Brain Computer Interfaces

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You can make it with BCI ！

Introduction

• Brain-computer interface (BCI) is a fast-growing emergent technology, in which researchers aim to build a direct channel between the human brain and the computer.

• A Brain Computer Interface (BCI) is a collaboration in which a brain accepts and controls a mechanical device as a natural part of its representation of the body.

• Computer-brain interfaces are designed to restore sensory function, transmit sensory information to the brain, or stimulate the brain through artificially generated electrical signals.

Introduction

BCI Model

Model

Early work

• Algorithms to reconstruct movements from motor cortex neurons, which control movement, were developed in 1970s.

• The first Intra-Cortical Brain-Computer Interface was built by implanting electrodes into monkeys.

• After conducting initial studies in rats during the 1990s, researchers developed Brain Computer Interfaces that decoded brain activity in monkeys and used the devices to reproduce movements in monkeys and used the devices to reproduce monkey movements in robotic arms.

How does it work?• Signal Acquisition • Signal Processing

• Devices

Brain Wave Control

Brain Wave Control

• Active – α (8 – 12 Hz): relaxed/reflecting– β (12 – 30 Hz): alert/working

- Training- Misjudgment

Brain Wave Control

• Passive– Evoked potentials

Data Acquisition

• Invasive BCIs• Non-Invasive BCIs• Partially-Invasive BCIs• Wireless BCIs

Invasive BCIs

• Implanted: grey matter• Signals: highest quality • Scar-tissue build-up• Target:

– repairing damaged sight– providing new functionality to persons with

paralysis• Artificial Vision System

Electrode Arrays

App.- Artificial Vision4X4

16 pixels8X8

64 pixels12X12

144 pixels

16X16256

pixels

32X321024 pixels

128X12816384 pixels

Non-Invasive BCIs

• poor signal resolution• power muscle implants and restore partial

movement• Interfaces

– EEG– MEG– MRI

MEG

• Magnetoencephalography• Magnetic Field: 10-15T ~10-13T (Weak!!)

– S.Q.U.I.D. Sensors– Shielded Room

Magnetic Field

Partially-Invasive BCIs

• Implanted: skull• lower risk of forming scar-tissue in the brain• Signal quality between invasive BCIs & non-

invasive BCIs

Wireless BCIs

• More practical• Embedding multiple chips

– More complicated thoughts• Transmission with RF• key requirement: keep the heat down

Wireless BCIsSize: 2cm in diameter、 8cm

thickLow costReceive Distance: 10m ~ 50m

Examples of BCI

Rats implanted with BCIs in Theodore Berger’s experiments

Monkey operating a robotic arm with BCIs

Controlling a robotic dog with BCI

A man operates the computer with his EEG

P300->300ms

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Applications

• Control robots that function in dangerous or inhospitable situations (e.g., underwater or in extreme heat or cold).

• Create a feedback loop to enhance the benefits of certain therapeutic methods.

• Develop passive devices for monitoring function, such as monitoring long-term drug effects, evaluating psychological state, etc.

• Monitor stages of sleep

Honda Asimo Control

Gaming Control

Eyes can say a lot…

Bionic Eye

And an artificial eye can see a lot…

Advantages of BCI:

Eventually, this technology could:allow paralyzed people to control prosthetic limbs with their mindtransmit visual images to the mind of a blind person, allowing them to seetransmit auditory data to the mind of a def person, allowing them to hearallow gamers to control video games with their mindsallow a mute person to have their thoughts displayed and spoken by a computer

Disadvantages of BCI:Research is still in beginning stagesThe current technology is crudeEthical issues may prevent its developmentElectrodes outside of the skull can detect very few electric signals from the brainElectrodes placed inside the skull create scar tissue in the brain

Disadvantages

• Headache

• Exhausting

• Laziness Degenerate

Future

• Integrate with different territory

• From lab to factory

• Nursing and medical treatment

Fiction or Future??

Conclusion• A potential therapeutic tool.

• BCI is an advancing technology promising paradigm shift in areas like Machine Control, Human Enhancement, Virtual reality and etc. So, it’s potentially high impact technology.

• Several potential applications of BCI hold promise for rehabilitation and improving performance, such as treating emotional disorders (for example, depression or anxiety), easing chronic pain, and overcoming movement disabilities due to stroke.• Will enable us to achieve singularity very soon.

• Intense R&D in future to attain intuitive efficiency.

Thank You!