Bouvetøya - Innovasjon Norge · Cape Town Troll Station The most remote island on earth Good place...
Transcript of Bouvetøya - Innovasjon Norge · Cape Town Troll Station The most remote island on earth Good place...
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BouvetøyaResearch and Monitoring at the most remote island in the world
Dr Andrew LowtherBiodiversity SectionNorwegian Polar Institute
Why bother ?
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Cape Town
Troll Station
The most remote island on earth
Good place to get away from it all.
You need a helicopter to get on it
Or a few months of free time
Junction of three tectonic plates = earthquakes
Research station placed in Jan 2014
Prior to that - 2007
Cape Town – Antarctica in 6 hours
Cape Town – Bouvet in 6-9 days
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Polar Front
Subantarctic Front
Ecosystem science programs at regional scales = high impact scientific output
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What's there ?
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Antarctic fur seals (Arctocephalus gazella)
• Otariid seal (highly mobile)• Central place forager• One pup, weaned in 4mth• 60,000 (+/-) of them
How ?• Electronic tags (archival, transmitting)
Biological samples • Acoustic monitoring of krill availability• Regional measurements of biological
productivity over winter
Aims1. CEMP Monitoring (VHF transmitters)2. CEMP Pup growth rates3. adult diet studies4. dive studies5. multi-year tracking studies6. Disease, parasites, ecotoxicology7. Food availability (acoustics, oceanography)8. “Lagged” availability of food – biological
oceanography as a proxy (elephant seals)
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~8,079 ± 300 pups alive at end of January
Capacity to estimate mortality rates
What about causes of mortality ? Cross-regional studies to identify common causes (disease, food
availability, climate)
Are indicators indicating what you want ?
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~2,000 individuals on Nyrøysa
Myctophid and krill feeders
”Southern” end of their range
>50 individuals
Obligate krill feeders
“Northern” end of their range
Macaroni and Chinstrap penguins – instrumentation and sampling
Both range extremes – one doing well, one not so well – why ?
Utility for monitoring is relative to understanding what causes change
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Early January to late February / early March
Overlap in breeding AND diet
Data collection:
1. CEMP monitoring of attendance rates (VHF tags)
2. CEMP diet studies (stomach lavage)
3. foraging overlap studies (vertical and horizontal) – 2007/08 representative ?
4. dietary studies (blood, feathers, eggshells – and HOW: accelerometry)
5. multi-year tracking studies – light geolocators
6. Biogeochemical analysis to determine diet over longer timescales
7. Region-scale molecular ecology – population trajectories, structure and adaptation
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Multi-species studiesWhats on the other 98% of the islands’ coastline ?
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Challenges - adaptive monitoring using modern methods
Arnaud et al. (2016). Temporal shift in the isotopic niche of female Antarctic fur seals from Bouvetøya. Polar Research
• Adopt new methodologies while maintaining integrity of historical time series.
• Provide science-based objective advice to CCAMLR that facilitate achieving a feedback management system.
Make sure it is GOOD science
Trophic collapses ?
Appropriate methods ?
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Greatest krill abundance
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Biuw, M. Nøst, Ø.A., Stien, A., Zhou, Q., Lydersen, C. and Kovacs, K.M. 2010.
Effects of hydrographic variability on the spatial, seasonal and diel diving patterns
of southern elephant seals in the eastern Weddell Sea. PLosOne 5(11): 114
(e13816).
Hofmeyr, G.J.G., Bester, M.N., Kirkman, S.P., Lydersen, C. and Kovacs, K.M. 2010.
Interspecific differences in the diet of Antarctic fur seals at Nyrøysa, Bouvetøya.
Polar Biology 33: 1171-1178.
Biuw, M., Lydersen, C., deBruyn, N., Arriola, A., Hofmeyr, G., Kritzinger, P., Kovacs,
K.M. 2010. Long-range migration of a chinstrap penguin from Bouvet Island to
Montagu Island (South Sandwich Islands). Antarctic Science 22(2): 157-162.
Biuw, M.E., Krafft, B.A., Hofmeyr, G., Lydersen, C. and Kovacs, K.M. 2009. Time
budgets and at-sea behaviour of lactating female Antarctic fur seals (Arctocephalus
gazella) at Bouvetøya. Marine Ecology Progress Series 385: 271-284.
Hofmeyr, G.J., Bester, M., Kirkman, S.P., Lydersen, C. and Kovacs, K.M. 2006.
Entanglement of Antarctic fur seals at Bouvetøya, Southern Ocean: bias in age and
sex class distribution, origin of materials, and changes in incidence. Marine
Pollution Bulletin 52: 1077-1080.
Hofmeyr, G.J.G., Krafft, B.A., Kirkman, S.P, Bester, M.N., Lydersen, C. and Kovacs,
K.M. 2005. Population changes of Antarctic fur seals at Nyrøysa, Bouvetøya.
Polar Biology 28: 725-731.
Hofmeyr, G.J.G., Bester, M.N. and Kirkman, S.P. 2005. Leucistic Antarctic fur seal at
Bouvetøya. Polar Biol. 29: 77-79.
Wynen, L.P., Goldsworthy, S.D., Guinet, C., Bester, M.N., Boyd, I.L., Gjertz, I.,
Hofmeyr, G.J.G. and White, R.W.G., Slade, R. 2000. Postsealing genetic variation
and population structure of two species of fur seals (Arctocephalus gazella and A.
tropicalis). Molec. Ecol. 9: 299-314.
Klages, N.T.W., Hofmeyr, G.J.G. and Gjertz, I.L.B. 1999. Prey of Antarctic fur seals
at Bouvetøya, Southern Ocean. Polar Rec. 35:. 255-257.
Tarroux, A., Lowther, A.D., Lydersen, C., Kovacs, K. Temporal shift in the isotopic
niche of female Antarctic fur seals from Bouvetøya. Polar Research (2016).
Lowther, A.D., Lydersen, C and Kovacs, K.M. "The seasonal evolution of shelf
water masses around Bouvetøya, a subantarctic island in the mid-Atlantic sector
of the Southern Ocean" Polar Research (2016).
Lowther, A. D., C. Lydersen, and K. M. Kovacs. "A sum greater than its parts:
merging multi‐predator tracking studies to increase ecological
understanding." Ecosphere 6, no. 12 (2015): 1-13.
Lowther, Andrew D., Heidi Ahonen, Greg Hofmeyr, W. Chris Oosthuizen, PJ Nico
De Bruyn, Christian Lydersen, and Kit M. Kovacs. "Reliability of VHF telemetry
data for measuring attendance patterns of marine predators: a comparison with
time depth recorder data." MEPS 538 (2015): 249-256.
Lowther, Andrew D., Christian Lydersen, Martin Biuw, PJ Nico de Bruyn, Greg JG
Hofmeyr, and Kit M. Kovacs. "Post-breeding at-sea movements of three central-
place foragers in relation to submesoscale fronts in the Southern Ocean around
Bouvetøya." Antarctic Science 26, no. 05 (2014): 533-544.
Blanchet, Marie-Anne, Christian Lydersen, Martin Biuw, PJ Nico de Bruyn, Greg
Hofmeyr, Bjørn A. Krafft, and Kit M. Kovacs. "Instrumentation and handling
effects on Antarctic fur seals (Arctocephalus gazella)." Polar Research 33 (2014).
Blanchet, Marie-Anne, Martin Biuw, GJ Greg Hofmeyr, PJ Nico de Bruyn, Christian
Lydersen, and Kit M. Kovacs. "At-sea behaviour of three krill predators breeding
at Bouvetøya—Antarctic fur seals, macaroni penguins and chinstrap
penguins." Marine Ecology Progress Series 477 (2013): 285-302.
Tryland, M., Nymo, I.H., Nielsen, O., Nordøy, E.S., Kovacs, K.M., Krafft, B.A.,
Thoresen, S.I., Åsbakk, K., Osterrieder, K., Roth, S.J., Lydersen, C., Godfroid, J.,
and Blix, A.S. 2012. Serum chemistry and antibodies against pathogens in
Antarctic fur seals, Weddell seals, crabeater seals and Ross seals. Journal of
Wildlife Diseases – accepted Jan 2012.
Nøst, O.-A., Biuw, M., Tverberg, V., Lydersen, C., Zhou, Q., Hattermann, T.,
Smedsrud, L.-H., and Kovacs, K.M. 2011. Overturning of the slope front controls
glacial melting in the Eastern Weddell Sea. Journal of Geophysical Research 116,
C11014, doi:10.1029/2011JC006965.
Primary Publications from ecological research and monitoring on Bouvetøya
17 publications since 19998 in the last 2 years
4 visits to the island in 16 years
Now it is time to bring the worlds most remote island into a regional context
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Questions ?
(Thanks for putting up with me again)