[email protected], 10.03.2006 Osnove podpore MS namiznim sistemom (XP) Boštjan...

[email protected], 10.03.2006 Osnove podpore MS namiznim sistemom (XP)

Osnove podpore MS namiznim sistemom (XP)

Boštjan Müller


Chapter 1

Installing a Windows Desktop Operating System


Hardware RequirementsMinimum •Processor

–Pentium II 233Mhz•Memory

–64 MB•Disk space

–1.5 GB free space•Network

–None•Display

–VGA•CD-ROM/DVD

Recommended •Processor

–Pentium II 300Mhz•Memory

–128 MB•Disk space

–2 GB free space•Network

–Network Card•Display

–SVGA•CD-ROM/DVD


Checking Hardware and Software Compatibility

• Check Hardware Compatibility at: ● http://www.microsoft.com/whdc/hcl/default.mspx● Windows Catalog: http

://www.microsoft.com/windows/catalog

• BIOS Compatibility● ACPI support (F7 option at boot)● update to latest BIOS firmware● disable antivirus

• Drivers● suitable drivers for HDD controllers if

not supported by operating system● F6 at boot


Partitioning Disk Space

• Create a new partition on unpartitioned hard disk• Create a new partition on a partitioned hard disk• Install on an existing partition• Delete an existing partition to make disk space

available


System and Boot Partitions• System Partition

● Contains Boot Loader (NTLDR)● Contains Boot Sector

• Boot Partition● Contains Windows XP operating

system files (\windows)● Recommended size is at least 2GB free

space


Using Remote Installation Services (RIS)• Ris Server Requirements

● Windows 2000 or Windows 2003 Server (member or Domain Controller)

● Pentium 133 or higher , 128 MB ram minimum, NIC

● at least two partitions, one for the operating system and one RIS

● TCP/IP● DHCP● DNS● Active Directory (AD)


Troubleshooting Installation• Common Installation Problems

● media errors

● insufficient disk space

● not enough memory

● not enough processing power

● hardware that is not on the HCL

● hardware with no driver support

● hardware that is not configured properly

● incorrect CD key

● failure to access TCP/IP network resources

● failure to connect to a domain controller when joining a domain


Troubleshooting Installation• Log Files

● Action log contains actions performed during setup

❍ \Windir\setupact.log● Error log contains errors that occured

during setup❍ \Windir\setuperr.log


Supporting Multiple-Boot Options• The first partition must have a file system that

is supported by all operating systems

• You can multiboot between Dos, Windows 9x, NT, 2000, XP, 2003

• It is recommended that each operating system is on its own partition

• It is recommended that Windows NT 4.0 has at least Service Pack 4 installed

• It is recommended that Windows XP is the last operating system installed


Chapter 2

Managing and Troubleshooting Access to Resources


Managing Local Access• Applying NTFS Permissions

● NTFS Permissions are cumulative● Deny overrides allow permissions● 5 levels of permissions:

❍ Full Control❍ Modify❍ Read & Execute❍ List Folder Contents❍ Read❍ Write


Managing Local Access• Applying NTFS Permissions

(CACLS)


Managing Local Access• Controlling Permission

Inheritance● Inherit from Parent● Replace permission entries


Managing Local Access• Ownership


Managing Local Access• Determining Effective

Permissions

• Viewing Effective Permissions (CACLS)


Managing Local Access• NTFS Permissions for Copied or

Moved Files● Move on the same volume/partition

retains original NTFS permissions● Move between different

volumes/partitions inherits NTFS permissions from destination

● Copy always inherits NTFS permissions from destination

● Copy/Move to FAT will not retain NTFS permissions


Managing Network Access• Creating Shared Folders

● Share Name● Comment● User Limit● Permissions● Caching


Managing Network Access• Creating Shared Folders

● Only folders and printers can be shared

● Share permissions apply to folders● Share permissions apply to

network access only● A copied/moved shared folder is

not shared● creat a hidden share by adding a $

at the end● net share


Managing Network Access• Configuring Share Permissions

● Full Control, Change, Read


The Flow of Resource Access• Local and Network Access

● The most restrictive access applies when combining Share permissions and NTFS permissions


Managing Printing• Printing Basics

● Printer● Print Device● Print Server● Print Spooler● Printer pool● Printer driver● Physical port


Managing Printing• The Windows XP Printing Process

• The Roles of Print Devices and Printers● One printer per print device● One printer – multiple print devices (printer

pooling)● Multiple printers – single print device


Managing Printing• Setting Up Printers


Managing Printing• Security


Print server properties


File and Folder Management Basics• Managing File and Folder

Options● Offline Folder Options



Options● Manually synchronizing and offline

folder



Options● Making files and folders available



Options● Preventing a Folder from Being

Accessed Offline


Chapter 3

Configuring and Troubleshooting Hardware Devices and Drivers


Configuring Disk Storage• Basic Storage

H:H:G:G:F:F:

E:E:

D:D:

C:C:

F:F:

E:E:

D:D:

C:C:

-OR--OR--OR--OR-

Primarypartitions

Up to four primary partitions

Up to three primary partitions and one extended partition

with logical drives

Extendedpartition withlogical drives


Configuring Disk Storage• Dynamic Storage

● No limits on number of volumes● Supports simple volumes, spanned

volumes, striped volumes● Upgraded from basic disk● Supported by Windows 2000, XP

and 2003



● Simple Volumes



● Spanned Volumes



● Striped Volumes


Configuring Disk Storage


Display Properties


DirectX Diagnostic Tool• Start->Run->msinfo32.exe -> Tools ->

DirectX Diagnostic Tool


Configuring Power Management Options for Mobile Computing• Selecting a Power Scheme

• Using Power-Saving Options


Selecting a Power Scheme

Select a time to hibernatethe computer automatically

A power scheme is a collection of settings that manage a computer’s power usage

Select a power scheme


Using Power-Saving Options - Standby• Standby

● For short periods of non-use● The monitor and hard disks turn off

automatically● Operating system continues to run in a

low-power state

ZZZzzzZZZzzz


Using Power-Saving Options - Standby• Hibernation

● For extended periods of non-use● The desktop is saved to hard disk● The monitor and hard disks turn off

automatically● System shuts down


Managing I/O Devices• Configuring the Keyboard

• Configuring the Mouse

• Configuring Wireless Devices

• Configuring USB Devices

• Managing Processors (Uni – Multi)

• Configuring Fax support


Managing Multiple Hardware Profiles• Hardware profile contains all of the settings

for a Computer

• Multiple hardware profiles are used when a computer uses different devices at different locations

• You can enable/disable devices and services profiles

• Can be created in Start -> Control Panel -> Performance and Maintenance -> System


Updating Drivers

Start the Device Manager

Open the Properties of device to update

Run the Update Device Driver Wizard

To Update a DriverTo Update a Driver


Driver Rollback


Chapter 4

Configuring and Troubleshooting the Desktop and User

Environments


Customizing the Taskbar

Taskbar

Quick Launch

Notification Area


Customizing the Start Menu

Pinned Programs

Recentlyused

programs

All Programs

menu

User

StandardFolders

ControlPanel

DefaultUtilities


Configuring Accessibility Options

• FilterKeys

• StickyKeys

• ToggleKeys

• SoundSentry

• ShowSounds

• MouseKeys

• SerialKeys

• High Contrast

• Magnifier

The Accessibility Wizard Can Help You Configure Accessibility Options, Including:


Configuring Regional Options• Changing Time, Date, Number, and

Currency Formats

• Changing Keyboard Layout

• Adding a Language

• Switching to a Different Language


Group Policy Objects and Active Directory• Active Directory Overview

● Hierarchical structure● Domains● Organizational Units

• GPO Inheritance● Order of Application1. Local computer2. Site (group of domains)3. Domain4. Organizational Unit● No Override● Block Inheritance


Group Policy Objects and Active Directory• Using the Group Policy Result

Tool


Group Policy Objects and Active Directory

• Applying LGPOs


Working with User Accounts• Computer Management

• Local Users and Groups (MMC)


Creating New Users• Only Administrators and Power

Users

• Username Rules and Conventions● between 1 to 20 characters● must be unique● cannot contain */\[]:;|=,+?<>”

• Security Identifiers


Troubleshooting User Accounts Authentication• Local User Accounts

● Incorrect username, incorrect password, prohibitive user rights, disabled or deleted account, domain account logon

• Domain User Accounts● Incorrect username, incorrect password,

prohibitive user rights, disabled or deleted account, local account logon, computer is not part of domain, unavailable Domain Controller/DNS/Global Catalog


Using System Monitor• Select appropriate view

● Chart, Histogram, Report


Using Task Manager


Using System Monitor• Administrative tools ->

Performance

MMC -> ActiveX control -> System Monitor


Using System Monitor• Select appropriate view

● Chart, Histogram, Report


Using System Monitor• Adding counters

● Choose computer● Choose performance object● Choose counter● Choose instance


Chapter 5

Troubleshooting Network Protocols and Services


Overview of Network Protocols• Overview of TCP/IP Protocol

● Benefits● Features● Basics of IP Addressing and

Configuration❍ IP Address❍ Subnet Mask❍ Default Gateway❍ Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol (DHCP)❍ Domain Name System (DNS) servers❍ Windows Internet Name Service (WINS)

servers


TCP/IP properties


Overview of Network Protocols• Options for Deploying TCP/IP Configurations

● APIPA (Automatic Private IP Addressing)❍ - client does not receive an address from DHCP❍ - client chooses an IP address from the following range❍ 169.254.0.1 – 169.254.255.254 mask 255.255.0.0❍ - verifies that it is not in use- continues to check for the presence of a DHCP server

every 5 minutes● Disable APIPA in registry

HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\SYSTEM\CurrentControlSet\Services\Tcpip\ParametersIPAutoconfigurationEnabled=0


Overview of Network Protocols• Options for Deploying TCP/IP Configurations

● Using Alternate IP Configuration


Using an Internet Connection Firewall (ICF)

• ICF is a stateful firewall

• Should only be used if connected directly to the Internet

• Do not use with VPN and on the internal connection of a ICS host


ipconfig


Overview of Network Protocols• Testing IP Configuration

● IPCONFIG❍ /all❍ /release❍ /renew❍ /flushdns❍ /registerdns❍ /showclassid❍ /setclassid

• PING

• NBTSTAT

• PATHPING


Overview of Network Protocols• Testing IP Configuration

● Local Area Connection Status


Overview of Network Protocols• Overview of TCP/IP Protocol

● DNS❍ resolves hostnames to IP addresses❍ resolves IP addresses to hostnames❍ alternative is a HOSTS file

● WINS❍ resolves NetBIOS names to IP

addresses❍ resolves IP addresses to NetBIOS

names❍ alternative is LMHOSTS file or

broadcast


Overview of Network Protocols• Understanding TCP/IP Name

Resolution● DNS● NetBIOS over TCP/IP (NetBT)● WINS● HOSTS or LMHOSTS files● Subnet Broadcasts

• Using Multiple IP Addresses


Using the New Connection Wizard• Use the New Connetion Wizard

to implement remote connections


Setting Up a Modem


Using Virtual Private Connections• Windows XP can be a VPN client

• Windows XP can also be a VPN server

● limited to 1 connection only


New Virtual Private Network connection


Using Virtual Private Connections


Configuring and Managing Internet Explorer


Using Remote Desktop and Remote Assistance

• Remote Desktop

• Remote Assistance


Remote Assistance• Start -> Help and Support -> Invite a friend to connect to

your computer with Remote Assistance -> Invite someone to help you

[email protected], 10.03.2006 Osnove podpore MS namiznim sistemom (XP) Boštjan...

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