Branchial Apparatus

8/3/2019 Branchial Apparatus

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The branchial apparatus consists of five branchial arches, four branchialgrooves, four branchial pouches developing at the region of pharynx. It

constitutes to the development of head and neck.

The arch no. 5 degenerates. So, we have 1,2,3,4 and 6 arches.


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Arch Main nerve Small nerve

Maxillary process Maxillary nerve -------------------

Mandibular

process

Mandibular nerve Chorda tympani of

facial nerve

2nd arch Facial nerve (7th ) Tympanic branch of

glossopharyngealnerve

3rd arch Glossopharyngeal

nerve (9th )

Internal laryngeal

4th arch External laryngeal

nerve (11th )

--------------------

6th arch Recurrent laryngeal

nerve (11th )

--------------------

Nerve supply of the arches


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Arch Skeletal structures

Maxillary

process

*Squamus part of temporal bone

*zygomatic bone *Palatine bone

*Maxilla

Mandibular

process

(Mickelscartilage)

*Dorsal part------ Malleus +Incus

*Middle part----- Anterior ligament of malleus+

Sphenomandibular ligament*Ventral part---- Disappears (mandible devalops around it )

2nd arch

(Reichertscartilage)

*Dorsal part------ Stapes + Styloid process

*Middle part----- Stylohiod ligament*Ventral part----- Upper part of body of hyoid + lesser

cornu of hyoid bone

3rd arch *Greater cornu + lower part of hyoid bone

*Upper part of epiglottis

4th arch *Upper part of thyroid cartilage

*Lower part of epiglottis

6th arch *Lower part of thyroid cartilage

*Cricoid+ Arytenoid+ Corniculate+ cuneiform cartilage

I Mesodermal Derivatives


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Arch Muscles

Maxillary process No

Mandibular process

(Mickels cartilage)

*Four Muscles Of mastication

*Tensor palati *Tensor tympeni

*Mylohyoid *Anterior belly of digastric

2nd arch

(Reichertscartilage)

*Muscles of face, scalp and auricle

*Posterior belly of digastric*Stapedius *Stylohyoid

Platysma

3rd

arch *Stylopharyngeus4th arch *Cricothyroid

*Conistrictors of pharynx*Levator palati

6th arch *Intrinsic muscles of Larynx except cricothyroidmuscle


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Arch or Pouch Derivatives

1st Pouch *Middle ear and mastoid antrum

*Auditory tube and inner layer of tympanicmembrane

2nd Pouch *Palatine tonsil

3rd Pouch *Inferior parathyroid gland (Dorsal portion)*Thymus gland ( Ventral portion)

4th Pouch *Superior parathyroid gland ( Dorsal portion)*Ultimobranchial Body (Ventral portion)


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Arch Derivatives

1st Arch *Epidermis of the skin covering the mandible and

maxilla, lower lip and lateral part of upper lip

*Enamel of teeth*Tragus of the ear

1st Cleft *External auditory meatus

*Outer layer of tympanic membrane

Second Arch The caudal growth of the second arch Operculum Epidermis of the skin of the side of the neck

3rd ,4th and 6th

Arches

They lie at the bottom of the cervical sinus and leave

no traces


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1-External cervical sinus:

Due to failure of obliteration of the cervical sinus.

2-Internal cervical sinus:

It open into the oropharynx.

3-Branchial cyst:

Due to closure of the external opening leaving a

space in the neck as a painless cyst.

4-Branchial fistula:

A connection between the normal sinus and

oropharynx forming a canal passing between the

external and internal carotid arteries.


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Prof.: Dr. Wafaa Abdel-Rahman

Branchial Apparatus

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