Viability of oilseed rape (Brassica napus L.) seeds under salt stress.PDF
Brassica napus Oil Crop By: Edwin Mendez HORT 404 Plant Breeding.
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Transcript of Brassica napus Oil Crop By: Edwin Mendez HORT 404 Plant Breeding.
Introduction of Brassica napusTaxonomy, origin, production, and uses
Plant culture and StructureGrowing Requirements and morphological structures.
Parental GenomeTriangle of U
Objectives of Lecture
Breeding Objective
Breeding TechniquesNeed for broadening genetic materialExample of breeding for early-flowering.
Biotechnology ApplicationMaking canola oil into Margarine
Objectives of Lecture
Taxonomic Classification
Family: Brassicaceae
Genus: Brassica
Species: B. napus
Common name: rape, rapeseed, canola, or annual
Origin
The origin of rape is as yet indefinite, but is most likely the Eurasian region, since the oldest known references to its cultivation have come from India, China and Japan approximating to BC 2000.
Production
Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAOSTAT 2006)
Rank Country Million Metric Tons1 China 126490102 Canada 91051003 India 81300004 Germany 53365005 France 41444856 United Kingdom 18700007 Poland 1651525
United States of America 718000
Producion Quantity Rapeseed (2006)
General Products from Rapeseed
Low Erucic Acid Concentration in Oil
Edible OilWaste MealCanola Meal Seed Meal for livestock feed
Edible Rapeseed - Uses
Rapeseed is the third leading source of vegetable oil in the world
Canola Oil
Plant Culture
Soil Type - Prefers Loamy soils
Nutrient Requirements - High Nitrogen
Plant density - A row spacing of 15 cm
Light intensity - Full sun
Temperature - Prefers Moderate during growth, below 25 ºC day
The Triangle of U is a theory which describes the evolution and relationships between members of the plant genus Brassica.
Triangle of U
Brassica napus Genome
Amphidiploid
AACC
n=2x=19
Self-Pollinated varieties and cross pollinated varieties.
Parental Material
Combination of B. rapa (AA, n=10) and B. Oleracea (CC, n=9) forms gives rise to B. Napus.
Principal Breeding Objectives
Seed yield (extraction of oil)***Oil content and oil quality***Breeding for early floweringResistance to frost/coldResistance to diseasesResistance to pestResistance to lodging
Centers of Genetic Collections
Proposed origin such as China, India and JapanCultivated varietiesGermplasm available at different research station in India
Centers of Genetic Collections
Indigenous collections
Collection of exotic germplasm from Bengla Desh, China, Russia, Pakistan and Afghanistan
Breeding
Due to its origin, B. napus contains the genetic variability of only those sub-species or varieties involved in the original crosses.Thus making the genetic base very narrow.
Strategy to broaden the genetic basis is the
production or resynthesized rapeseed by crossing
theoriginal ancestors.
Breeding for Early Flowering: Brassica napus
Increase yielding crop***
Adapt Cultivar to other location
Early time to reach market
Testing Hybrid
Test in the different locations. Used markers to test indicating the presence or absence of early flowering gene.Test oil quality and quantity of new hybrid.
Biotechnology uses in Brassica napus
In the current market, most margarine and shortening are high in bad fatty acid. The type of fatty acid chain in canola oil did not let it solidified at room temperature.
Canola lines expressing the antisense stearoyl-ACP desaturase (delta-9 desaturase) gene allows the oil to become solid at room temperature.
It is low in saturated fat, rich in Vitamin E and a good source of omega-3 fatty acids.
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brasica_resynth2.gif&imgrefurl=http://polyploid.agronomy.wisc.edu/material/brassica.html&h=307&w=437&sz=6&hl=en&start=2&sig2=Npp6GxjKedjETZMHcoFf0g&um=1&tbnid=lr1sfiMeS8uTFM:&tbnh=89&tbnw=126&ei=6cEOSN3RIqP-iQHTuvS3Cg&prev=/images%3Fq%3DB.%2Brapa%2Band%2BB.%2BOleracea%2B%26um%3D1%26hl%3Den%26rls%3Dcom.microsoft:en-us%26sa%3DNhttp://images.google.com/imgres?imgurl=http://www.kursus.kvl.dk/shares/plantbreed/previous%2520years
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