BrazilianBrazilian InstituteInstitute forfor thethe EnvironmentEnvironment andand RenewableRenewable NaturalNatural ResourcesResources –– IBAMAIBAMA

EnvironmentalEnvironmental EmergenciesEmergencies CoordinationCoordination –– CGEMACGEMA

IBAMAIBAMA´́ss Prevention Measures for Oil Spills inPrevention Measures for Oil Spills in Inland Areas Along HighwaysInland Areas Along Highways

INOJOSA, Fernanda CunhaINOJOSA, Fernanda Cunha PirilloPirillo

OLIVEIRA, Cristiane deOLIVEIRA, Cristiane de

MASCARENHAS,MASCARENHAS, GutembergGutemberg MachadoMachado April, 2009

IBAMA Overview

• Federal Brazilian Institute for the Environment (similar to EPA)

• Agents: 5,000

• Nominated to deal with environmental emergencies: 150 agents

• IBAMA is not a first response institution. Its role is to monitor the accident and impose lawenforcement

When IBAMA Acts in an Emergency

• Accident is originated by a company that possesses an IBAMA permit

• Accident affects federal protected areas (e.g., National parks)

• Accident affects federal assets (federal rivers, highways, caves, etc.)

• Accident impacts are felt in more than one state or at the national frontier

• Nuclear material is involved

• National prosecutor requires action

• State´s environmental department requires or needs help

Freshwater in Brazil

Freshwater World Wide Comparisons – Brazil

Asia 32%

Africa 9%Europe

7%

America (other countries)

34%

Brazil 12%

Australia / Oceania 6%

(source: UNESCO)

Freshwater in America – Brazil

(source: UNESCO)

South America (other countries)

32%North America 34%

Central America 6%

Brazil 28%

Federal Highways in Brazil

BR 101 BR 163

BR 040 BR 116

BR 319

Freshwater + Highways

0 20 40 60 80 100 120

Not informed Not specified Not classified

Not applicable More than 1 substance

Miscellaneous (9) Corrosive (8)

Biohazard (6.2) Poison (6.1)

Organic Peroxide (5.2) Oxidizin agent (5.1)

Dangerous when Wet (4.3) Spontaneously Combustible Solids (4.2)

Flammable Solids (4.1) Flammable Liquids (3)

Poisonous Gas (2.3) Nonflammable gas (2.2)

Flammable gas (2.1) Gas (2)

Explosives (1)

"2008" "2007" "2006"

Environmental Accidents – Substances

0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90

Not informed

Water supply

Rivers/Streams

Lake

Beach

Population

Dead/injured

Sea

Fragile habitat

Flora

Fauna

Economic damage

Soil

Air

Ground Water

"2008" "2007" "2006"

Environmental Accidents – Impacts

Environmental Accidents – Sources

Industries 8%

Vessels 13%

Other 18%

Refinery 1%

Fuel posts 2% Pipeline

2%

Railway 6%

Platforms 5%

Storage 3%

Ports and harbours 4%

Dams 4%Highways

34%

Environmental Accidents in 2008 – Highways

Most dangerous Federal Highways – accidents with hazardous substances

1075 12%

1170 7%

1263 3%

3082 3%

1830 2%

Other 26%

1361 22%

1760 1% 1203

17% (gasoline)

1202 7%

(diesel)

Environmental Accidents in 2008 – Substances

Environmental Accidents in 2008 – Oil

Oil – 1st substance most involved in road accidents

Oil – 2nd substance most involved in road accidents

BrazilianBrazilian LawLaw

• Law 9.605/98 – “Crimes against the environment”

Article 56. To produce, process, package, import, export,sell, supply, transport, use or store product or toxicsubstance, dangerous or harmful to human health orthe environment, in disaccordance with the requirements established in laws or in its regulations:

Penalty – detention of one to four years and fine.

IBAMA´s Prevention Measures in Inland Areas

• Involves the following group of institutions: – IBAMA, Civil Defense, Federal

Highway Police, Regional Environment Agencies, etc.

• Consists of roadblocks in the most dangerous Federal Highways (First Step Measure)

• Inspections at companies liablefor illegal trucks (Second StepMeasure)

Roadblocks

During the roadblocks, the teams check: •• DocumentationDocumentation – driver´s license, environmental

agency permit, driver´s training certificate,invoice, etc.)

•• SafetySafety equipmentequipment – personal safety equipmen(mask, gloves, boots, etc.); and first responsequipment (warning signs, fire extinguisher,flashlights, cones, tools, etc.)

•• TruckTruck conditionsconditions – leaking, rusting, and crackingin the tank

Roadblocks

Roadblocks

Roadblocks

Roadblocks

(PRF)

Roadblocks

Would you breathe into it ??

(PRF)

(PRF)

Roadblocks

(PRF) (PRF)

EMPTY ??

Roadblocks

Penalties for illegal/irregular trucks:• Fines • Seizure of the truck

Liable for environmental crimes in transport: driver, owner of the product, transport company, buyer of the product.

Inspections

• When the government agents find irregularities during the roadblocks, the companies are selected for an inspection and can have their activities suspended

• Normally, when the truck is in bad shape, the company is also out of standards

Inspections

Inspections

Inspections

Inspections

Results

• Innovative approach in use at IBAMA, acting onprevention measures instead of remediation

• Educational focus

• Program held in 4 states in 2008

• BR $500,000,00 in fines (US $217,000,00)

Other Activities / Challenges in 2009/2010

• Expand the program to other states and highways

• National roadblock (educational)

• Develop contingencyplans for protectedareas crossed or surrounded byhighways

Brazilian National Contingency Plan ??

Future Cooperation

• How could we improve our actions? • Could our governments/companies work

together in the prevention of spills/contamination? – ICS – Technology exchange – Training

BrazilianBrazilian InstituteInstitute forfor thethe EnvironmentEnvironment andand RenewableRenewable NaturalNatural ResourcesResources –– IBAMAIBAMA

EnvironmentalEnvironmental EmergenciesEmergencies CoordinationCoordination –– CGEMACGEMA

(55) (61) 3316(55) (61) 3316--10701070

Fernanda.Pirillo@ibama.gov.br

Cristiane.Oliveira@ibama.gov.br

Gutemberg.Mascarenhas@ibama.gov.br

www.ibama.gov.br/emergencias