Bph Embriology

8/10/2019 Bph Embriology

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Introduction

Historic drawing of the fetal male urogenital system

The male gonad, the testis, differentiates embryonically initially under the influence of the Y

chromosome. Later under the influence the gonad-derived fetal testosterone acting throughandrogen receptors, a region of the urogenital sinus (U!" mesenchyme differentiates to formthe primordial prostate buds. The buds then signal bac# to the overlying epithelium, inducing

duct formation, this was one of the early studied ($%&'s" e)ample of an mesenchymal-epithelial

interaction in development. *nterestingly, the female e+uivalent gland originally called !#enesgland, then paraurethral gland has now also been renamed the female prostate.

The reproductive function of the prostate becomes active at puberty where prostate secretions

contribute the maority by volume of the eaculate containing spermatooa.

The prostate gland is generally in the news due to its late postnatal adult growth changes,

enlarged due to benign nodular hyperplasia, and the male health effects of prostate cancer.rostate cancer is the second most common malignant tumor in western males and anatomically

involves the prostate peripheral one. (/ore0 1/ovember1"

There are also currently separate pages describing enital - /ale 2evelopment3 !permatooa

2evelopment3 Testis 2evelopment3 Prostate Development.

Genital Links:*ntroduction3 Lecture - enital 2evelopment3 rimordial erm 4ell3

5emale3 6vary3 6ocyte3 Uterus37agina3 /ale3 Testis3!permatooa3 Prostate3

enital /ovies3 erm 4ell /igration /ovies3!tage 88 /ovie3 9bnormalities34ategory:enital3 uberty

Some Recent Findings
http://au.movember.com/mospace/620582http://php.med.unsw.edu.au./embryology/index.php?title=Genital_-_Male_Developmenthttp://php.med.unsw.edu.au./embryology/index.php?title=Spermatozoa_Developmenthttp://php.med.unsw.edu.au./embryology/index.php?title=Spermatozoa_Developmenthttp://php.med.unsw.edu.au./embryology/index.php?title=Testis_Developmenthttp://php.med.unsw.edu.au./embryology/index.php?title=Genital_System_Developmenthttp://php.med.unsw.edu.au./embryology/index.php?title=Genital_System_Developmenthttp://php.med.unsw.edu.au./embryology/index.php?title=2010_Lecture_16http://php.med.unsw.edu.au./embryology/index.php?title=Primordial_Germ_Cell_Developmenthttp://php.med.unsw.edu.au./embryology/index.php?title=Genital_-_Female_Developmenthttp://php.med.unsw.edu.au./embryology/index.php?title=Genital_-_Female_Developmenthttp://php.med.unsw.edu.au./embryology/index.php?title=Ovary_Developmenthttp://php.med.unsw.edu.au./embryology/index.php?title=Oocyte_Developmenthttp://php.med.unsw.edu.au./embryology/index.php?title=Uterus_Developmenthttp://php.med.unsw.edu.au./embryology/index.php?title=Uterus_Developmenthttp://php.med.unsw.edu.au./embryology/index.php?title=Vagina_Developmenthttp://php.med.unsw.edu.au./embryology/index.php?title=Vagina_Developmenthttp://php.med.unsw.edu.au./embryology/index.php?title=Genital_-_Male_Developmenthttp://php.med.unsw.edu.au./embryology/index.php?title=Testis_Developmenthttp://php.med.unsw.edu.au./embryology/index.php?title=Spermatozoa_Developmenthttp://php.med.unsw.edu.au./embryology/index.php?title=Spermatozoa_Developmenthttp://php.med.unsw.edu.au./embryology/index.php?title=Quicktime_Movies#Genitalhttp://php.med.unsw.edu.au./embryology/index.php?title=Quicktime_Movies#Genitalhttp://php.med.unsw.edu.au./embryology/index.php?title=Quicktime_Movies#Genital_2http://php.med.unsw.edu.au./embryology/index.php?title=Quicktime_Movie_-_Urogenital_System_3D_stage_22http://php.med.unsw.edu.au./embryology/index.php?title=Quicktime_Movie_-_Urogenital_System_3D_stage_22http://php.med.unsw.edu.au./embryology/index.php?title=Genital_System_-_Abnormalitieshttp://php.med.unsw.edu.au./embryology/index.php?title=Category:Genitalhttp://php.med.unsw.edu.au./embryology/index.php?title=Puberty_Developmenthttp://php.med.unsw.edu.au./embryology/index.php?title=File:Urogenital_male.jpghttp://php.med.unsw.edu.au./embryology/index.php?title=File:Urogenital_male.jpghttp://au.movember.com/mospace/620582http://php.med.unsw.edu.au./embryology/index.php?title=Genital_-_Male_Developmenthttp://php.med.unsw.edu.au./embryology/index.php?title=Spermatozoa_Developmenthttp://php.med.unsw.edu.au./embryology/index.php?title=Spermatozoa_Developmenthttp://php.med.unsw.edu.au./embryology/index.php?title=Testis_Developmenthttp://php.med.unsw.edu.au./embryology/index.php?title=Genital_System_Developmenthttp://php.med.unsw.edu.au./embryology/index.php?title=2010_Lecture_16http://php.med.unsw.edu.au./embryology/index.php?title=Primordial_Germ_Cell_Developmenthttp://php.med.unsw.edu.au./embryology/index.php?title=Genital_-_Female_Developmenthttp://php.med.unsw.edu.au./embryology/index.php?title=Ovary_Developmenthttp://php.med.unsw.edu.au./embryology/index.php?title=Oocyte_Developmenthttp://php.med.unsw.edu.au./embryology/index.php?title=Uterus_Developmenthttp://php.med.unsw.edu.au./embryology/index.php?title=Vagina_Developmenthttp://php.med.unsw.edu.au./embryology/index.php?title=Genital_-_Male_Developmenthttp://php.med.unsw.edu.au./embryology/index.php?title=Testis_Developmenthttp://php.med.unsw.edu.au./embryology/index.php?title=Spermatozoa_Developmenthttp://php.med.unsw.edu.au./embryology/index.php?title=Quicktime_Movies#Genitalhttp://php.med.unsw.edu.au./embryology/index.php?title=Quicktime_Movies#Genital_2http://php.med.unsw.edu.au./embryology/index.php?title=Quicktime_Movie_-_Urogenital_System_3D_stage_22http://php.med.unsw.edu.au./embryology/index.php?title=Genital_System_-_Abnormalitieshttp://php.med.unsw.edu.au./embryology/index.php?title=Category:Genitalhttp://php.med.unsw.edu.au./embryology/index.php?title=Puberty_Development


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/ale urogenital development (stage 88"

The role of Wnta in prostate gland development ;$a e)pression during early development with testosterone suppressing =nt>a and

neonatal estrogen increasing e)pression.1

Te!t"ooks

Historic drawing of the human prostate

#uman $m"r%olog%(8nd ed." Larson 4hapter $' p8A$-B'A

The Developing #uman: &linicall% 'riented $m"r%olog%(Ath ed." /oore andersaud 4hapter $B pB'B-BCA

(efore We )re (orn(>th ed." /oore and ersaud 4hapter $C p8D%-B8A

$ssentials of #uman $m"r%olog%, Larson 4hapter $' p$&B-8'>

#uman $m"r%olog%, 5itgerald and 5itgerald 4hapter 8$-88 p$BC-$>8

Developmental (iolog%(Ath ed." ilbert 4hapter $C *ntermediate /esoderm

Prostate Development 'vervie*
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$. fetal testosterone stimulates urogenital sinus mesenchyme through androgen receptors

8. urogenital sinus mesenchyme acts on the overlying epithelium to stimulate cell

proliferationB. urogenital sinus epithelium then forms prostate ductal progenitor, the prostatic buds

C. prostatic buds then grow into the urogenital sinus mesenchyme

rostate Eud rowth

$. specification phase - instructive developmental cues define where buds will form in theU!

8. initiation phase - prostatic buds begin to form

B. elongation phase - proliferation, cell adhesion, and cell migration coordinate outgrowthof prostatic buds into U/.

Eased on the recent review.;8


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Links:/ouse 2evelopment

Prostate #istolog%

#uman prostate histolog% &orpora )m%lacea Su"mucosal gland

(adult, HG low poweroverview"

(adult, HG detail" (adult, HG high power detail"

)natom%

The prostate is the largest accessory se) gland in men (about 8 I B I C cm". *t contains B' - >'

tubuloalveolar glands, which empty into $> - 8> independent e)cretory ducts. These ducts open

into the urethra. The glands are embedded into a fibromuscular stroma, which mainly consists ofsmooth muscle separated by strands of connective tissue rich in collagenous and elastic fibres.

The muscle forms a dense mass around the urethra and beneath the fairly thin capsule of the

prostrate.

/acroscopically the prostrate can be divided into lobes, but they are inconspicuous inhistological sections. *n good histological sections it is possible to distinguish three concentric

ones, which surround the prostatic part of the urethra.

peripheral ,onecontains large (main glands" whose ducts run posteriorly to open into

the urethra

internal ,oneconsists of the so-called submucosal glands
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innermost ,onecontains mucosal glands

Secretor% Glands

The secretory alveoli of the prostate are very irregularly shaped because of papillary proections

of the mucosa into the lumen of the gland. The epithelium is cuboidal or columnar. Easal cellsare again present, and the epithelium may loo# pseudostratified where they are found. Thesecretory cells are slightly acidophilic and secretory granules may be visible in the cytoplasm.

!mall e)tensions of the apical cytoplasm into the lumen of the alveoli may represent cells which

release their secretory products (secretion is apocrineFmerocine". The secretion of the prostate

contains citric acid, the enyme fibrinolysin (li+uefies the semen", acid phosphatase, a number ofother enymes and lipids. The secretion of the prostate is the first fraction of the eaculate.

The secretory ducts of the prostate are lined by a simple columnar epithelium, which changes to

a transitional epithelium near the openings of the ducts into the urethra.

&orpora )m%lacea

9 characteristic feature of the prostate is the appearance of corpora amylacea in the secretory

alveoli. They are rounded eosinophilic bodies. Their average diameter is about '.8> mm (up to 8mm". They appear already in the seventh month of foetal development. Their number increases

with age - in particular past >'. They may undergo calcification. 4orpora amylacea may appear

in semen.

)dditional #istolog% Images

rostate overview !ubmucosal gland5ibromuscular

stroma!ubmucosal gland

4orpora amylacea (prostatic

concretions"

4orpora amylacea (prostatic

concretions"

)"ove te!t and images modified from:Elue Histology - rostate

+ovies
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enital development animations

Urogenital !inus Urogenital !eptum

/ale )ternal Testis 2escent

#istoric Images of Genital &hanges

Urogenital indifferent Urogenital male Urogenital female

Prostate at Pu"ert%

)"normalities

(enign -odular #%perplasia
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9 postnatal adult ageing effect with an onset about C> years of age, the prostate becomes

enlarged due to benign nodular hyperplasia. Ey A' years of age and older about BFC of the males

are affected of which half will be symptomatic. This condition affects the mucosal glands.

Prostate &ancer

rostate cancer is the second most common malignant tumor in western males and anatomically

involves the prostate peripheral one.

The dog has been used as a model of this condition as this species also spontaneously develop

prostatic neoplasia. The cell line 4T$8>D has been derived from a spontaneous canine prostate

carcinoma and can induce tumour formation in mice.

(/ore0 1/ovember1"

References

$. JLiwei Huang, Yongbing u, =en Yang Hu, Lynn Eirch, 2ouglas Luccio-4amelo, Terry

Yamaguchi, ail ! rins The role of Wnta in prostate gland development.2ev. Eiol.:8''%, B8D(8"K$DD-%% /*2:$%BD%B&8

8. J4had / 7eina, Tien-/in Lin, ?ichard eterson )#R signaling in prostate gro*th/morphogenesis/ and disease.Eiochem. harmacol.: 8''%, &&(C"K>AA-&A/*2:$D%&&8'C

B. J!arah H 9llgeier, Tien-/in Lin, ?obert = /oore, 4had / 7eina, Lisa L 9bler,

?ichard eterson )ndrogenic regulation of ventral epithelial "ud num"er and

pattern in mouse urogenital sinus.2ev. 2yn.: 8'$', 8B%(8"KB&B-D> /*2:$%%C$BC%

Pu"med (ookshelf

/adame 4urie Eioscience 2atabase Eranching /orphogenesis of the rostate

Revie*s

oshua /ee#s, dward / !chaeffer Genetic Regulation of Prostate Development. 9ndrol:

8'$', ($"K /*2:8'%B'$%$

Yi 4ai Participation of caudal mllerian mesench%ma in prostate development.. Urol.: 8''D,

$D'(>"K$D%D-%'B /*2:$DD'$>B&

9)el 9 Thomson +esench%mal mechanisms in prostate organogenesis.2ifferentiation: 8''D,

&A(A"K>D&-%D /*2:$D&>8C%C
http://au.movember.com/mospace/620582http://php.med.unsw.edu.au./embryology/index.php?title=Prostate_Development#cite_ref-PMID19389372_0-0http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19389372http://php.med.unsw.edu.au./embryology/index.php?title=Prostate_Development#cite_ref-1http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18977204http://php.med.unsw.edu.au./embryology/index.php?title=Prostate_Development#cite_ref-2http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19941349http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/bookshelf/br.fcgi?book=eurekah&part=A62370http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20930191http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18801537http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18752494http://au.movember.com/mospace/620582http://php.med.unsw.edu.au./embryology/index.php?title=Prostate_Development#cite_ref-PMID19389372_0-0http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19389372http://php.med.unsw.edu.au./embryology/index.php?title=Prostate_Development#cite_ref-1http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18977204http://php.med.unsw.edu.au./embryology/index.php?title=Prostate_Development#cite_ref-2http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19941349http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/bookshelf/br.fcgi?book=eurekah&part=A62370http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20930191http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18801537http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18752494


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erald ? 4unha +esench%mal0epithelial interactions: past/ present/ and future.

2ifferentiation: 8''D, &A(A"K>&D-DA /*2:$D>>&&A$

Earry Timms Prostate development: a historical perspective.2ifferentiation: 8''D,&A(A"K>A>-&& /*2:$DCA8CB8

aul 4 /ar#er, 9nnemarie 9 2onacour, ?avir 2ahiya, erald ? 4unha #ormonal/ cellular/

and molecular control of prostatic development.2ev. Eiol.: 8''B, 8>B(8"K$A>-&C

/*2:$8AC>%88

H Mim, Massis, 4 !outo, T Turner, 9 =ells $GF receptor signaling in prostate

morphogenesis and tumorigenesis.Histol. Histopathol.: $%%%, $C(C"K$$&>-D8 /*2:$'>'A%BC

? 4unha, 9 9 2onacour +esench%mal0epithelial interactions in the gro*th anddevelopment of the prostate.4ancer Treat. ?es.: $%D%, CA($"K$>%-&> /*2:8>&&$DD

)rticles

!arah Hic#s 9llgeier, 4had / 7eina, Tien-/in Lin, ?obert = /oore, 9llen !ilverstone,

/oto#o /u#ai, errie avalchin, aul ! 4oo#e, ?ichard eterson $strogen signaling is not

re1uired for prostatic "ud patterning or for its disruption "% 2/3/4/50tetrachlorodi"en,o0p0

dio!in.To)icol. 9ppl. harmacol.: 8''%, 8B%($"KD'-A/*2:$%>8BCD'

!arah Hic#s 9llgeier, Tien-/in Lin, 4had / 7eina, ?obert = /oore, =ayne 9 5rit, !hing-

Yan 4hiu, 4huanLi Nhang, ?ichard eterson W-T) selectivel% inhi"its mouse ventral

prostate development.2ev. Eiol.: 8''D, B8C($"K$'-& /*2:$DD'C$'C

4had / 7eina, !arah H 9llgeier, =ayne 9 5rit, ?obert = /oore, /ichael !trerath, =ade

Eushman, ?ichard eterson Retinoic acid induces prostatic "ud formation.2ev. 2yn.:

8''D, 8B&(>"K$B8$-BB /*2:$DB%BB'A

Hongyun =ang, *rwin Leav, !oichiro *baragi, /ichael =egner, uo-fu Hu, /ichael L Lu,

!teven Eal#, Oin Yuan S'67 is e!pressed in human fetal prostate epithelium andenhances prostate cancer invasion.4ancer ?es.: 8''D, AD(A"K$A8>-B'/*2:$DBB%DC'

4rist 4oo#, 4had / 7eina, !arah H 9llgeier, 9ubie !haw, /in Yu, ?ichard eterson, =ade

Eushman -oggin is re1uired for normal lo"e patterning and ductal "udding in the mouseprostate.2ev. Eiol.: 8''&, B$8($"K8$&-B' /*2:$D'8D%'$

uy Letellier, /arie-os ere, /o#rane Yacoub, ierre Levillain, 6livier 4ussenot, alle

5romont $pithelial phenot%pes in the developing human prostate.. Histochem. 4ytochem.:8''&, >>(%"KDD>-%' /*2:$&C&DCC%
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18557761http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18462432http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12645922http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10506934http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10506934http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2577188http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19523480http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19523480http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18804104http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18393306http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18339840http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18339840http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18028901http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17478449http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18557761http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18462432http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12645922http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10506934http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2577188http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19523480http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18804104http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18393306http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18339840http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18028901http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17478449


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? 4unha, E Lung The possi"le influence of temporal factors in androgenic responsivenessof urogenital tissue recom"inants from *ild0t%pe and androgen0insensitive 8Tfm9 mice..

)p. Nool.: $%&D, 8'>(8"K$D$-%B /*2:AD$%'%

Search Pu"+ed

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Search Pu"med:rostate mbryology3 rostate 2evelopment34orpora 9mylacea3

)dditional Images

rostate stem cell cartoon

?at prostate epithelial branching

Terms

>-P-reductase - enyme that converts testosterone to dihydrotestosterone.

androgen receptor - (9?"

benign prostatic hyperplasia

mesenchyme - embryonic connective tissue

paraurethral gland - (!#enes gland" - female prostate gland is the correct nomenclature

prostate gland - ree#, prostatesQ 1one who stands before1, 1protector1, a female

prostate gland e)ists

prostate cancer

U - urogenital epithelium

U! - urogenital sinus

Glossar% Links93 E343 23 3 53 3 H3 *3 3 M3L3 /3@3 63 3R3?3 !3 T3 U3 73 =3O3Y3N3@umbers3!ymbols

2r /ar# Hill 8'$$, UNSW Embryology*!E@: %&D ' &BBC 8A'% C - U@!= 4?*46!

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titleQrostateS2evelopment1
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/681909http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sites/entrez?db=pubmed&cmd=search&term=prostate%20embryologyhttp://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sites/entrez?db=pubmed&cmd=search&term=prostate%20developmenthttp://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sites/entrez?db=pubmed&cmd=search&term=prostate%20developmenthttp://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sites/entrez?db=pubmed&cmd=search&term=Corpora%20Amylaceahttp://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sites/entrez?db=pubmed&cmd=search&term=Corpora%20Amylaceahttp://php.med.unsw.edu.au./embryology/index.php?title=Ahttp://php.med.unsw.edu.au./embryology/index.php?title=Bhttp://php.med.unsw.edu.au./embryology/index.php?title=Chttp://php.med.unsw.edu.au./embryology/index.php?title=Chttp://php.med.unsw.edu.au./embryology/index.php?title=Dhttp://php.med.unsw.edu.au./embryology/index.php?title=Ehttp://php.med.unsw.edu.au./embryology/index.php?title=Ehttp://php.med.unsw.edu.au./embryology/index.php?title=Fhttp://php.med.unsw.edu.au./embryology/index.php?title=Ghttp://php.med.unsw.edu.au./embryology/index.php?title=Hhttp://php.med.unsw.edu.au./embryology/index.php?title=Ihttp://php.med.unsw.edu.au./embryology/index.php?title=Jhttp://php.med.unsw.edu.au./embryology/index.php?title=Khttp://php.med.unsw.edu.au./embryology/index.php?title=Lhttp://php.med.unsw.edu.au./embryology/index.php?title=Lhttp://php.med.unsw.edu.au./embryology/index.php?title=Mhttp://php.med.unsw.edu.au./embryology/index.php?title=Nhttp://php.med.unsw.edu.au./embryology/index.php?title=Ohttp://php.med.unsw.edu.au./embryology/index.php?title=Phttp://php.med.unsw.edu.au./embryology/index.php?title=Qhttp://php.med.unsw.edu.au./embryology/index.php?title=Qhttp://php.med.unsw.edu.au./embryology/index.php?title=Rhttp://php.med.unsw.edu.au./embryology/index.php?title=Rhttp://php.med.unsw.edu.au./embryology/index.php?title=Shttp://php.med.unsw.edu.au./embryology/index.php?title=Thttp://php.med.unsw.edu.au./embryology/index.php?title=Thttp://php.med.unsw.edu.au./embryology/index.php?title=Uhttp://php.med.unsw.edu.au./embryology/index.php?title=Uhttp://php.med.unsw.edu.au./embryology/index.php?title=Vhttp://php.med.unsw.edu.au./embryology/index.php?title=Whttp://php.med.unsw.edu.au./embryology/index.php?title=Xhttp://php.med.unsw.edu.au./embryology/index.php?title=Xhttp://php.med.unsw.edu.au./embryology/index.php?title=Yhttp://php.med.unsw.edu.au./embryology/index.php?title=Yhttp://php.med.unsw.edu.au./embryology/index.php?title=Zhttp://php.med.unsw.edu.au./embryology/index.php?title=Zhttp://php.med.unsw.edu.au./embryology/index.php?title=Numbershttp://php.med.unsw.edu.au./embryology/index.php?title=Symbolshttp://php.med.unsw.edu.au./embryology/index.php?title=Symbolshttp://php.med.unsw.edu.au./embryology/index.php?title=Prostate_Developmenthttp://php.med.unsw.edu.au./embryology/index.php?title=Prostate_Developmenthttp://php.med.unsw.edu.au./embryology/index.php?title=File:Rat_prostate_epithelial_branching.jpghttp://php.med.unsw.edu.au./embryology/index.php?title=File:Prostate_stem_cell_cartoon.pnghttp://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/681909http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sites/entrez?db=pubmed&cmd=search&term=prostate%20embryologyhttp://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sites/entrez?db=pubmed&cmd=search&term=prostate%20developmenthttp://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sites/entrez?db=pubmed&cmd=search&term=Corpora%20Amylaceahttp://php.med.unsw.edu.au./embryology/index.php?title=Ahttp://php.med.unsw.edu.au./embryology/index.php?title=Bhttp://php.med.unsw.edu.au./embryology/index.php?title=Chttp://php.med.unsw.edu.au./embryology/index.php?title=Dhttp://php.med.unsw.edu.au./embryology/index.php?title=Ehttp://php.med.unsw.edu.au./embryology/index.php?title=Fhttp://php.med.unsw.edu.au./embryology/index.php?title=Ghttp://php.med.unsw.edu.au./embryology/index.php?title=Hhttp://php.med.unsw.edu.au./embryology/index.php?title=Ihttp://php.med.unsw.edu.au./embryology/index.php?title=Jhttp://php.med.unsw.edu.au./embryology/index.php?title=Khttp://php.med.unsw.edu.au./embryology/index.php?title=Lhttp://php.med.unsw.edu.au./embryology/index.php?title=Mhttp://php.med.unsw.edu.au./embryology/index.php?title=Nhttp://php.med.unsw.edu.au./embryology/index.php?title=Ohttp://php.med.unsw.edu.au./embryology/index.php?title=Phttp://php.med.unsw.edu.au./embryology/index.php?title=Qhttp://php.med.unsw.edu.au./embryology/index.php?title=Rhttp://php.med.unsw.edu.au./embryology/index.php?title=Shttp://php.med.unsw.edu.au./embryology/index.php?title=Thttp://php.med.unsw.edu.au./embryology/index.php?title=Uhttp://php.med.unsw.edu.au./embryology/index.php?title=Vhttp://php.med.unsw.edu.au./embryology/index.php?title=Whttp://php.med.unsw.edu.au./embryology/index.php?title=Xhttp://php.med.unsw.edu.au./embryology/index.php?title=Yhttp://php.med.unsw.edu.au./embryology/index.php?title=Zhttp://php.med.unsw.edu.au./embryology/index.php?title=Numbershttp://php.med.unsw.edu.au./embryology/index.php?title=Symbolshttp://php.med.unsw.edu.au./embryology/index.php?title=Prostate_Developmenthttp://php.med.unsw.edu.au./embryology/index.php?title=Prostate_Development


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