Braille Module 22 - Georgia Institute of...

Braille Module 22 Part-Word Contractions for ar, ed, er, gh, ow, ble, and ing LOC Literary Lesson 6, Section 6.1

PROFITT Curriculum Module # 22 — Part-Word Contractions

Braille Module 22-1

Braille Module 22 Part-Word Contractions for ar, ed, er, gh, ow, ble, and ing

LOC Lesson 6.1

Summary

Goal(s): The goal is for the students to gain a general understanding of the part-word contractions for ar, ed, er, gh, ow, ble, and ing.

SMART Objectives: Specific, Measurable, Achievable, Realistic, and Time-sensitive

By the end of this module, students should

be able to:

BS22.1: Know and understanding of the general rules for the part-word contractions for ar, ed, er, gh, ow, ble, and ing.

BS22.2: Demonstrate a growing proficiency and understanding of the rules for the part-word contractions.

BS22.3: Review and test on the part-word contractions for ar, ed, er, gh, ow, ble, and ing.

BS22.4: Increase speed of recall of braille symbols.

Instructor:

Braille instructor

Delivery Method(s):

Flash cards Lecture

Classroom reading Discussion One-on-one reading Hands on

Length:5 hours Four topics

Any Applicable Business and/or Soft Skills:

Corresponding LOC Manual: Lesson 6.1 with EBAE XII.38

Take Away Message(s): Braille transcribing is a lifelong learning process as the rules seem to progress as print changes and as technology becomes more prevalent. Focusing on the literary rules is very important. Searching for updates through available agencies will help you to stay informed. You will continually build on the foundation you started at the beginning of this course as you memorize the braille characters and learn the rules.


Braille Module 22-2

Instructor Preparation

Title of Module: Part-Word Contractions for ar, ed, er, gh, ow, ble, and ing

The purpose of this module is for students to be introduced to part-word contractions for ar, ed, er, gh, ow, ble, and ing pertaining to the braille code. The students will also continue the process of structuring. This module will allow the students to continue the practice of proofreading. The students will review and be tested on the information found

in Lesson 6.

Agenda – topics to be covered in the module and length of each item

Topic: Part-Word Contractions in General Time Allotted: 5 hours

A. Part-Word Contractions in General

(1 hour)

B. Part-Word Contractions for ar, ed, er, gh, ow, ble, and ing

(1.5 hours)

C. Review and Test

(1.5 hours)

D. Braille Bingo

(1 hour)

Materials and Supplies – items needed in order to carry out the agenda and classroom activities

1. LOC Manual

2. Drill book

3. EBAE

4. Index cards for making flashcards

5. Handouts: Lesson 6: Contraction List (22.A.1), Lesson 6:Quiz (22.A.2), Answers to Lesson 6.1:Quiz (22.A.3), Lesson 6.1: Worksheet 1 (22.B.1), Answers to Lesson 6.1: Worksheet 1 (22.B.2), Lesson 6.1: Worksheet 2 (22.B.3), Answers to Lesson 6.1: Worksheet 2 (22.B.4), Lesson 6.1: Test (22.C.1), Answers to Lesson 6.1: Test (22.C.2),

and BINGO Questions (Lessons 5-6) (22.D.1).

6. A copy of the Contraction Chart and answers.

7. You will need a copy of Lesson 6 flashcards (Les6Flashcards.docx).

8. You will need copies of the Proofreading Error sheet from Module 6 (6.A.1).

9. You will need BINGO cards for the students.


Braille Module 22-3

Classroom Preparation

1. Each workstation should have a computer, a braille writer, a slate and stylus, an LOC Manual, EBAE, a means of communicating with the embosser (network or thumb drive), braille paper (not-tractor feed), a braille eraser, pen/pencil, notebook, and highlighter.

2. Have the classroom flashcards prepared for Lesson 6 and materials for the students to make their own.

3. Have chalk and erasure board ready for use.


Braille Module 22-4

Curriculum Content

A. Know the Part-Word Contractions in General (1 hour)

Objective BS22.1: Know and understanding of the general rules for the part-word

contractions for ar, ed, er, gh, ow, ble, and ing.

PREINSTRUCTIONAL ACTIVITIES

The instructor will be familiar with section 6.1 pertaining to the part-word contractions in

general for ar, ed, er, gh, ow, ble, and ing.

You will need copies of: Lesson 6: Contraction List (22.A.1), Lesson 6: Quiz

(22.A.2) and Answers to Lesson 6: Quiz (22.A.3).

You will need a copy of Lesson 6 flashcards (Les6Flashcards.docx).

You will need copies of the Proofreading Error sheet from Module 6(6.A.1).

CONTENT PRESENTATION AND LEARNER PARTICIPATION

The instructor will pass out the Lesson 6: Quiz (22.A.2). The quiz is an inquiry to the knowledge of the students prior to studying Lesson 6 in class. This quiz is to test to see if

the student has read the lesson prior to class.

The quiz contains all of the braille characters the students will learn in Lesson 6. This

includes part-word contractions for ar, ed, er, gh, ow, ble, and ing. The directions for the

quiz are to fill in the table with the contractions from Lesson 6.

The outcome of this quiz is to test the students of their knowledge of the new braille

characters from Lesson 6.

The instructor will use the classroom flashcards for Lesson 6. The flashcards for Lesson 6

introduces the part-word contractions for ar, ed, er, gh, ow, ble, and ing. Start out slowly

and pick up speed. Hold each card up and allow the students to shout out the

contractions. Then allow time for you to call on the students’ one at a time. This will help

to allow each student to test their memory.

Some reminders to the students:

“This list of contractions has no whole-word meaning. They are used as parts of words whenever the letters they represent occur.

Use the flashcards in and out of the classroom to your advantage. The flashcards

will help you to memorize the contractions quicker.”

If time permits you may also want to review the flash cards from Lesson 5.


Braille Module 22-5

Have the students make their flashcards for Lesson 6 using the index cards.

Continue to encourage the use of the flash cards in the class room and privately.

As a class the students will read and discuss LOC Manual: Lesson 6.1 and EBAE XII.38

about the part-word contractions for ar, ed, er, gh, ow, ble, and ing in general.


“You will still be splitting words at the end of the braille line in this lesson,

whenever possible. Therefore, pay attention to if these contractions are with or

without punctuation and use the applicable rule.”

B. Know Part-Word Contractions for ar, ed, er, gh, ow, ble, and ing (1.5 hours)

Objective BS22.2: Demonstrate a growing proficiency and understanding the rules for the

part-word contractions.


The instructor will be familiar with section 6.1a-g pertaining to know how to use these contractions when they fall into prefixes, suffixes, solid compound words, digraphs, diphthongs, and trigraphs, avoiding difficulty in pronunciation, consonants pronounced

separately, and numbers followed by contractions. They will also be familiar with Drill 18.

You will need copies of: Lesson 6.1: Worksheet 1 (22.B.1), Answers to Lesson 6.1: Worksheet 1 (22.B.2), Lesson 6.1: Worksheet 2 (22.B.3) and Answers to Lesson 6.1: Worksheet 2 (22.B.4).

You will need copies of the Proofreading Error sheet from Module 6(6.A.1).

Each student will need a copy of the Contraction chart. The instructor will have a copy of the Answers to the Contractions Chart (Lesson 6Contractionschart.xls).


As a class the students will read and discuss Lesson 6.1a-g which covers the part-word contractions for ar, ed, er, gh, ow, ble, and ing, concerning prefixes, suffixes, solid compound words, and digraphs (dipththongs), and trigraphs avoiding difficulty in

pronunciation, consonants pronounced separately, and numbers followed by contractions..

Take turns as a class to read the braille (embossed) answers to Drill 18 from the drill book. This will help the students to get a visual idea of reading the embossed copy.



Braille Module 22-6

“Remember to say the character of every cell, such as punctuation marks, number indicators, blank cell, etc. This will help you to catch any mistakes. This practice will help you when you get to proofreading your manuscript.

By now you should be getting better at reading aloud. This will help you to

proofread your manuscript when you get to that point.

Take your time when you are reading. Remember to be patient and quiet whenever

someone else is reading.”

Next students will complete Drill 18 on Page 6-4 using Perky Duck.

Some reminders to the students before they transcribe drill 18:

“Always print out your Drills to proofread. Yes you can proofread on the computer,

but chances are you will not be able to catch your mistakes as fully as a print copy.

By now you have learned quite a few contractions. Use the tools you were given to find all the contractions in the text. Look up the rules whenever you have a question to see if the contraction can or cannot be used. Then mark your paper so

you don’t have to continue to questions yourself.

Remember to thoroughly structure your print copy prior to transcription. Proofread

your own work before handing it to someone else to proofread.

There is a healthy competition. So continue to challenge one other as you study. Encourage each other to memorize these contractions through the use of the

flashcards.”

When the students have completed this activity, which includes proofreading their own work, they can exchange drills and proofread each other’s work using the “How to

Successfully Proofread” steps.

The instructor will hand out the Lesson 6: Worksheet 1 (22.B.1).This worksheet was created for the students to practice their knowledge of reading 10 complete sentences in simulated braille and looking for all the contractions the student has learned up to this point. First the students will take turns reading this exercise with another student. Then they write the words out in longhand over the simulated braille. An answer key is

included.

The instructor will hand out the Lesson 6: Worksheet 2 (22.B.3). This worksheet was created for the students to search for the contractions learned in this lesson. The students will proofread each braille sentence highlight each braille cell that is incorrect. An answer key is included. Allow time to go over the worksheet and answer questions.


Braille Module 22-7

FOLLOW-THROUGH ACTIVITIES

The instructor will have the students bring out their copy of the Contraction Chart. The

students will fill in the boxes that pertain to the part-word contractions for ar, ed, er, gh,

ow, ble, and ing. Please allow time to go over this chart, fill in the boxes that apply, and

allow for questions/answers.


“Remember to fill out your Contraction Chart for this section. Today we learned

the part-word contractions ar, ed, er, gh, ow, ble, and ing. Use the “note” section

to remind yourself of the ways you can or cannot use the contraction. This will

save you valuable time when filled out correctly.

The Contraction Chart will be used throughout the braille modules as long as you

will be learning contractions. Take care of the one you have. Remember to fill it in

each time you learn new contractions.”

ASSESSMENT

Discuss the student’s response to these part-word contractions. Are they grasping the idea? Encourage the student’s to pay attention to the rules and they will begin to

comprehend how a contraction can be used in both ways, depending on the context.

C. Review and Test (1 hour)

ObjectiveBS22.3: Review and test on the part-word contractions for ar, ed, er, gh, ow,

ble, and ing.


The instructor will be familiar with Lesson 6.1.

You will need the following handouts: Lesson 6.1: Test (22.C.1) and Answer to

Lesson 6.1: Test (22.C.2).


Review Lesson 6 of the LOC Manual. The review is designed to prepare the students for the test. The instructor is to go over each section with emphases on areas that will be on the test. Allow the students to ask any questions pertaining to the context of LOC Manual: Lesson 6.

The instructor will pass out the Lesson 6.1: Test (22.C.1) to each student. This test consists of filling in tables, True or False questions, and matching definitions. An answer

key is included.


Braille Module 22-8

The expected outcome of the test will help both the instructor and the students to understand the students’ strengths and weaknesses. This will allow them to work together to strengthen the students weaknesses in any area.

ASSESSMENT

This test is necessary for the students and the instructor to determine the knowledge acquired over Lesson: 6 of the Instruction Manual for Braille Transcribing Fifth Edition, 2009.It is expected that the students will fully grasp the rules for the part-word

contractions for ar, ed, er, gh, ow, ble, and ing.

D. Braille Bingo (1 hour)

Objective BS22.4: Increase speed of recall of braille symbols.


The instructor will be familiar with Lessons 5-6 of the LOC Manual and the instructions for

the BINGO game.

You will need a copy of the BINGO Questions (22.D.1) for Lessons 5-6.

If this is the first time playing you will need to print out several copies of the BINGO

Cards and one copy of the BINGO Numbers on card stock paper (Bingo.xls). This will

allow for reuse later in the modules. Each student can use 1 or 2 cards.

You will need Braille BINGO ribbons (Module 15: 15.D.2) printed on card stock paper

for the winners.


The Braille Bingo game allows the students to review the rules for this lesson. This

module covers Lessons 5 and 6. This review allows the instructor insight to see if the

students have a working knowledge of the rules.

Instructions:

Allow the students to review Lessons 5 and 6 prior to playing the game.

Pass out 1 or 2 BINGO cards to each student.

The instructor will ask the students a question from the list and the students will

raise their hand to answer the question.

o If the question is answered correctly the instructor will draw a number and call

it out.

o If the question is not answered correctly the instructor will pass to another

question and no number will be drawn.


Braille Module 22-9

When a student answers correctly the class may place their markers on the

appropriate space.

Whoever fills one line horizontally, vertically, or diagonally and yells “BINGO” first

will check their card with the BINGO numbers to see if they have won.

If the student has a line filled out they win.

You may have ribbons ready to pass out for the winners.

In the wrap up, the instructor will encourage study for retention.


Braille Module 22-10

Braille Module 22 Part-Word Contractions for ar, ed, er, gh, ow, ble, and ing LOC Literary Lesson 6, Section 6.1 Handouts and Answer Sheets



Lesson 6: Contraction List (22.A.1)

Contraction Part-Word Meaning

> ar

$ ed

] er

< gh

[ ow

# ble

+ ing

22.A.1



Lesson 6: Quiz (22.A.2)

Fill in the table with part-word meaning of the contractions shown.

Contraction Part-Word meaning

1. >

2. $

3. ]

4. <

5. [

6. #

7. +

22.A.2



Answers to Lesson 6: Quiz (22.A.3)



1. > ar

2. $ ed

3. ] er

4. < gh

5. [ ow

6. # ble

7. + ing

22.A.3



Lesson 6.1: Worksheet 1 (22.B.1)

First take turns reading this exercise with another student. Then write the

words out in longhand over the simulated braille.

1.01 °°#A4°,$I?°NE$$°\°(!°R$°S$AN4°°°°°°°°°°°

1.02 °°#B4°,!°T[EL°%[$°H[°DIRTY°Y°W]E6°°°°°°°

1.03 °°#C4°,P]U°IS°N°NE>°,>KANSAS4°°°°°°°°°°°

1.04 °°#D4°,WE°WENT°TO°!°BAK]Y°TO°GET°D\<NUTS

1.05 =°MY°SWEETHE>T4°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°

1.06 °°#E4°,:AT°WAS°T°DEROGATORY°REM>K8°°°°°°

1.07 °°#F4°,IN°!°,U,S°WE°L°\R°FREEDOM6°°°°°°°

1.08 °°#G4°,T°,AIREDALE°DOG°SKEDADDL$°ACROSS°

1.09 !°/REET4°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°

1.10 °°#H4°,I°WAS°!°#CB$°ONE°:O°PASS$°!°FINI%

1.11 LINE4°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°

1.12 °°#I4°,!°,/ATEROOM°HAS°GOLDEN°GO#TS°&°°°

1.13 M>#°FLOORS4°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°

1.14 °°#AJ4°,!°<\LI%°MONKEY°WAS°SW++°?R\<°!°°

1.15 =E/°NE>°,*>LEST[N4°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°

1.16 °°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°

1.17 °°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°

1.18 °°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°

1.19 °°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°

1.20 °°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°

1.21 °°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°

1.22 °°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°

1.23 °°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°

1.24 °°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°

1.25 °°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°

22.B.1



Answers to Lesson 6.1: Worksheet 1 (22.B.2)

First take turns reading this exercise with another student. Then write the

words out in longhand over the simulated braille.

1. Edith needed out of the red sedan.

2. The towel showed how dirty you were!

3. Peru is not near Arkansas.

4. We went to the bakery to get doughnuts for my sweetheart.

5. What was that derogatory remark?

6. In the US we like our freedom!

7. That Airedale dog skedaddled across the street.

8. I was the 32ed one who passed the finish line.

9. The Stateroom has golden goblets and marble floors.

10. The ghoulish monkey was swinging through the forest near Charlestown.

22.B.2



Lesson 6.1: Worksheet 2 (22.B.3)

Proofread each braille sentence on the following page and highlight each

braille cell that is incorrect. Remember to look in the rule book.

1. Edith will need a larger swing to ride on.

2. Sofia's laugh is contagious!

3. You need to use the child's towel to dry her hair.

4. Please do not speak those derogatory words again!

5. We like our freedom, but don't take it for granted.

6. Shall I go to the bakery in Charlestown?

7. Look in the bureau for the linen table cloth.

8. Marilyn and Chris canoed down the river and through the rapids, which was a problem.

9. The Airedale jumped and howled at the imagery shown on the screen.

10. Mr. Skedaddle was shanghaied by the officer.

11. Oedipus stood in line and ended up being the 231st one to get into the concert.

22.B.3



1.01 °°#A4°,$I?°W°NEED°A°L>G]°SW+°TO°RIDE°ON4

1.02 °°#B4°,S(IA'S°LAUGH°IS°CONTAGi\S6°°°°°°°

1.03 °°#C4°,Y°NE$°TO°USE°!°*'S°TOWEL°TO°DRY°°

1.04 HER°HAIR4°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°

1.05 °°#D4°,PLEASE°D°N°SPEAK°?OSE°D]OGATORY°°

1.06 WORDS°AGAIN6°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°

1.07 °°#E4°,WE°L°\R°FRE$OM1°B°DON'T°TAKE°X°=°

1.08 GRANT$4°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°

1.09 °°#F4°,%°,I°G°TO°!°BAK]Y°IN°,*>LE/[N8°°°

1.10 °°#G4°,LOOK°IN°!°BUREAU°=!°LINEN°TABLE°°

1.11 CLO?4°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°

1.12 °°#H4°,M>iLYN°&°,*RIS°CANOED°D[N°!°RIV]°

1.13 &°?R\<°!°RAPIDS1°:°WAS°A°PRO#M4°°°°°°°°°

1.14 °°#I4°,!°,AIR$ALE°JUMP$°&°H[L$°AT°!°IM-°

1.15 AGERY°%[N°ON°!°SCREEN4°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°

1.16 °°#AJ4°,MR4°,SKEDADDLE°WAS°%AN<AI$°BY°!°

1.17 (FIC]4°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°

1.18 °°#AA4°,OEDIPUS°/OOD°IN°LINE°&°END$°UP°°

1.19 BE+°!°#BCaST°ONe°TO°GET°INTO°!°CONC]T4°°

1.20 °°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°

1.21 °°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°

1.22 °°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°

1.23 °°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°

1.24 °°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°

1.25 °°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°

22.B.3



Answers to Lesson 6.1: Worksheet 2(22.B.4)

Proofread each braille sentence on the following page and highlight each

braille cell that is incorrect. Remember to look in the rule book.

1. Edith will need a larger swing to ride on.

2. Sofia's laugh is contagious!

3. You need to use the child's towel to dry her hair.

4. Please do not speak those derogatory words again!

5. We like our freedom, but don't take it for granted.

6. Shall I go to the bakery in Charlestown?

7. Look in the bureau for the linen table cloth.

8. Marilyn and Chris canoed down the river and through the rapids, which was a problem.

9. The Airedale jumped and howled at the imagery shown on the screen.

10. Mr. Skedaddle was shanghaied by the officer.

11. Oedipus stood in line and ended up being the 231st one to get into the concert.

1. Contract “ed” in need. 6.1

2. Contract “gh” in laugh. 6.1

3. Contract “ow” in towel and “er” in her. 6.1

4. Uncontract “er” in derogatory. 6.1a

5. Uncontract “ed” in freedom. 6.1b

6. Uncontract “st” in Charlestown. 6.1c

7. Contract “ble” in table. 6.1

8. Contract “ed” in canoed. 6.1d

9. Uncontract “ed” Airedale. 6.1e

10. Uncontract “gh” in shanghaied. 6.1f

11. Contract “st” in 23st. 6.1g

22.B.4



1.01 °°#A4°,$I?°W°NEED°A°L>G]°SW+°TO°RIDE°ON4

1.02 °°#B4°,S(IA'S°LAUGH°IS°CONTAGi\S6°°°°°°°°

1.03 °°#C4°,Y°NE$°TO°USE°!°*'S°TOWEL°TO°DRY°°

1.04 HER°HAIR4°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°

1.05 °°#D4°,PLEASE°D°N°SPEAK°?OSE°D]OGATORY°°

1.06 WORDS°AGAIN6°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°

1.07 °°#E4°,WE°L°\R°FRE$OM1°B°DON'T°TAKE°X°=°

1.08 GRANT$4°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°

1.09 °°#F4°,%°,I°G°TO°!°BAK]Y°IN°,*>LE/[N8°°°

1.10 °°#G4°,LOOK°IN°!°BUREAU°=!°LINEN°TABLE°°

1.11 CLO?4°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°

1.12 °°#H4°,M>iLYN°&°,*RIS°CANOED°D[N°!°RIV]°

1.13 &°?R\<°!°RAPIDS1°:°WAS°A°PRO#M4°°°°°°°°°

1.14 °°#I4°,!°,AIR$ALE°JUMP$°&°H[L$°AT°!°IM-°

1.15 AGERY°%[N°ON°!°SCREEN4°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°

1.16 °°#AJ4°,MR4°,SKEDADDLE°WAS°%AN<AI$°BY°!°

1.17 (FIC]4°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°

1.18 °°#AA4°,OEDIPUS°/OOD°IN°LINE°&°END$°UP°°

1.19 BE+°!°#BCaST°ONe°TO°GET°INTO°!°CONC]T4°°

1.20 °°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°

1.21 °°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°

1.22 °°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°

1.23 °°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°

1.24 °°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°

1.25 °°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°

22.B.4



Lesson 6.1: Test (22.C.1)



1. +

2. #

3. [

4. <

5. ]

6. $

7. >

List the contractions that you would use in the following words.

Word Part-word contractions

8. swinging

9. toward

10. whimper

11. Arkansas

12. edelweiss

13. ghoulish

14. Bible

15. Edith

16. cheddar

17. whimper

18. sight

19. goblet

20. finger

22.C.1



Answer True or False to the following sentences and state the rule to support your answer. 21. I can use ed in 911ed.True or False

22. I cannot use the ed contraction in kettledrum. True or False

23. I can use the ble contraction in sublet. True or False

24. I can use the er contraction in the word derogatory. True or False

25. I cannot use ing in ginger. True or False

26. I cannot use the ed contraction in freedom. True or False

27. I cannot use the st in Charlestown. True or False

28. I can use the er contraction in derivation. True or False

29. I cannot use er in diaeresis. True or False

30. I can use gh in shanghaied. True or False

31. I can use ed in skedaddle. True or False

Match the following words to the definition.

DIPHTHONG TRIGRAPH DIGRAPH

32. A _____________ is three letters combining to make one sound, e.g., the eau in bureau.

33. A _____________ is any two adjoining letters that combine to make one sound, e.g.,

the ph in graphic.

34. A _____________ is a digraph composed of two adjoining vowels that make one

sound, e.g., the oi in coil.

22.C.1



Answers to Lesson 6.1: Test (22.C.2)



1. + ing

2. # ble

3. [ ow

4. < gh

5. ] er

6. $ ed

7. > ar

List the contractions that you would use in the following words.

Word Part-word contractions

8. swinging ing, ing

9. toward ow, ar

10. whimper wh, er

11. Arkansas ar

12. edelweiss ed

13. ghoulish gh, ou, sh

14. Bible ble

15. Edith ed, th

16. cheddar ch, ed, ar

17. whimper Wh, er

18. sight gh

19. goblet ble

20. finger ing, er

22.C.2



Answer True or False to the following sentences. State the rule to support

your answer.

21. I can use ed in 911ed.True or False Rule 6.2

22. I cannot use the ed contraction in kettledrum. True or False Rule 6.1

23. I can use the ble contraction in sublet. True or False Rule 6.1

24. I can use the er contraction in the word derogatory. True or False Rule 6.1

25. I cannot use ing in ginger. True or False Rule 6.1

26. I cannot use the ed contraction in freedom. True or False Rule 6.1

27. I cannot use the st in Charlestown. True or False Rule 6.2

28. I can use theer contraction in derivation. True or False Rule 6.1

29. I cannot use er in diaeresis. True or False Rule 6.1

30. I can use gh in shanghaied. True or False Rule 6.2

31. I can use ed in skedaddle. True or False Rule 6.2

Match the following words to the definition. DIPHTHONG TRIGRAPH DIGRAPH 32. A TRIGRAPH is three letters combining to make one sound, e.g., the eau in bureau.

33. A DIGRAPH is any two adjoining letters that combine to make one sound, e.g., the

ph in graphic.

34. A DIPHTHONG is a digraph composed of two adjoining vowels that make one sound,

e.g., the oi in coil.

22.C.2



BINGO (22.D.1)

Questions: Lesson 5

1. Name the part-word contractions learned in Lesson 5?

Answer: ch, sh, th, wh, ou, and st

2. What kind of numbers did Lesson 5 discuss?

Answer: ordinal

3. True or False: You would use not the sign for wh in whale.

Answer: False

4. Like the contractions and, for, of, the, and with, the contractions in Lesson 5 can represent certain letter combinations that represent a ____ word or ____ of a

word.

Answer: whole, part

5. True or False: You would use the sign for ou in coupon.

Answer: True

6. When the contractions for Lesson 5 are standing alone they represent a whole word

beginning with those ____ ____.

Answer: letter combinations

7. True or False: You would not use the signs for ou and ch in touch.

Answer: False

8. True or False: You would use not the sign for st in pistol.

Answer: False

9. Name the whole-word contractions learned in Lesson 5.

Answer: child, shall, this, which, out, and stil

10. True or False: You would use the signs for th and st in thistle.

Answer: True

11. When the contractions for Lesson 5 are connected to other letters they take on

their ____ ____and become part of a word.

Answer: letter meaning 22.D.1



12. True or False: You would use the signs for wh and st in whitest.

Answer: True

13. When the contractions for Lesson 5 stand-alone they represent ____ ____.

Answer: whole words

14. The only instances in which these whole-word contractions may be used with the

apostrophe are in the words ____ and ____.

Answer: child's and still's

15. Name two words that contain an apostrophe from Lesson 5 that do not use the

whole-word contraction

Answer: this’ll and which’ll

16. True or False: You would use the sign for ch in Chicago.

Answer: True

17. True or False: These whole-word contractions are joined to other words by the hyphen to form hyphenated compound words, whether such words are written on

one line or divided between lines.

Answer: True

18. True or False: You would use the sign for th in thorn.

Answer: True

19. True or False: Unlike other whole-word contractions, these signs are not used to

represent proper names, such as (Still), Morris (and) Associates.

Answer: False, they are used.

20. True or False: In general, the part-word contractions for ch, sh, th, wh, ou, and st are used whenever the letters they represent occur within a word, even if they

overlap a minor syllable division.

Answer: True

21. True or False: You would not use the sign for sh in shoe.

Answer: False

22.D.1



22. True or False: Whenever the part-word contractions for ch, sh, th, wh, ou, and st are joined to other letters they take on their part-word meaning and lose their whole-word status. This rule applies even if a word is divided between lines and the

letters of a contraction stand on a line alone.

Answer: True

23. True or False: The sign for st cannot be used in mistrust.

Answer: True

24. A contraction should not be used where part of the letters fall into a prefix and the

rest fall into a ____ or ____ word.

Answer: base or root

25. True or False: The sign for sh cannot be used in mishap.

Answer: True

26. True or False: Part-word contractions are not used where they fall partly into one

component of a solid compound word and partly into another.

Answer: True

27. True or False: The sign for st can be used in mistake.

Answer: False

28. When you have a choice between two contractions, the one that uses the ____

____is usually preferred.

Answer: least space

29. True or False: The sign for sh can be used in mishandle.

Answer: False

30. When sh is used to mean an admonition to silence, the contraction for sh cannot be

used because it bears its whole-word meaning shall when ____ ____.

Answer: standing alone

31. True or False: The sign for ou cannot be used in prounion.

Answer: True

22.D.1



32. True or False: When in print the words Street or Saint are abbreviated St. (with the period), they should also be abbreviated in braille—and the contraction for st is used.

Answer: True

33. When they are abbreviated St (without the period), the letters, not the contraction,

are used because the contraction standing alone would be read as the word ____.

Answer: still

34. When Street and Saint are spelled out fully in print, ____ ____.

Answer: follow copy

35. The contractions for st and th should be used when writing ____ ____.

Answer: ordinal numbers

36. It should be noted that in print the second and third ordinal numbers are normally

formed by adding the endings nd and rd to the ____ ____2 and 3, respectively.

Answer: cardinal numbers

37. True or False: Occasionally second is represented by adding only the letter d to the

cardinal number. The letter n should be inserted in braille.

Answer: True

38. True or False: Use the whole-word contractions for child, shall, this, which, out and still when they are in direct contact with a slash.

Answer: False, do not use.

39. True or False: Do not use the part-word contractions for ch, sh, th, wh, ou and st, next to the slash.

Answer: False, do use.22.D.1

22.D.1



BINGO

Questions: Lesson 6

1. True or False: The sign for ar is used in Arkansas.

Answer: True

2. True or False: The sign for ed is not used in Edith.

Answer: False, is used.

3. True or False: Except where specific rules limit their use, the contractions in Lesson

6 are used as parts of words wherever the letters they represent occur.

Answer: True

4. True or False: The sign for ed is used in edelweiss.

Answer: True

5. True or False: The sign for ed is used in sedan.

Answer: True

6. True or False: The sign for ed is not used in cheddar.


7. Name the Part-Word Contractions from Lesson 6.

Answer: ar, ed, er, gh, ow, ble, and ing

8. True or False: The sign for ar is not used in garbage.


9. True or False: The sign for ar is used in bare.

Answer: True

10. True or False: The sign for er is not used in error.


11. True or False: The sign for er is used in Peru.

Answer: True

12. True or False: The sign for er is used in whimper.

Answer: True 22.D.1



13. True or False: The sign for gh is used in ghoulish.

Answer: True

14. True or False: The sign for gh is used in laugh.

Answer: True

15. True or False: The sign for gh is used in thorough.

Answer: True

16. True or False: The sign for eris used in erect.

Answer: False, is not used.

17. True or False: The sign for ow is not used in towel.


18. True or False: The sign for ble is used in marble.

Answer: True

19. True or False: The sign for ow is not used in toward.


20. True or False: The sign for ed is not used in predate.

Answer: True

21. True or False: The sign for er is used in rerun.

Answer: False, are not used.

22. True or False: The sign for er is used in derogatory.


23. True or False: The sign for ow is not used in drowsy.


24. True or False: The sign for ble is used in problem.

Answer: True

25. True or False: The sign for ing is not used in ginger.

Answer: False, is used. 22.D.1



26. True or False: The sign for ing is not used in fringe.


27. True or False: The sign for ble is used in goblet.

Answer: True

28. True or False: When, at the end of a braille line, a one-cell part-word contraction forms the last syllable of a word, there is no need to carry that syllable over to a new line because it could be inserted in the same space that is occupied by the hyphen.

Answer: True

29. True or False: The sign for ing is not used in swinging.


30. True or False: Like the contractions previously studied, these contractions are used where part of the letters of the contraction fall into a prefix and the rest into a root

or base word.


31. True or False: The sign for ed is not used in reduce.

Answer: True

32. In a few words, the beginning letters se constitute a prefix meaning “____.”

Answer: "apart."

33. True or False: The sign for ar is not used in infrared.

Answer: True

34. A ____ is any two adjoining letters that combine to make one sound, e.g., the ph in

graphic.

Answer: DIGRAPH

35. Although the er contraction cannot be used in derive because de is a prefix, it is

used in derivation because both the e and the r fall into the same ____.

Answer: syllable

36. True or False: The sign for ed is not used in edict.

Answer: True 22.D.1



37. True or False: When the prefix se is followed by the letter d, as in seditious, the ed contraction cannot be used because it would overlap between the prefix and the root word.

Answer: True

38. True or False: In the easily read words around, arise, and arose the ar contraction

is used, even though in these cases the a is a prefix.

Answer: True

39. A ____ is three letters combining to make one sound, e.g., the eau in bureau.

Answer: TRIGRAPH

40. Tell why the sign for ed is not used in freedom.

Answer: These contractions are not used where part of the letters comprising them

fall into a base or root word and the remainder into a suffix.

41. Tell why the er contraction is used in bakery.

Answer: The er contraction is used because all the letters of the contraction fall

within the same syllable—a rule that takes precedence over the suffix rule.

42. Tell why the sign for ed is not used in kettledrum.

Answer: Contractions are not used where they fall partly into one component of a

solid compound word and partly into another.

43. Tell why the contraction st in used in Charleston.

Answer: This is not a component of a solid compound word.

44. True or False: In order to preserve proper pronunciation, the letters of a digraph or a trigraph must not be separated.

Answer: True

45. True or False: Note that all adjoining vowels are diphthongs.

Answer: False, not all

46. True or False: The diphthongs ae and oe are sometimes printed together (æ, œ) and in braille they are transcribed per print.

Answer: False, Transcribed as separate letters.

22.D.1



47. A ____ is a digraph composed of two adjoining vowels that make one sound, e.g.,

the oi in coil.

Answer: DIPHTHONG

48. Another general restriction on the use of contractions is that they are not used if their use would cause difficulty in pronunciation, especially in ____ or ____ used

words.

Answer: uncommon or rarely

49. True or False: Do not use a contraction when two adjoining consonants are

pronounced separately.

Answer: True

50. True or False: Until the student becomes accustomed to traditional braille treatment of words that contain diphthongs or have adjoining consonants that are pronounced separately, it is best to consult the Typical and Problem Word List in

the back of this book or the Braille Enthusiast's Dictionary.

Answer: True

51. True or False: When a suffix that constitutes a contraction is added to a number to

create a verb, the contraction is used.

Answer: True

22.D.1

Braille Module 22 - Georgia Institute of...

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