Bread board for b.sc and engineering students

©2008 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.

PRESENTED BY:PROF. S.V.ANGADI,

DEPARTMENT OF PHYSICS K L E’S

J T COLLEGE,GADAG


RESISTOR COLOR CODING


Manufacturers typically use a color band system known as the resistor color code

Within this power point, you will learn how to identify the nominal resistance and the tolerance of a resistor


Resistor Color Code

The power rating is not indicated in the resistor color code and must be determined by experience using the physical size of the resistor as a guide.

For resistors with 5% or 10% tolerance, the color code consists of 4 color bands.

For resistors with 1% or 2% tolerance, the color code consists of 5 bands.


4-Band Resistors The resistor nominal value is encoded in the color code in Powers of Ten Notation. The template for determining the nominal value and tolerance of a resistor with 4 color bands is given below:

1st Band = 1st Significant Digit

2nd Band = 2nd Significant Digit

3rd Band = Multiplier

4th Band = Tolerance

___ ___ 10 ____ %


How do we know which color corresponds to which number?

Answer: Using the Resistor Color Code Table


Example 1. Determine the nominal resistance value and the tolerance for the resistor shown below.

Solution:

Nominal value = 10102= 1,000

Tolerance = 5%.

___ __ 10 ____ % 1

Brown =1

0

Black =0

2

Red =2

5

Gold = 5%


It is typical to express the resistance value in:k if the resistance 1,000M if the resistance 1,000,000.

To convert from to k, to M, or vice-versa, use the table below:

In the previous example we would say the resistor has a nominal value of:

k1

000,1

000,1


Example 2. a) Determine the nominal value and tolerance for the resistor below.

b) What is the minimum resistance value this resistor can actually have?

c) What is the maximum resistance value this resistor can actually have?

Solution:

___ ___ 10 ____ %

Resistor nominal value = 47103 = 47,000 = 47k.

Yellow =4

4

Violet =7

7

Orange =3

3

Gold = 5%

5

Tolerance = 5%


SOLUTION: CONTINUED

Minimum resistance value:Multiply the nominal value by the tolerance and then subtract this from the nominal value:

k

kk

kk

65.44

35.247

05.0*4747

Maximum resistance value:

Multiply the nominal value by the tolerance and then add this to the nominal value:

k

kk

kk

35.49

35.247

05.0*4747


Example 3. a) Determine the nominal value and tolerance for the resistor below.

b) What is the minimum resistance value this resistor can actually have?

c) What is the maximum resistance value this resistor can actually have?

Solution:

___ ___ 10 ____ %

Resistor nominal value = 39105 = 3,900,000 = 3.9M.

Orange =3

3

White =9

9

Green =5

5

Silver = 10%

10

Tolerance = 10%


SOLUTION: CONTINUED

Minimum resistance value:nominal value – nominal value * tolerance:

M

MM

MM

51.3

39.09.3

1.0*9.39.3

Maximum resistance value:

nominal value + nominal value * tolerance:

M

MM

MM

29.4

39.09.3

1.0*9.39.3


5-Band Resistors For resistors with 1% or 2% tolerance, the color code

consists of 5 bands.

1st Band = 1st Significant Digit

2nd Band = 2nd Significant Digit

3rd Band = 3rd Significant Digit

4th Band = Multiplier

5th Band = Tolerance

___ ___ ___ 10 ____ %

The template for 5-band resistors is:


Example 4. Determine the nominal resistance and tolerance for the resistor shown below.


___ ___ ___ 10 ____ %

Brown = 1

1

Black =0

0

Black = 0

0

Brown = 1

1

Red = 2%

2

Tolerance = 2%

Solution:


Example 5. Determine the nominal resistance and tolerance for the resistor shown below.


___ ___ ___ 10 ____ %

Blue = 6

6

Gray = 8

8

Black = 0

0

Orange = 3

3

Brown = 1%

1

Tolerance = 1%

Solution:


Which side of a resistor do I read from?

A question that often arises when reading the color code of real resistors is: how do I determine which side of a resistor do I read from?

Answer:

For 4-band resistors a gold or silver band is always the last band.

If the resistor has 5 bands or if there is no tolerance band (20%), then the first band is the one located closest to a lead.


Converting the Nominal Resistance and Tolerance into the Color Code

We are given the nominal value and the tolerance and we have to come up with the color code.

1. Resistors with 5% and 10% Tolerance will have 4-bands

4-Band Resistors

2. Convert nominal value to ohms ()

3. 1st digit (from left to right) of nominal value = 1st color band

4. 2nd digit of nominal value = 2nd band

5. Number of zeros remaining = 3rd (multiplier) band

6. Tolerance = 4th band


Example 6. Specify the color code of a resistor with nominal value of 27k and a tolerance of 10%.Solution:

2 7 , 0 0 0

2) Convert the nominal resistance value to from k.

1) Since resistor Tolerance = 10% it will have 4-bands.

Violet = 7Red = 2 Orange = 3 10%


Example 7. Specify the color code of a resistor with nominal value of 1.5k and a tolerance of 5%.Solution:

1 , 5 0 0

2) Convert the nominal resistance value to from k.


Green = 5Brown = 1 Red = 2 5%


Converting the Nominal Resistance and Tolerance into the Color Code

1. Resistors with 1% and 2% Tolerance will have 5-bands

5-Band Resistors

2. Convert nominal value to ohms ()

3. 1st digit (from left to right) of nominal value = 1st color band

4. 2nd digit of nominal value = 2nd band

5. 3rd digit of nominal value = 3rd band

6. Number of zeros remaining = 4th (multiplier) band

7. Tolerance = 5th band


Example 8. Specify the color code of a resistor with nominal value of 2.5M and a tolerance of 1%.Solution:

2 , 5 0 0 , 0 0 0

2) Convert the nominal resistance value to from M.


Green = 5Red = 2Yellow = 4 1%Black = 0


CAPACITOR COLOR CODING Capacitor – is an electrical device having two plates or electrodes where differences of potential exist insulated by a dielectric.


Types of Capacitor

Fixed Capacitor – Fixed condenser is a radio spare parts in which value can not be change readily while in used. Fixed condenser are used for bypass condenser, for coupling condenser. For filter condenser and for de coupling condenser


Variable Condenser – A variable condenser is a radio spare parts in which value can be changed while in used. This type of condenser are use for padding and for trimmer capacitor.


› Gang capacitor – A variable capacitor is a radio spare parts in which value can readily be changed while in used. This type of condenser are used fro tunning circuit to locate a radio station, this is also known as gang condenser.


Color Coding a Capacitor

The color band of the condenser is in one end of the condenser body. There are four color band and the first color is located nearest to the end of the body. The second color band comes next then the third color band. It is the Three first color band that gives the value of the condenser while the fourth color band indicate the working voltage.


Example 1: Green, Black, Orange, Gold

5 0 000 pfd1000VConvert your answer to microfarad

(Mfd) by moving six decimal places to the left.

0.05 mfd 1000V


Ceramic capacitor For ceramic capacitor copy

the first two numbers and the last number will represent the number of zero base on its value.


CERAMIC CAPCITOR

Example 1:

20000 pfd= convert your answer to microfarad by moving six decimal places to the left.

0.02mfd

203


CERAMIC CAPCITOR

Example :

50000 pfd= convert your answer to microfarad by moving six decimal places to the left.

0.05mfd

503


Buses

Buses

Groups of 5

Groups of 5

Four separate buses and 48 separate groups of 5 are shown here.

Strip #22 solid wire 1/4 inchto 3/8 inch on each end.

Many components havecompatible leads.


The front side of a breadboardBuses

Group of 5



The back side of a breadboard

Metal strips

Metal strips



Continuity

No continuity

ContinuityNo continuity

No continuity

How the groups and buses work

1 kW

560 W

470 W

Series circuit

+

+

1 kW560 W470 W

+

Parallel circuit (with a common mistake)

+


.47/

63VCC

VCC

In

Out

In

Out

Breadboarding a transistor amplifier


.47/

63VCC

VCC

In

Out

In

Out

Is this also correct?

Previous slide

Double check the pin numbers when working with ICs.

1 7

814


VCC

A digital circuit

Pull-up

Current limit

VCC

Observepolarity!

A

A C

C


General guidelines:

• Do not force wires larger than #20 gage. Add soldered extensions using #22 solid wire.

• Use an IC removal tool or use a screwdriver to carefully pry up ICs for removal.

• Use buses for power and ground distribution.• Add bypass capacitors to power buses.• Check and recheck before applying power.• Cut off ends and re-strip jumpers when they are worn.• Do not breadboard high power, high current or high

voltage circuits.• RF circuits usually won’t work properly, if at all.• Keep high gain circuits inline and avoid long jumpers.• Adapters are available for SMT devices.


Thank you

Bread board for b.sc and engineering students

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