Brain Structural and Functional Changes Associated with Addiction and Recovery Qinghua He, Ph.D....

Brain Structural and Functional Changes Associated with Addiction and Recovery

Qinghua He, Ph.D.Associate Professor

Southwest University, Chongqing, China

AgendaAddiction and its underlying neural mechanism

MRI and fMRI background

Structural and Functional changes associated with Food Addiction

Structural and Functional changes associated with Facebook Addiction

Structural and Functional changes associated with Cocaine Addiction and Recovery

AddictionSubstance Dependence

Cocaine; Heroin; Methamphetamine; Nicotine; etc.

Behavior AddictionInternet Addiction; Overeating; Pathological gambling; Compulsive shopping; etc.

Neural Mechanisms underlying Addiction

Noel, Brevers, Bechara, 2013, Current Opinions in Nueorbiology

MRI scannerSuperconducting

1-7 Tesla for human magnets

f/MRI scanning

Source: http://www.cis.rit.edu/class/schp730/lect/lect-2.htm

Gray Matter Analysis

Source: http://www.martinos.org/neurorecovery/technology.htm

Borrowed from FSL Course 2012, Bristol, UK

Food AddictionCompulsive eating

Binge eating

Obesity

Brain Structure Bases

He et al., 2015, Brain Structure and Function

Brain Structure Bases

Regression Analysisall three factors made unique contributions to BMI

Mediation Analysis IGT score in the first 40 trials mediated the association between GMV in the MCC region and BMI (indirect effect = -0.23, p<0.05) as well as between the number of white matter tracks passing this region and BMI (indirect effect = -0.27, p<0.05).

He et al., 2015, Brain Structure and Function

Functional Bases

He et al., 2014, Nutrition Journal

Functional Bases

He et al., 2014, Frontiers in Neuroscience

Food AddictionImpulsive System

Hyper-active

Inhibition Control SystemHypo-active

Facebook Addiction

Turel & He et al., 2014, Psychological Reports

Facebook Addiction

Impulsive SystemHyper-active

Control SystemMaybe intact





Structural and Functional changes associated with Cocaine Addiction and Recovery

The Cocaine study

PurposeCombine fMRI, sMRI and DTI to understand the neurocognitive mechanism and recovery of drug addiction

sMRIGray matter volume, cortical thickness

DTIWhite matter tractography

fMRICue Task

Cup Task

Resting State

Method SummaryGroup Difference

A VS Controls; difference between users and control

A VS D | A VS BCD effects of recover

D VS Controls the brain region not showing recover

Correlation with Years of recoveryPositive

Negative

Cue Task (BOLD)Cocaine-related pictures VS Nature pictures

Block design

Cocaine AddictionActually, the ACC activation showed a positive activation with recover; but VMPFC does not

The activation of ACC seems recover

But the activation of the VMPFC never recover

SummarySubstance Addiction is like a brain disease

Some of the brain function were damaged permanently

Some functions could recover

Different neural systems were engaged in different types of addictions

Impulsive system mostly engaged in the Facebook Addiction

Impulsive system and reflective system engaged in the food Addiction

The decision making process doesn’t seem to recover in Cocaine Addiction

Acknowledgements

UCLAProf. Yih-Ing Hser

USCProf. Antoine Bechara

Dr. Lin Xiao

Beijing Normal University

Prof. Qi Dong

Prof. Gui Xue

Dr. Chunhui Chen

UC IrvineProf. Chuansheng Chen

The Ohio State University

Prof. Zhong-Lin Lu

Cal State FullertonProf. Ofir Turel

Questions?

Brain Structural and Functional Changes Associated with Addiction and Recovery Qinghua He, Ph.D....

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