Brain Images of Normal Subjects (BRAINS) Bank David Alexander Dickie Dr Dominic E. Job.
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Transcript of Brain Images of Normal Subjects (BRAINS) Bank David Alexander Dickie Dr Dominic E. Job.
![Page 1: Brain Images of Normal Subjects (BRAINS) Bank David Alexander Dickie Dr Dominic E. Job.](https://reader038.fdocuments.in/reader038/viewer/2022110116/5515ed68550346dd6f8b5267/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Brain Images of Normal Subjects (BRAINS) Bank
David Alexander Dickie
Dr Dominic E. Job
![Page 2: Brain Images of Normal Subjects (BRAINS) Bank David Alexander Dickie Dr Dominic E. Job.](https://reader038.fdocuments.in/reader038/viewer/2022110116/5515ed68550346dd6f8b5267/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
Background
• Age and disease affect brain structure
• The effects are disparate
• Much MRI data are needed
• ~300 normal ageing (>60yrs) subjects
• “Atlases” of the aged brain are limited
![Page 3: Brain Images of Normal Subjects (BRAINS) Bank David Alexander Dickie Dr Dominic E. Job.](https://reader038.fdocuments.in/reader038/viewer/2022110116/5515ed68550346dd6f8b5267/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
Background
• Brain Images of Normal Subjects (BRAINS) bank >1000 normal sbjs >60yrs
• BRAINS models and atlases calculate distributions (not assume)
• Data requires much image processing– Pilot ~200 normal, ~200 AD sjbs, 60-94 years
![Page 4: Brain Images of Normal Subjects (BRAINS) Bank David Alexander Dickie Dr Dominic E. Job.](https://reader038.fdocuments.in/reader038/viewer/2022110116/5515ed68550346dd6f8b5267/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
MR Image processing
![Page 5: Brain Images of Normal Subjects (BRAINS) Bank David Alexander Dickie Dr Dominic E. Job.](https://reader038.fdocuments.in/reader038/viewer/2022110116/5515ed68550346dd6f8b5267/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
Brain extraction
![Page 6: Brain Images of Normal Subjects (BRAINS) Bank David Alexander Dickie Dr Dominic E. Job.](https://reader038.fdocuments.in/reader038/viewer/2022110116/5515ed68550346dd6f8b5267/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
Brain extraction
• Brain Extraction Tool (BET) commonly used
![Page 7: Brain Images of Normal Subjects (BRAINS) Bank David Alexander Dickie Dr Dominic E. Job.](https://reader038.fdocuments.in/reader038/viewer/2022110116/5515ed68550346dd6f8b5267/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
Brain extraction
• Brain Extraction Tool (BET) commonly used
![Page 8: Brain Images of Normal Subjects (BRAINS) Bank David Alexander Dickie Dr Dominic E. Job.](https://reader038.fdocuments.in/reader038/viewer/2022110116/5515ed68550346dd6f8b5267/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
Template based brain extraction
• Advanced Normalization Tools (ANTS) http://www.picsl.upenn.edu/ANTS/
• Uses diffeomorphic (super nonlinear) spatial normalisation
![Page 9: Brain Images of Normal Subjects (BRAINS) Bank David Alexander Dickie Dr Dominic E. Job.](https://reader038.fdocuments.in/reader038/viewer/2022110116/5515ed68550346dd6f8b5267/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
Image registration
![Page 10: Brain Images of Normal Subjects (BRAINS) Bank David Alexander Dickie Dr Dominic E. Job.](https://reader038.fdocuments.in/reader038/viewer/2022110116/5515ed68550346dd6f8b5267/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
ANTS diffeomorphic spatial normalisation
![Page 11: Brain Images of Normal Subjects (BRAINS) Bank David Alexander Dickie Dr Dominic E. Job.](https://reader038.fdocuments.in/reader038/viewer/2022110116/5515ed68550346dd6f8b5267/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
ANTS diffeomorphic spatial normalisation
![Page 12: Brain Images of Normal Subjects (BRAINS) Bank David Alexander Dickie Dr Dominic E. Job.](https://reader038.fdocuments.in/reader038/viewer/2022110116/5515ed68550346dd6f8b5267/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
ANTS diffeomorphic spatial normalisation
• But catastrophes still happen
![Page 13: Brain Images of Normal Subjects (BRAINS) Bank David Alexander Dickie Dr Dominic E. Job.](https://reader038.fdocuments.in/reader038/viewer/2022110116/5515ed68550346dd6f8b5267/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
ANTS diffeomorphic spatial normalisation
• ANTS takes ~1 hour per subject (computer)
• Still requires by slice checking– ~10 minutes checking per subject
• 460 subjects took ~2.5 months
• Catastrophes still happen
• >1000 subjects in full-scale study
![Page 14: Brain Images of Normal Subjects (BRAINS) Bank David Alexander Dickie Dr Dominic E. Job.](https://reader038.fdocuments.in/reader038/viewer/2022110116/5515ed68550346dd6f8b5267/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
Data driven brain volume models
• Statistical models oft used in brain imaging– The general linear model (GLM)
• Assume data generation and distribution
• Transformations lose natural data, have risks, complexity
• Image banks support data driven models
![Page 15: Brain Images of Normal Subjects (BRAINS) Bank David Alexander Dickie Dr Dominic E. Job.](https://reader038.fdocuments.in/reader038/viewer/2022110116/5515ed68550346dd6f8b5267/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
Brains are heteroscedastic
![Page 16: Brain Images of Normal Subjects (BRAINS) Bank David Alexander Dickie Dr Dominic E. Job.](https://reader038.fdocuments.in/reader038/viewer/2022110116/5515ed68550346dd6f8b5267/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
See, they’re different
![Page 17: Brain Images of Normal Subjects (BRAINS) Bank David Alexander Dickie Dr Dominic E. Job.](https://reader038.fdocuments.in/reader038/viewer/2022110116/5515ed68550346dd6f8b5267/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
Data driven vs. general models
DDPM has ~65% less error
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![Page 19: Brain Images of Normal Subjects (BRAINS) Bank David Alexander Dickie Dr Dominic E. Job.](https://reader038.fdocuments.in/reader038/viewer/2022110116/5515ed68550346dd6f8b5267/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
Data driven brain voxel models
• Statistical voxel based morphometry (VBM)– The general linear model (GLM)
• Assumes data generation and distribution
• Transformations lose natural data, smoothing
• Image banks support data driven models
![Page 20: Brain Images of Normal Subjects (BRAINS) Bank David Alexander Dickie Dr Dominic E. Job.](https://reader038.fdocuments.in/reader038/viewer/2022110116/5515ed68550346dd6f8b5267/html5/thumbnails/20.jpg)
BRAINS atlasesBRAINS
MNI 152
![Page 21: Brain Images of Normal Subjects (BRAINS) Bank David Alexander Dickie Dr Dominic E. Job.](https://reader038.fdocuments.in/reader038/viewer/2022110116/5515ed68550346dd6f8b5267/html5/thumbnails/21.jpg)
Image registration
![Page 22: Brain Images of Normal Subjects (BRAINS) Bank David Alexander Dickie Dr Dominic E. Job.](https://reader038.fdocuments.in/reader038/viewer/2022110116/5515ed68550346dd6f8b5267/html5/thumbnails/22.jpg)
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BRAINS atlases
![Page 23: Brain Images of Normal Subjects (BRAINS) Bank David Alexander Dickie Dr Dominic E. Job.](https://reader038.fdocuments.in/reader038/viewer/2022110116/5515ed68550346dd6f8b5267/html5/thumbnails/23.jpg)
BRAINS atlases
Alzheimer’sNormal
Red=95th
![Page 24: Brain Images of Normal Subjects (BRAINS) Bank David Alexander Dickie Dr Dominic E. Job.](https://reader038.fdocuments.in/reader038/viewer/2022110116/5515ed68550346dd6f8b5267/html5/thumbnails/24.jpg)
![Page 25: Brain Images of Normal Subjects (BRAINS) Bank David Alexander Dickie Dr Dominic E. Job.](https://reader038.fdocuments.in/reader038/viewer/2022110116/5515ed68550346dd6f8b5267/html5/thumbnails/25.jpg)
![Page 26: Brain Images of Normal Subjects (BRAINS) Bank David Alexander Dickie Dr Dominic E. Job.](https://reader038.fdocuments.in/reader038/viewer/2022110116/5515ed68550346dd6f8b5267/html5/thumbnails/26.jpg)
White matter lesions
![Page 27: Brain Images of Normal Subjects (BRAINS) Bank David Alexander Dickie Dr Dominic E. Job.](https://reader038.fdocuments.in/reader038/viewer/2022110116/5515ed68550346dd6f8b5267/html5/thumbnails/27.jpg)
White matter lesions
95
75
50
25
5 A
Percentile
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95
75
50
25
5 A
Percentile
White matter lesions
![Page 29: Brain Images of Normal Subjects (BRAINS) Bank David Alexander Dickie Dr Dominic E. Job.](https://reader038.fdocuments.in/reader038/viewer/2022110116/5515ed68550346dd6f8b5267/html5/thumbnails/29.jpg)
Percentiles of grey matter density in a normal ageing and Alzheimer’s disease subject
Alzheimer’sNormal
Alzheimer’s disease has lowest percentiles of GM in MTL
5th
95th
50th
25th
75th
Percentile
![Page 30: Brain Images of Normal Subjects (BRAINS) Bank David Alexander Dickie Dr Dominic E. Job.](https://reader038.fdocuments.in/reader038/viewer/2022110116/5515ed68550346dd6f8b5267/html5/thumbnails/30.jpg)
Bad
OK
Good
Percentiles of grey matter density in a normal ageing and Alzheimer’s disease subject
Alzheimer’sNormal
Alzheimer’s disease has lowest percentiles of GM in MTL
![Page 31: Brain Images of Normal Subjects (BRAINS) Bank David Alexander Dickie Dr Dominic E. Job.](https://reader038.fdocuments.in/reader038/viewer/2022110116/5515ed68550346dd6f8b5267/html5/thumbnails/31.jpg)
Alzheimer’s Control
5th
95th
50th
25th
75th
Percentile
Median percentile image of grey matter density in Alzheimer’s disease (n=49) and control (n=49) subjects
Alzheimer’s has lowest percentiles of GM across the cortex, specifically hippocampus.
![Page 32: Brain Images of Normal Subjects (BRAINS) Bank David Alexander Dickie Dr Dominic E. Job.](https://reader038.fdocuments.in/reader038/viewer/2022110116/5515ed68550346dd6f8b5267/html5/thumbnails/32.jpg)
BRAINS vs. VBM
![Page 33: Brain Images of Normal Subjects (BRAINS) Bank David Alexander Dickie Dr Dominic E. Job.](https://reader038.fdocuments.in/reader038/viewer/2022110116/5515ed68550346dd6f8b5267/html5/thumbnails/33.jpg)
BRAINS vs. VBM
• Needs data
• Less assumptions
• Anatomical resolution
• Specific anatomy
• Individuals
• Size of differences
• Simpler
![Page 34: Brain Images of Normal Subjects (BRAINS) Bank David Alexander Dickie Dr Dominic E. Job.](https://reader038.fdocuments.in/reader038/viewer/2022110116/5515ed68550346dd6f8b5267/html5/thumbnails/34.jpg)
SINAPSE SPIRIT, MRC, Tony Watson
Thank you