Bosworth ESRS.

8/22/2019 Bosworth ESRS.

1/18

www.lincoln.ac.uk

LEADERasavehicleforneoendogenous

ruraldevelopment

in

England

GaryBosworth,

Ivan

Annibal,

Terry

Carroll,

LizPrice,JessicaSellick &JohnShepherd

ESRSXXV,

Florence,

July

29th

August

1st 2013


2/18

www.lincoln.ac.uk

Focus for Research

(i) Thebalanceofpowerbetweenlocalactorsand(trans)nationalobjectives

(ii) Thecommunicationandnetworksthatenable

LEADER

to

function

effectively

at

a

locallevel.


3/18

www.lincoln.ac.uk

Key Literature

LAGs benefitfromastronglocalvoluntaryandcommunitysector,someengagetheprivatesectortoboostcapacity(Ekosgen,2011)

Therecanalsobeselfselectingdisparitiesinparticipation,e.g.under

representationof

protestant

community,

women

and

farmers

in

N.

Ireland

(Shortall,2008)

Reactivegroupsratherthanabottomupforce?

AhistoryofpartnershipworkinghelpstostrengthentheLAGand improve

itseffectiveness

(RDC2005), but

few

LAGs benefited

from

continuity

betweenLEADERprogrammes mosthadnopermanentgovernance

structure[and]existedmerelytodealwithfundingwhileitwas there(Carnegie,2010)

IrishLAGs felt

that

DARD

was

too

directive

with

insufficient

flexibility

to

allowthemtorespondtolocalproblemsandopportunities (Murtagh,2006)


4/18

www.lincoln.ac.uk

The importance of local autonomy

AutonomousLAGSshowbetterresultsindevelopinglocalskillsandpotential,strategicthinkingandmonitoringthedevelopmentoftheirarea

inastructuredway(Metis etal.2010)

Lowautonomy

reduces

local

learning

and

can

risk

local

partnerships

being

dependentonfundingprogrammesratherthandevelopingas

endogenousinstitutions onlyanoptionforbeginnerLAGs (Metis etal.2010)

Policyentrepreneurs are

key

to

connecting

different

bodies

and

facilitatingaction(Bocher,2011)

DifficultiesinterpretingspecificmeasuresandobtainingclarificationsfromRDAs andDEFRA(Hyder andADAS,2010)

Thedegree

of

local

control

is

limited

to

aset

of

goals

and

elements

containedwithintheprogramme&LAGs relyontechnicalexpertisefrom

CountyCouncilreinforcingthelackofempowerment(Convery etal.2010)


5/18

www.lincoln.ac.uk

Self-evaluation and local empowerment DuringLEADER+,therewaslimitedsuccessinfosteringevaluation

capacityandlocalownershipofthemonitoringandevaluationprocess(Metis,AEIDL&CEU,2010)

InSpain

the

evaluation

process

focused

primarily

on

the

information

requiredbytheresponsibleauthoritytorespondtotheEUandonly

secondlytotheprioritiesofpeopleactuallyinvolvedinLEADER

partnerships(DiazPuenteetal.2008)

Furmankiewicz &Janc (2011)

note

that

effective

bottom

up

processes

requireselfevaluationforlocalisedlearningwhichcontradictstheEU

needforstandardisedevaluationtocomparesuccess.


6/18

www.lincoln.ac.uk

Networks and communication

LessonslearnedintheCzechRepublicinclude:itiseasiertolearntheLEADERmethodthroughcooperationprojectsthanfromreadinginstructions (CSD2008)

LAGs haveexperienceddifficultyindevelopingintraandinterregionallinks,and

lackguidance

on

inter

LAG

networking

(Hyder and

ADAS,

2010)

ThevastmajorityofLAGs involvedintransnationalcooperationinLEADERIIdidnotprogressbeyondexchangeofexperienceofexploratorytalks considerable

collectiveeffortwasdeployedforrelativelylittletangiblebenefittothelocal

economiesandcommunities (RuralDevelopmentCompany,FraserAssociatesand

Universityof

Gloucester,

2005)

TransnationalcooperationwithotherLAGs isconsideredoflittleimportance butlocalnetworkinginparticularisconsideredveryuseful(RDC,2005)

Itwasidentifiedthatcooperationwithinacountryhelpedimprovemanagement,

reinforcelocal

identities

and

creating

lasting

rural

networks.

Trans

national

cooperationwasthoughttobelessimportant(Metis,AEIDL&CEU,2010)


7/18

www.lincoln.ac.uk

Methodology

AreviewofliteratureandotherLEADER

evaluations

Questionnairesenttoarangeofruralstakeholders generating549responses

Interviewswith

acombined

total

of

83

key

stakeholdersandbeneficiariesinselectedLAGs

Twoworkshops

to

test

our

findings

with

key

personnelinLEADERpolicyanddeliveryroles.


8/18

www.lincoln.ac.uk

Typology of LAGs

ThebasiccriteriaforsamplingcasestudyLAGs comprise:

(a)topography

(b)RDPE

Axes

and

Measures

(c)theproportionofprogrammebudgetspent

Withthe

detailed

boundaries

for

the

LAG

areas

this

was

also

thefirsttimethatotherdatacouldbemappedatthislevel

thisincludedpopulation,ruralsettlement,IMD2010,stateof

theeconomy(JSAdataetc)andeconomicstructurebased

uponIDBRdata.


9/18

www.lincoln.ac.uk

SolwayCumbria

Shropshire

Worcestershire

Herefordshire

EastCornwall

ClayCountry

WestCornwall

NorthLincolnshire

CoastalAction

Zone

LindseyActionZone

WashFens

NorthumberlandUplands

North

Pennine

Dales

WestKent

KentDowns

and

Marshes

SurreyHill


10/18

www.lincoln.ac.uk


11/18

www.lincoln.ac.uk

8%11%45%36%Supportinginnovation2

6%11%41%42%Taking a bottom-

up approach1

3%7%45%45%

Helping make the

area a betterplace2

8%23%47%23%Promotingnetworking &

sharing bestpractice1

Disagree/stronglydisagree

Neitheragree/

disagreeAgree

StronglyAgree

1:Datafrom503usableresponses; 2:Datafrom506usableresponses

What Has LEADER done well?


12/18

www.lincoln.ac.uk

The Positive Story

AkeyelementofLeaderssuccessisenablingdecisionstobedelegatedtoruralcommunitymembersandorganisationssothatdecisionsreflectlocal

needsandanareaswishesfordevelopment (RuralServicesNetwork)

Leaderis

a

model

that

works;

it

mobilises

the

local

community

and

economicactors,isdrivenbylocalneedandfundamentaltoeconomic

development...aboutbeingthereforthelongterm andhelpingbusiness

growthinyourlocalarea(throughunderstandingyourlocaleconomyand

writingtheLDS)...Wecandoit,Leaderbuildsthecapacityand

confidenceof

community

members. (NorthDevon)

ThebeautyofLeaderisthatitisforeachareatodefinewhatworksbestfortheirgovernance. Thereistheflexibilitytochoosepriorities. Thekey

istogetstakeholderstogetherwhoarerelevant,notjustthatputtheir

handsup,

and

to

get

genuine

representativeness.

There

is

no

one

size

fits

allmodelforthebestwaytogovernaLAG. (LeaderExchangeGroup2013)


13/18

www.lincoln.ac.uk

However

Underrepresented groups remain a problem in some areas leadingsome LAGs to develop specifically funded projects to encourage their

participationinruraldevelopment

Externalpolicy

relationships

determine

the

scope

for

local

policy

impact.

InEngland,theremovaloftheregionallayerofgovernmentchangedthe

natureofpolicynetworksandallowedmorefreedomatthelocallevel.

LEADERexiststodelivertheRDPEanditspolicygoalsandtargets

Neoendogenous

development

principals

indicate

that

local

potential

is

influencedbyexternalnetworks.

Defra explainedthatthereisafalsesenseofequitythatLeadermoneyshouldbeavailableeverywhere,butdifferentareasneeddifferent

fundinglevels

(determined

by

need).

CooperationprojectswerelesseffectiveinEngland Issuesofperceptionandcost.


14/18

www.lincoln.ac.uk

Opportunities identified by LAGs Coverage

could

usefully

include

market

towns

that

serve

key

functionsforruralhinterlands.Otherruralareaswerealsoexcludedbutlargergeographicalcoveragewillofcoursecreatecertainchallenges.

Efficiencysavingscouldbemadefromcombiningbackofficefunctions,withoutlosingthefocusonlocalissues.

LAGs couldbenefitfromacomprehensivesetofgood

practiceguidelines

based

on

experience

of

the

current

programmeespeciallynewLEADERgroups.

Thesemightinclude:recruitingmembers,handlingbids,conductingmeetings,contractingandmonitoring

Aclear

emphasis

should

remain

on

the

value

of

local

groups

applyinggoodpracticetomeetlocalcircumstances,andnotseekingtocreatetopdownuniformity.


15/18

www.lincoln.ac.uk

Concluding thoughts

Thepowerbalancecanbeimprovedbygreatercommunicationandlocalparticipationinthepreimplementationstages.

Reporting

and

monitoring

could

be

better

aligned

to

LEADER

objectives,

notjusteconomicmeasures.

TheexperiencesfromEnglandhighlightdifficultiesintermsofmanagingrisk,matchinglocalopportunitiestopredefinedmeasuresanddealing

withbureaucracythroughouttheprocess.

Italsohighlightsrealopportunities,however,aslocalactorshavebecomeincreasinglycapableatsupportingapplicantsanddevelopingapproaches

tailoredtotheirlocalareas.


16/18

www.lincoln.ac.uk

Collaborative evaluation Agreatershifttolocalcontrolcanbefacilitatedthroughrobustself

evaluationandlocalisedlearning.

Knowledge

transfer

is

already

being

enhanced

through

the

endogenous

emergenceofcollaborativeevaluation buttheapproachesand

outcomesneedtobecapturedtobenefitothers.

AmongsomeLAGs,itwassuggestedthatbeneficiariescouldplaymoreof

an

ongoing

role

here

too. Asthepost2014situationbecomesclearer,therangeofreviews and

evaluationsbeingconductedshouldbecollatedtoensurethatbest

practiceisabletoguidepoliticiansandlocalactorsalikeintheirpursuitof

further

economic

and

social

development

in

Europes

rural

areas.


17/18

www.lincoln.ac.uk

References Bcher M(2011)TheRoleofPolicyEntrepreneursinRegionalGovernanceProcesses.Presentedat

the6th

ECPR

general

conference,

Reykjavik,

August

24

27,

2011

Carnegie(2010)ACommonRuralDevelopmentPolicy?http://www.carnegieuktrust.org.uk/getattachment/f6e1e9629e0742cba42e6a8edccaeab9/ACommonRuralDevelopmentPolicy.aspx

Convery,I.,Soane,I.,Dutson,T.&Shaw,H.(2010)MainstreamingLEADERDeliveryoftheRDRinCumbria:AninterpretivePhenomenologicalAnalysis.Sociologia Ruralis 50(4)370391

Ekosgen (2011)National

Impact

Assessment

of

LEADER report

for

DEFRA:

http://randd.defra.gov.uk/Document.aspx?Document=NationalImpactAssessmentofLEADER.pdf

Hyder andADAS(2009)MonitoringandEvaluation:PerspectivesofERDFEvaluators ReporttoDefra:http://archive.defra.gov.uk/rural/documents/rdpe/pmc/20090513paper7.pdf

Metis GmbH,AEIDLandCEU(2010)ExpostEvaluationofLEADER+reportfortheEuropeanCommission:http://ec.europa.eu/agriculture/eval/reports/leaderplusexpost/index_en.htm

Murtagh,B.

(2006)

EU

LEADER

+2000

06

Programme

for

rural

development

in

Northern

Ireland.

Workingpaper. QueensUniversity,Belfast

RuralDevelopmentCompany(RDC),FraserAssociatesandUniversityofGloucester(2005)AnevidencebaseformainstreamingLEADERinEngland.

Shortall,S.(2008)Areruraldevelopmentprogrammessociallyinclusive? Socialinclusion,civicengagement,participation,andsocialcapital:Exploringthedifferences. JournalofRuralStudies24(4)

450457


18/18

www.lincoln.ac.uk

Thank youany

questions?

http://randd.defra.gov.uk/Default.aspx?

Menu=Menu&Module=More&Location=

None&Completed=0&ProjectID=18472

Bosworth ESRS.

Documents

Transcript of Bosworth ESRS.