B.pharm 7 Semester Project Seminar

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Preliminary phytochemical screening & antimicrobial activity of ethanolic extract of whole aerial part of the herb Leucas plukenetii (Roth) Spreng (family- lamiaceae) Presented by UTTAM BORAH (ROLL NO-1405511005) B.Pharm 7th Semester (Under the guidance of Mr Biswajit Dash) 1

Transcript of B.pharm 7 Semester Project Seminar

Page 1: B.pharm 7 Semester Project Seminar

Preliminary phytochemical screening & antimicrobial activity of ethanolic extract of whole aerial part of the herb Leucas plukenetii

(Roth) Spreng (family- lamiaceae)

Presented by UTTAM BORAH (ROLL NO-1405511005)

B.Pharm 7th Semester

(Under the guidance of Mr Biswajit Dash) 1

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CONTENTS

Aim & Objectives

Introduction

Literature Review

Plan of Work

Bibliography 2

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Aim & Objectives

Aim: The evaluation of the antimicrobial potency of Leucas plukenetii (f-laminaceae ) collected from the Narayanpur, Assam.

Objectives:

The present objective of the study is-

Extraction of active constituent from the dried leaf

Preliminary phytochemical screening of extract.

Antimicrobial activity of extract comparison to standard. 3

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Natural Sources of Antimicrobial Agents

[1]4

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Plant Profiles• Biological source: it consisted of the dried whole herb of Leucas plukenetii

(synonym: Leucas aspera ) belonging to the family lamiaceace.• Local Name- Doron Ban• Habit: An annual herb with square stem.• Leaves : Opposite, linear-oblong or oblong lanceolate• Flowers :Sessile, ciliate with long hairs; Corolla white, rounded.• Fruit: Oblong, smooth, brown, inner face sharply angular, the dorsal face

rounded.• Flowering and fruiting time : July-October• Geographical Distribution: North-eastern India• Plant form : herb [3]

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• The leaves and flowers are used by the kavirajes to treat tooth infections and mucus. [4]

• It is applied on inflamed parts to relieve pain and inflammation & having nasal decongestant activity. [5]

• Leave paste made with lime juice applied externally in the treatment of headache.

• Flowers obtained from the herb was macerated and extract put dropwise into opposite side of nostril to reduce migraine.

• Leaves with pepper and garlic used in case of snake bite.

• Whole plant dugout early in the morning and made into paste with water to treat wounds and worms. [6]

Ethnomedicinal Uses

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Phyto chemistry

• Phenolic compounds: Sadhu et al. (2003) isolated eight Phenoloic compounds from the methanol extract of the whole plant[7].

• Flavonoids: Free flavonoid ‘baicalein’ was reported in the ethereal fraction of hydro methanolic extract of flower [8]

• Terpenoids: The herbs were found to contain high amount of a-farnesene, α-thujene and menthol. [9,10]

• Glycosides: Flavonoidal glycoside, baicalin , from the fresh flower, showed significant biphasic RBC membrane stabilization activity against hypotonicity induced hemolysis [8]

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Literature Review

ANTIMICROBIAL ACTIVITIES1. Sandosskumar et al. (2007) concluded that the aqueous extract of the leaves was found

to be inactive against fungal strains- Aspergillus flavus [11], 2. Mangathayaru et al., (2005) reported significant antimicrobial activity for the

alkaloidal fraction and the total methanol extract the flowers [27].3. Satyal et al., (2013) reveals that the essential oil of the plant showed no activity

against E. coli, P. aeruginosa, and C. albicans [13]4. Ilango et al., (2008) evaluated and found that both Ethyl acetate extract (EAE) and

Methanolic extract (ME) of plant exhibited moderate to significant and concentration dependent antibacterial activity [14]

5. Chew et al. (2012) evaluated the antimicrobial activity of crude extracts of root, flower, leaf and reported that they having notable antibacterial activity. [15]

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Literature Review

CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM ACTIVITY1. Rahman et al. (2007) found that ethanolic extract of root showed significant peripheral antinociceptive activity at a dose of 400 mg/kg . [16]ANTIOXIDANT ACTIVITY:1. Rahman et al. (2007) reported significant activity was found in the ethanolic extract of root.

[16]2. Chew et al. (2012) evaluated antioxidant activity methanol extract of root and it possessed

antioxidant activity near the range of vitamin E and thus could be a potential rich source of natural antioxidant.[15]

CYTOTOXICITY1. Krishnaraju et al. (2005) proves that the hydro alcoholic extract of whole plant exhibited cytotoxicity (LC50 = 1,900 µg/ml) and this activity was more in the root extract [16]. INSECTICIDAL AND REPLANT ACTIVITY2. Krishnaraju et al. (2005) claimed that leaf extract exhibited significant larvicidal activity against first, second, third and fourth instar larvae of Culex quinquefasciatus [17].

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Literature Review

ANTI-INFLAMMATORY ACTIVITY1. Reddy et al. (1986) reported that whole plant extract have anti-inflammatory activity

and caused degranulation of mast cells [18]. 2. Saundane et al., (2000) concluded that, on preliminary screening of ethanol and dis

tilled water extracts exhibited significant anti-inflammatory activity, whereas only ethanol (95%) extract produced long term analgesia in the experimental animals. [19]

3. Srinivas et al. (2000) reported that the dried leaves of for the alcoholic and aqueous extracts of the plant possessed significant anti-inflammatory activity against carrageenan-induced paw. [19]

4. Goudagoa et al.(2003) conclude that the alkaloid fraction of the crude ethanolic extract is accountable for the anti-inflammatory activity. [20]

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Plan of work

Step-I

• Collection of Plant Material From Narayanpur.• Authentication of Plant Material by GU.

Step - II

• Washing of the Plant Material using Water.• Drying and Grinding of plant material.

Step-III

• Extraction of Plant Material (Soxhlet Apparatus).• Preliminary phytochemical screening of extract.

Step-IV• Determination of Antimicrobial Activity.

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1. Sadhu SK, Okuyama E, Fujimoto H, Ishibashi M. Separation of Leucas aspera, a medicinal plant of Bangladesh, guided by prostaglandin inhibitory and antioxidant activities. Chem. Pharm. Bull, 2003; 51: 595-598.

2. Http://www.Who.Int/mediacentre/factsheets/fs194/en/ [accessed 10 august 2016]

3. Http://www.Efloraofgandhinagar.In/herb/leucas-aspera [accessed 10 august 2016]

4. Mohammed R, Das AK, Ariful Md., Haque M, Rownak J, khan M, Rahman T, Chowdhury MH. An ethnomedicinal survey of dhamrai sub-district in dhaka district, bangladesh. American-eurasian journal of sustainable agriculture, 2009; 3: 881-888.

5. Rahmatullah Q., Bhatti R, Rabia AM. Ethnomedicinal uses of herbs from northern part of nara desert, Pakistan. Pak. J. Bot., 2010; 42(2): 839-851.

6. Parinitha M, Harish GU, VIVEK NC, Mahesh T, and Shivanna MB, Etahnobotanical wealth of Bhadra Wild life sanctuary of Karnataka, Indian Journal of Traditional knowledge, 2004; 3(1): 37-50.

7. Sadhu SK, Okuyama E, Fujimoto H, Ishibashi M. Separation of Leucas aspera, a medicinal plant of Bangladesh, guided by prostaglandin inhibitory and antioxidant activities. Chem. Pharm. Bull, 2003; 51: 595-598.

8. Manivannana R, Sukumar D. The RBC membrane stablisation in an in vitro method by the drug isolated from leucas aspera. Int. J. Appl. Sci. Eng, 2007;5: 133-138.

Bibliography

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9. Gerige SJ, Yadav MK, Rao DM, Ramanjeneyulu R. GC-MS analysis and inhibitory efficacy of Leucas aspera L. Leaf volatile oil against selected microbes. Niger. J. Nat. Prod. Med.,2007; 11: 80-83.

10. Mangathayaru K, Amitabha G, Rajeev R, Kaushik V. Volatile constituents of Leucas aspera (W illd.) Link. J. Ess. Oil res., 2006; 18: 104-105

11. Sandosskumar R, Karthikeyan M, Mathiyazhagan S, Mohankumar M, Chandrasekar G, Velazhahan R. Inhibition of aspergillus flavus growth and detoxification of aflatoxin B1 by the medicinal plant zimmu (Allium sativum L. Allium cepa L.). World j. Microbiol. Biotechnol., 2007; 23: 1007-1014.

12. Mangathayaru k, Lakshmikant J, Sundar NS, Swapna R, Grace XF, Vasantha J. Antimicrobial activity of Leucas aspera flowers. Fitoterapia, 2005; 76: 752-754.

13. Satyal P, Paudel P, Poudel A, Getzer WN. Microbiological activities ofvolatile constituents of Leucas aspera (willd.) Link from nepal journal of natural pharmaceuticals. 2012 ; 3 : 118-119.

14. Ilangos k. Ramya S and Gopinath G. Antibacterial activity of Leucas aspera spreng. Int. J. Chem. Sci.2008; 6 :526-530

15. Www.Sciencedirect.Com/science/article/pii/s2221169112600379[accessed 25 november 2016]

16. Rahman MS, Sadhu SK, Hasan CM. Preliminary antinociceptive, antioxidant and cytotoxic activities of Leucas aspera root. Fitoterapia,2007; 78: 552-555.

Bibliography

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17.Krishnaraju AV, Rao TVN, Sundararaju D, Vanisree M, Tsay HS, Subbaraju GV. Assessment of bioactivity of Indian medicinal plants using brine shrimp (Artemia salina) lethality assay. Int. J. Appl. Sci. Eng., 2005; 3: 125-134.

18.Redy Mk, Viswanathan S, Sambantham PT, Ramachandran S, Kameswaran l. Effects of Leucas aspera on experimental inflammation and mast cell degranulation. An. Sci. Life, 1986; 5: 168-171.

19.Srinivas K, Rao SS. Anti-inflammatory activity of heliotropium indicum linn. And Leucas aspera spreng. In albino rats.Indian J. Pharmacol., 2000; 32: 37-38.

20.Goudgaon NM, Basavaraj NR, Vijayalaxmi A . Anti-inflammatory activity of different fractions of Leucas aspera spreng. Indian J.Pharmacol., 2003; 35: 397-398.

Bibliography

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Thanks for

Listening16