT
** ALL **
WORLD WAR II
HISTORY BOOKS
Written Before
1975 Admiral DOENITZ
Still Refused to Believe it
Alan
Turing
Brilliant Mathematician
BRITISH BOMBE
BRITISH BOMBE
The REAL story of the
Deciphering of the ENIGMA
ALAN TURING’S
Brilliant Contributions:
Decrypting Enigma using Polish Bombes was too Slow –
and
The Germans continually Improved Enigmas -
Added another Rotor, built more Complex Versions.
TURING Developed new ways to Decipher them.
Designed and Built New Bombes
COLLOSUS
U-505 being Captured and Boarded
Turing was helped by:
The Capture of Codebooks from U-Boats Repeated predictable words in messages Many other discoveries and techniques
( Read: “Seizing Enigma” by David Kahn )
The Crew of a German
Weather Ship
is blindfolded and led
belowdecks
to keep them from reporting
the Removal of the
Enigma Codes
Reading of the German Enigma Messages
Had to be hidden from the Germans …sometimes requiring the sacrifice of lives
Enigma Deciphering Shortened the War by ~ 2 years
Saved Thousands of Lives Prevented Hitler from Completing the Atomic Bomb
German U-Boats also Located by
Direction-Finding
Located !
Doenitz
*****
Its I.F.
Local Oscillator
RADIATED
it's own
Homing
Signal !!!
OOOps !! *****
The WW-II German Submarine
Radar Detector: “METOX”
The
"BISCAY
CROSS“
Antenna
Sabotage by wrong-length screws
Sabotage by INSULATED COATING ON SCREWS
BURNING the EVIDENCE at the End of the War
Germany Ordered the DESTRUCTION of Every ENIGMA
Used Explosives, and Guns and threw them in Lakes.
Churchill ordered DESTRUCTION of Every ENIGMA
AND BOMBE, & PLANS and PAPERS Why ?
WHY - Did Churchill Destroy
All Enigmas and Bombes ?
The Answer was learned last year ( 70 years later )
Churchill Did NOT Destroy All of them
Hebrew Keyboard
VERY FEW ENIGMAS SURVIVED
Battlefield-Destroyed Enigmas
Destroyed by Grenades
Destroyed by Grenades
BATTLEFIELD DUG
RELIC ENIGMAS
A source of New Discoveries
7.65mm hole
indicates
That it was
Made by a
pistol.
( Probably a
German Mauser )
7.65mm hole indicates
that it was made by a pistol
Underwater Metal Locator
Enigma
Radios
Experimental Prop Speed Sensing Torpedo Parts
Enigma Recovered after 60 years in Lake
A German Mauser
Rifle Inflicted
The Damage
U-352
U-352
U-352
ENIGMA Recovered from German U-Boat U-85
sunk off North Carolina
Very Few Pictures of Enigmas in Action Survived ( from: Paolo Prevosto – Italy)
from Helge Fykse - Norway
from Helge Fykse - Norway
( from: Paolo Prevosto – Italy)
Very Few Enigmas survived
The “Imitation Game” ENIGMA
S/N 17534 - Made late in the war.
Discovered in Germany and restored
by EnigmaMuseum.com Sold to Bletchley Park in 2010
Enigma Historians
Bletchley Park 2009
www.EnigmaMuseum.com
American WW-II M-209
Cipher Machine
American WW-II “Sigaba” Cipher Machine
Russian Cold War
Cipher Machine Codenamed “FIALKA”
Best General Reading: “Seizing the Enigma” by David Kahn
Enigma Information Sources http://EnigmaMuseum.com/references/
Websites www.CipherMuseum.com
www.EnigmaMuseum.com
www.nsa.gov/about/cryptologic_heritage/museum/
Books & CD-ROM David Kahn: Seizing Enigma
Andrew Hodges: Alan Turing: the Enigma
*Tom Perera: Inside Enigma
*Tom Perera: The Story of the Enigma CD-ROM
*order from:
*( www.arrl.org/shop/History-and-Adventure/?page=2 )
Simulators
Windows/Mac
http://users.telenet.be/d.rijmenants/en/enigmasim.htm
Enigma I-Phone Apps: Mininigma, The Enigma, etc.
Alan
Turing
The Universal
TURING MACHINE (1937) Conceptual Precursor to Today’s Computers
The TURING TEST: Can a Computer Think ?
Can a Person tell that he/she is talking to a Computer ?