Brdy 6Ed Ch16 AcidBases

8/9/2019 Brdy 6Ed Ch16 AcidBases

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Jespersen/Brady/HyslopChemistry:TheMolecularNatureofMatter,6E

Arrhenius Acids and Bases

Acidproduces H3O+in water

Basegives OH

Acid-base neutraliation Acid and ase co!ine to produce water and a

salt"E!" H#l$a%& + 'aOH$a%& H(O + 'a#l$a%&

H3O+$a%&+ #l$a%&+ 'a+$a%&+ OH$a%&

(H(O + #l$a%&+ 'a+$a%& Many reactions rese!le t)is wit)out

*or!ing H3O+or OHin solution

(


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#as $hase Acid-Base 'ot covered y Arr)enius de*inition

E!" N%&'()* %Cl'()

N%+Cl's)

3


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Brnsted-o.ry /efinition Acid proton donor

Base proton acceptorAllows *or gas p)ase acidase reactions

E!" %Cl * %0 %&** Cl2

%Cl 3acid

-onates H+

4ater 3base

Accepts H+.


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Con5u(ate Acid-Base $air

pecies t)at di**er y H+

E!" %Cl * %0

%&** Cl2

%Cl 3acid

4ater 3base

%&*

#on0ugate acid o* H(O

Cl2

#on0ugate ase o* H#l

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ormic Acid is Bronsted Acid

2or!ic acid $H#HO(& is a weak acid

Must consider e%uiliriu!

%C%0'a7)* %0 C%02'a7)* %&

*'a7)

2ocus on *orward reaction


7/61Jespersen/Brady/HyslopChemistry:TheMolecularNatureofMatter,6E

ormate 8on is Bronsted Base

'ow consider reverse reaction

Hydroniu! ion trans*ers H+to #HO(

4

%&1*

* C% 10%C%10 * %01

con0ugate pair

con0ugate pair

acid ase acid ase



earnin( Chec9

con5u(ate base con5u(ate acid

H#l

'H3

H#(H3O(

#'2

H2

5

6denti*y t)e #on0ugate 7artner *or 8ac)

Cl

N%+*

C0%&02

%CN

2



earnin( Chec9

9rite a reaction t)at s)ows t)at H#O3is a

Br:nsted acidw)en reacted wit) OH

H#O3$a%&+ OH$a%&

9rite a reaction t)at s)ows t)at H#O3is a

Br:nsted basew)en reacted wit) H3O+$a%&

H#O3$a%&+ H3O

+$a%&

;

H2CO3(aq)+ H2O()

H2O()+ CO32(aq)



our Turn; 6n t)e *ollowing reaction, identi*y t)e acid/ase

con0ugate pair" $#H3&('H + H(O. $#H 3&('H

++ HO.

A" $#H3&('H / H(O. < $#H3&('H

+

/ HO.

B" $#H3&('H / $#H3&('H

+< H(O./ HO.

#" H(O./ HO.< $#H3&('H

+/ $#H3&('H

-" H(O./ $#H3&('H < $#H3&('H+

/ HO.

=>



Amphoteric



our Turn; 9)ic) o* t)e *ollowing can act as an

a!p)oteric sustance

A" #H3#OOH

B" H#l#" 'O(

-" H7O.(

=(



=eactions of



$osition of Acid-Base E7uilibrium Acetic acid $H#(H3O(& is .ea9 acid

6oniCes only slig)tly in water%C0%&0'a7)* %0'>) %&

*'a7)* C0%&02'a7)

weaker acid weaker ase stronger acid stronger ase

Hydroniu! ion BetterH+donor t)an acetic acid



our Turn; 6n t)e reaction?

H#l + H(O H3O+ + #l

w)ic) species is t)e weakest ase

A" H#l

B" H(O

#" H3

O+

-" #l

=



8n #eneral



earnin( Chec9

6denti*y t)e pre*erred direction o* t)e *ollowing

reactions?

H3O+$a%&+ #O3

($a%& H#O3$a%&+ H(O$@&

#l$a%&+ H#'$a%& H#l$a%&+ #'$a%&

=5



Trends in Binary Acid



earnin( Chec9

9)ic) is stronger H( or H(O

#H.or 'H3

H2 or H6

%0

Brdy 6Ed Ch16 AcidBases

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