BRAIN COMPUTER INTERFACE

CONTROLLING COMPUTERS BY THOUGHTS

BY

M. ANIL KUMAR

VIGNAN’S ENGINEERING COLLEGEVADLAMUDI,GUNTUR.

BCI MEANS…?

BCI is a new communication link between a functioning human brain and the outside world.

BCI transforms mental decisions into control signals by analyzing the bioelectrical brain activity.

Introduction:

Most of the studies have concentrated on the BCI for control of prosthesis, rehabilitation and interfaces for users with motor disabilities.

The commercial brain-computer interface devices are emerging in gaming industry.

The brain robot interface becomes an important trend for human-robot interfaces in the future.

History:

The Research on brain-computer interface (BCI) began in the 1970s at the University of California Los Angeles.

The idea of “reading” the brain to detect intended actions and to use extrapolated signals to move robots or prosthetic devices has been developed by researchers over 40 years

A generic BCI system

Continuous Brain Waves

Type Frequency

Location Use

Delta <4 Hz everywhere occur during sleep, coma

Theta 4-7 Hz temporal and parietal

correlated with emotional stress(frustration & disappointment)

Alpha 8-12 Hz occipital and parietal

reduce amplitude with sensory stimulation or mental imagery

Beta 12-36 Hz parietal and frontal can increase amplitude during intense mental activity

Mu 9-11 Hz frontal (motor cortex)

diminishes with movement or intention of movement

Lambda sharp, jagged

occipital correlated with visual attention

Vertex higher incidence in patients with epilepsy or encephalopathy

Generally grouped by frequency: (amplitudes are about 100µV max)

Methods of extracting signals from brain:

Invasive BCI’s

Non Invasive BCI’s•Electro encephalography(EEG)•Magneto encephalography(MEG)•Functional magnetic resonance imaging(fMRI)•Near Infrared Spectroscopy(NIRS)

Signal acquisition – invasive:

.

00:00:0100:00:00

4-fcz

3-fc1

2-fc3

1-fc5

N/A

real-time EEG

TJG S3 Runs 6 8 12: fft/pca, =-0.432, r2=0.653for targets [1 2],[27 27] trials at 22.5Hz (bin 8)

-0.25

-0.2

-0.15

-0.1

-0.05

0

0.05

0.1

0.15

0.2

0.25

real-time MEGReal-time fMRI

Signal acquisition – non-invasive: EEG, MEG, fMRI

Research activities:

Monkey- Robot arm

They implanted multiple electrodes spread over a greater area of the monkey brain to obtain neuronal signals to drive a BCI.

Honda, Brain-Machine Interface Technology Enabling Control of a Robot by Human Thought Alone:

ASIMO humanoid robot makes corresponding movements.

More than 90% accuracy rate was achieved in the tests.

CONSUMER-DEVICES OF BRAIN-COMPUTER INTERFACES

Neural Impulse Actuator(NIA):

•The NIA extracts the EEG signal of muscles, brain and eyes, respectively.

•It is powered and communicated directly by PC via a USB port.

The Mindset has a rechargeable lithium-ion battery and communicates to the PC via built-in Bluetooth.

The MindSet provides software to characterize the mental states into Attention or Meditation

NeuroSky MindSet:

Future developments

Better signal detection (SVM...)

BCI illiterates (what prevents learning?)

Shortening training time

Improving learning (neurobiological and psychological basis)

New recording methods (NIRS, ECoG)

Conclusion…..!

References: : [1] “A Roadmap for US Robotics”, http://www.us-robotics.us/ May 21, 2009 [2] B. Zhang, “Three-Dimensional Laser-Assisted Image Analysis for

Robotic Surface Operation with Camera-Space Manipulation,” Ph.D. dissertation, Dept. Aerospace and Mechanical Eng., University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN, 2007.

[3] http://www.biocontrol.com/eeg.html [4]http://www.asel.udel.edu/speech/Spch_proc/eeg.html

[5]Toward a P300-based Computer InterfaceJames B. Polikoff, H. Timothy Bunnell, & Winslow J. Borkowski Jr.Applied Science and Engineering LaboratoriesAlfred I. Dupont Institute

[6] B. Zhang and S. B Skaar, “Robotic De-Palletizing Using Uncalibrated Vision and 3D Laser-Assisted Image Analysis,” in 2009 Proc. IROS conf., pp 3820-3825

Thank You