Botanical Insecticides (version 2013)
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BOTANICAL INSECTICIDES FOR VEGETABLE PRODUCTION ORGANIC IPM – PART 1 By Ayanava Majumdar Ext. Entomologist 251-331-8416 William East Regional Extension Agent Neil Kelly Regional Extension Agent
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This presentation is part of a video series we are developing for a course module to help organic farmers and gardeners. The video is under production and will be available shortly at https://www.youtube.com/user/acesfieldvideo?feature=watch. Please consult your county Extension office for full recommendations and check with your supplier for organic insecticides. Products can also be purchased online.
Transcript of Botanical Insecticides (version 2013)
BOTANICAL INSECTICIDES FOR VEGETABLE PRODUCTION
ORGANIC IPM – PART 1By
Ayanava Majumdar Ext. Entomologist
251-331-8416
William EastRegional Extension Agent
Neil KellyRegional Extension Agent
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What are BOTANICAL insecticides?
Insect toxins derived from certain plants.
Quick action on target pests.
Broad spectrum action (non-selective).
Do not persist in the environment.
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PYRETHRIN: BASICS
• Derived from Chrysanthemum cinerariaefolium• Caution: Do not mix with soap!• Examples: PyGanic (5% EC, OMRI-approved), EverGreen
(6% EC)
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PYRETHRIN: TARGET APPLICATION
• Target insects: Aphids, cucumber beetles, caterpillars... • Best used against small-sized and immature insects.• Short residual – reapply frequently!• Add synergist like PBO to increase efficacy.
Fruit quality with Pyganic (pyrethrum)(Cullman, AL, 2012)
Untreated check Pyganic foliar
90% fruit damage
30% fruit damage
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NEEM: BASICS
• Derived from the seeds of Azadirachta indica.• Active ingredient is azadirachtin.• Available as azadirachtin-containing products, oils & soaps.• Examples: Neemix, Molt-X (farm products), Monterey Neem Oil
(garden use)
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NEEM: TARGET APPLICATION
• Neem has systemic properties; reduced lettuce aphids on seedlings (Palumbo et al. 2001).
• Best against immature insects as foliar spray.• Tank-mix & premixes are also effective.
Aphid control in Collards using Neem Tank-mix(Brewton, AL, 2010)
Arthropod Management Tests, 2012, Vol. 37
Neem or Molt-X tank-mixed at full rate with BotaniGard (microbial) or Suffoil-X (paraffinic oil) gave good aphid control.
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ROTENONE: BASICS
• Derived from Derris roots. Organic approved till 2005. • Caution: Extremely toxic to fish. • Products with 1% rotenone are available commercially
but are difficult to find.
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SABADILLA
• Derived from the seeds of sabadilla lily.• Good activity against thrips and other pests.• Examples: Veratran D (0.2%) – on fruit crops.
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OTHER BOTANICAL PESTICIDES• Ryania: Derived from
Ryania speciosa• Slow acting stomach
poison. • Commercial products are
difficult to find. Example: Ryanicide with 0.2% ryania (Progressive Agri-Systems, PA).
• Prohibited by NOP.
RYANIA
• Nicotine: Derived from tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum). Formulations may have 40% nicotine sulfate.
• High mammalian toxicity restricts marketing.
• Prohibited by NOP.
NICOTINE
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VARYING TOXICITY OF BOTANICALS
U.S. EPA Toxicity Categories
Class 3: Pyrethrum, Neem
“CAUTION” on Label Organic Approved
Class 1: Nicotine“DANGER” on Label
Prohibited Substance
Oral LD50 (rats)
Pyrethrins:1,200 mg/kg
Neem: 13,000 mg/kg
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• Botanical insecticides are broad-spectrum.• Many botanicals are toxic to fish (rotenone,
pyrethrin).• Direct contact of pollinators with pyrethrin can
be fatal.• Neem can be toxic to the immature stages of
beneficial species (e.g., lady beetle).
NON-TARGET EFFECTS
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• Rotate botanicals with softer products.
• Avoid direct spray over beneficial insects.
• Spray at evening hours when bees are inactive.
• Direct your spray to the underside of leaves.
• Let the product dry out to reduce toxicity.
HOW TO REDUCE NON-TARGET EFFECTS?
• Insecticides for Organic Commercial and Backyard Vegetable Production, ANR-1428. [Online] http://www.aces.edu/pubs/docs/A/ANR-1428/ANR-1428.pdf
• Pest Management in High Tunnel Crop Production, ANR-1432. [Online] http://www.aces.edu/pubs/docs/A/ANR-1432/ANR-1432.pdf
• Consult a Regional Extension Agent for designing an optimal trap cropping system with accurate pest insect identification.
Additional Publications
Acknowledgment • Commercial Horticulture IPM Team: Mike
Reeves, James Miles, Doug Chapman, Neil Kelly, Chip East, Bethany O’Rear, Gary Gray
• Home Ground IPM Team: Chris Becker, Willie Datcher, Mike McQueen, Sallie Lee, Ellen Huckabay
FUNDING AGENCIES
