Shiv Shakti Enterprise, Ahmedabad, Pharmaceutical Filling Labeling Packaging Machines
Borosil Pharmaceutical Ahmedabad
Transcript of Borosil Pharmaceutical Ahmedabad
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Borosil Mansingh Survismeter: Green &Sustainable Technological breakthrough in
Pharmaceutical Industries Prof. Man Singh, Dean
School of Chemical SciencesCentral University of Gujarat, Gandhinagar
Email: [email protected]
Presentation on: Resource Saving Device
for pharmaceutical QC, formulation &Applications24 th Dec 2010 Hotel Pride, Ahmadabad
Singapore Patent: 126089 granted on 28 th Jul 2008
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How come BMS an asset to Pha-ceutical science•Pha-ceutics/pharmacy opens all options to turn a new
chemical entity into medication•If is safe & effective
•It is a science of dosage form design
•Since many chemicals show pha-cological properties•But a raw chemical is of no use•Thus formulation of drug molecule into a dosage
form is required f or pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamics,pharmacoepidemiology, pharmaceutical formulation &technology
Molecular interaction engineering, intermolecular activities &activation are foundation of pha.ceutical sciences
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Physicochemical Indicators: PCI•Formulation needs stable & acceptable drug
•It has several substances apart from drug itself •So QC is must to ensure drug compatibility with them•Pre-formulation need PC & chemicomechanical study
of drug for choosing ingredients•E.g. Protein pre-formulation needs solubilizationunder stress: Freeze, temperature, shear stress for
degradation & formulation•For bioavailability & activity of drug
•PCI sense stability data like disintegration @
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Why are PCI essential for drug QC•Drug is in association of inactive additives for
consistent drug dosage•E.g. tablet with uniform appearance, acceptable taste,hardness, disintegration be maintained
•Diluents, longer stability of formulations•loading ratio of active drug w.r.t. total contents is ahighly sensitive formulation
•Stability is essential but if it is not then invalidresults are obtained in clinical trials
•It is also impossible to administer actual dose
•Hence PCI infer structural changes in IMF, IMA
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Drug stability for efficiency•Under temperature, humidity, oxidation, photolysis-
UV or visible lights is analyzed for degradation•Also to check unwanted interactions in preparation &
container•Test for plastic container stability is done to prevent
ingredients adsorption on it•Interaction with plasticizers, lubricants, pigments,
stabilizers leach out of plastic•Adhesives for container are ensured for not leaching
through plastic container into preparation/packing•Cohesive, frictional, friccohesity, van der Waals
forces are analyzed for QC
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Molecular activities for drug efficiency•Drug substance must be soluble in aqueous medium
at a controlled @•Particle size affect dissolution• Fast dissolution is not ideal as slow dissolution @
•As it can prolong a duration of action & also avoidinitial high plasma level
•Study of active ingredient is must
•Spherical particle shape is advantageous for drugformulation
•Hence molecular activities do control QC
•Surface area along surface energy is analyzed
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Frequent formulation tests need eco-friendly dev•Several molecular activity based data: Surface
tension, interfacial tension, wetting coefficient, surfacearea, particle size, viscosity & friccohesity act as most
authentic PCI for pharmaceutical applications•Their frequent individual measurement with usual
method for analytical tests• Need manifolds experimental resources,
infrastructural support, skilled manpower, time
utilization•It wastes huge chemicals & laboratory infrastructure
causing pollution on discharge
•Borosil offers a cutting edge & sustainable device
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Fundamental concept: Electrostatics induce PCI
Cohesive force =
2204
1
pm
pm pm
w
ww pmwnimf
r
r
qqF F F
> Adhesive force
Adhesive force > Surface tension
Non-wetting surfaces: Lotusleave, Teflon surface, glossysurface, Interacting
non-corrosive surface
Wetting surface: low qualitypaints, earth surface, metallic
surfaces-NSS, ordinary paper,
corrosive surface
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Inventions Create Human Histories:R4M4 Tech: A step forwards
•PharmaceuticalworldR4
•Reduce•Reuse•Recycle
•Redesign
•Hilarious &Exciting forM4
•Multipurpose•Multidimensional• Multitasking
• Multitracking
Enables analysts, users, researchers,R & D, QC, formulation & new developments
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Measures Fundamental PhysicochemicalQuality Control Indicators [PQCI]
1. Surface tension ( ±10-2
mN/m) or energy(±10 -2mJ/m 2)2. Interfacial tension IFT ( ±10 -2mN/m)
3. Wetting coefficient ( ±10 -10kg/Ns)4. Surface area ( ± 10 -2 m2 /mol)
5. Viscosity ( ± 10-4
mPa.s)6. Activation energy ( ± 10 -4 mJ/mol 2)7. Friccohesity ( ± 10 -6 s/m) Dual Force Theory8. Molecular interactin efficienc
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Data Measuring Limits (DML)MV & HV models
1. Surface tension :10 to 200 ±10-2
mN/m2. IFT: 0.5 to desired ±10 -2mN/m3. Wetting coeff.: 0 to desired ±10 -10kg/Ns4. Surface area: 0 to desired ± 10 -2 m2 /mol5. Viscosity:(MV) model: 0 to 300 ± 10 -4 cP
(HV) model: 100 to 2000 ± 10 -4 cP6. Activation energy: Based on MV & HV data7. Hydrodynamic volume: Proteins, drugs8. Friccohesit
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Conceptual & Working TheoryLoop Air Pressure Monitoring [LAPM]
Bypassing Liquid Potential Energy [BLPE]Gravitational & Non- G Operation [GO, NGO]
•On & Off Junctions [OOJ] & piston pump operate
•Survismeter 5 loops & 5 functional bulbs [FB]•FB holds sample at different potential energies•OOJ encloses loop to functionalize experiments
•Reservoir bulb [RB] pools up sample & bypasses toloops•Unequal pressure in loops & RB become operationalwhere P 0 & pressure gradient generated
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Nomenclature & GenesisNatural science & pronunciation convenience
[Pagan Theory]: Hyphenated Tech
Sur: Derives from surface tension, interfacial tension,cohesive force, wetting coefficient
Vis: Viscosity, frictional forces, Newtonian & non-Newtonian liquids, solvent binding & carrying, shearstress
Meter: Quantity assessment for non-ideal analysisTheory : Potential Energy & Liquid DistributionEquilibrium [ PELDE ] in closed carburetor
Friccohesity [s m-1
] Frictional & Cohesive forces
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Concept • ,
h h l d l l
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Physicochemical data calculations.
0
0
0
n
n
000
t t
2
1
-
i )x-(x1
1 n
in
s
At h
t h
022
Surface tension
Interfacial
Tension
10012.0
000
n
n
t
B
t
t
HDL
HDL
LDL HDL HDL IFT
n
LDLinHDL
airin
n
Viscosity
Wetting coefficient
Friccohesity
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Magneto Rheological Fluid: MRF•MRF is smart in carrier fluid like oil with intactedCBF (covalent bonding force)•Apparent viscosity increased with magnetic field to apoint of viscoelastic solid•Viscoelasticity materials (VEM) exhibit both viscous& elastic nature on deformation• Viscous, honey resists shear flow & strain linearlywith time on applying a stress•Elastic materials strain instantaneously on stretching& quickly return to original state on removing a stress•Elasticity is due to bond stretching in lattice
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MRF could enhance efficiency of formulations • binding, breaking, assimilation, association, dissociation,
• adhesivity, movement, bond formation, electronic shift,Newtonian & non-Newtonian liquids,
• dispersion forces, intoxication, protein unfolding• Wetting-drug disintegration, dewetting, energy liberation,
entropy, curing, water effects• Oil/fat-water, mixing with surfactant mutual mixing, LLI-
IFT, salting out, (NH 4)2(SO 4) separate out protein• Surface activity, surface area (1/ Ѓ, m 2 /mol ), IFT, wetting
coefficient ( WC ), viscosity ( N s m -2), dipole moment range• Herbal anti-wrinkle creams, cosmetics, soaps, detergent,• inks, sol gels.
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Boosts up major pharmaceutical applications•Extreme QC for medium to avoid recipe reaction with
fillers, coating, thin film forming material as PQCI
•No complex formation, optimization of bindingforces, dissolution, absorption of drugs
• For batch to batch QC, fillers ointmentsQSAR: quantitative structure-activity relationship
•Biological activity or chemical reactivity isquantitatively expressed as molecule conc. for certain
biological responsePCI/structures are noted as numbers/quantitative
structure-activity relationship for biological responseof chemical structures
l f f
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Syrup routine volume formation for syrups Oil-water emulsion, colloids, lotions, Listerine,
Hydrophilic-lipophilic balance, a value fixed inadvanced for syrups
Gels, sterilization
F & D : Formulation & developmentSolubilzation
Drug receptor interactionDrug protein interaction
Drug bindingSurface area
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Potential gradient driven activities•Active ingredient activities due to activation energy,
particle hydration as it is least active•why do you feel thirsty just after salty food intake but
not water sweet items•QC of pha-ceutical expicient, wetting agents for drug,
micro emulsion, molecular force control•Surfactant as additives in pharmaceutical liquids,
emulsifier, rheological study of pharmaceuticalliquids, semisolids, pesticides,
•Poorly wettable drugs surfactant addition based onlaw of mass action: Le chatelier actions
• Potential radient driven action
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Anti-wrinkle/nasolabial folds cream formulation•Unequal molecular force distribution (MFD) for
creating active, efficient drugs• Since MFD is not equal in suspension & forceinterface works as crack theory due to least CF
•Suspension are not stable & settled with time as twounequal forces vectors works together• Hence friccohesity is great phenomenon
•Anti-wrinkle/nasolabial folds creams unequal force•For scanning KCl aqueous gel solution with
conducting properties
•spreading capacity in cosmetics
Fl l
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Flocculants•Viscosity control mechanical mixing & sedimentationof 0.1 µm particles in water with negative electrostatic
charge repel each other•Coagulants neutralize electrostatic charge &
particles collide & agglomerate together with Van derWaals's forces
•Larger & heavier particles are not flocs•Flocculants or flocculating or flocking agents do
flocculation in colloids & other suspended particles inliquids to aggregate forming a floc
•Surface are and particle size are determined withsurvismeter
A li i f fl l
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Applications of flocculants•Flocculants purify water by sedimentation or filtering
smaller particles•Are used in swimming pool or drinking water to
remove turbid/cloud causing microscopic particles•Flocculants are multivalent cations: Al 3+, Fe3+, Ca 2+ &
attract x - particles & molecules•Reduce barriers to aggregation
• pH, temperature, salinity form insoluble hydroxidesprecipitating forming long chains or meshes•Long-chain polymer flocculants are polyacrylamides,a sold flocculant as good business supplied in dry or
li uid form in flocculation
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Flocculants•Common liquid polyacrylamide is supplied as
emulsion with 10-40% active & rest a carrier fluid,surfactants & latex
•Emulsion polymers need activation to invert emulsion
& allow electrolyte groups to be exposed•Flocculants: alum, aluminum chlorohydrate,aluminum sulfate, calcium oxide, calcium hydroxide,
iron (II) sulfate, iron (III) chloride, polyacrylamide,sodium aluminate, sodium silicate
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Spreadability analysis•Sunscreen creams, anti-sunburn skin-care preparation
must form continues thin film with higher spreadibility•Hence high quality biosufacatnst are addedIodine tincture with heating holding capacity
•Cold cream making continuous thin film with holdingmoisture so that skin does not crack
Moistening creams in summer
•Edible oil trans is cancerous (max 2.5%) & cis non-cancerous, different molecular structure with different
friccohesity
F i h ki i il l bi di i
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Fermentation checking, similarly bioremediation
,
Fermentor
On going fermentation processfor checking production of
biosurfactants
Department of Biochemical
Engineering& BiotechnologyIIT-Delhi
Basically Survismeter is a dream project
Pistonpump
Pressureregulato
N h ti l d t f ti ti ff t
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New pha-ceutical products formation: magnetic effect
Vitamin B1
Vitamin B6
High reversibility
Critical pointin alignment
Constant value
Solid behavior
Heterocity causes more shear in B1
Poly N vinyl pyrrolidone oximo L Valyl Siliconate
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Poly-N-vinyl pyrrolidone oximo-L-Valyl-SiliconateM. Singh, G. Vani, Bull Korean Chem Soc 31, 1869, 2010Excellent model
of molecular motions
Highly usefulfor acoustics, biosensorsstructural
protein unfolding
H
Atomictier structure
POVS
H
A i S i f T i & M i l
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American Society for Testing & MaterialsIn ASTM standards = centipoise (cP)
1 p = 1 g cm -1s-1 =10 -3 kg 10 2 m -1s-1
1 p = 0.1 kg m -1s-1 = 0.1 Pascal1 cP=[(0.1)/100] Pa·s = 0.001 Pa.s,10 -3 = milli (m)
1 cP = 1 mPa·s = 0.001 Pa·swater =8.90 ×10 -4 Pa·s = 8.90 ×10 -3 dyn·s/cm 2 =
0.890 cP at 25 °Cwater at 20 °C = 1.0020 cP = 0.001002 kg/m s
blood 37 °C = 3 to 4 cP, almost 3 to 4 times of waterglycerol = 1490 cP, honey = 2,000-10,000 cP,castor oil 985 cP, corn syrup 1.3806 1380.6 cP
Blood higher than ater ?
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Blood higher than water ?water = 0.8903 cP
Blood modulates tissue perfusion, C. Lenz et alHealth Care Industry
Blood reducing drugs: Pentoxifylline (Trental) &
oxypentifylline; physician prescribes•Anticoagulants: Warfarin (Coumadin), blood thinnersor clot inhibitors
•Calcium channel blockers: Diltiazem (Cardizem), totreat high blood pressure•Angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors:
Enalapril (Vasotec), used to treat high blood pressure
MRF of Aqueous protein mixtures
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MRF of Aqueous protein mixtures
Singh M, Bull J. Chem. Edu. 18,2009, 172
Why does eggon boil becomesbrittle: IMF
Not necessarily MRFon magnetic does
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Synovial fluid-SF in synovial joints cavitiesSF is non-Newtonian flow
viscosity coefficient is not constant & fluid is notlinearly viscous
SF is thixotropic, viscosity decreases & fluid thins
over a period of continued stressNormal SF contains 3 to 4 mg/ml hyaluronan
hyaluronic acid
D-N-acetylglucosamine joined by alternating beta-1,4& beta-1,3 glycosidic bonds
Hyaluronan increase viscosity & elasticity of
cartilages & lubricate surfaces
MRF l l i & H b di
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MRF: molecular energetics & stronger H bonding
Glycerol, sorbitaol, carboxymethyl cellulose bind water,hydrodynamic volume = ([η].M), infers gelationMetallic toxicity, detoxification, G=-[2.303nRTlog ( η / η0)]Molecular potentialities, biophysics, colloidal sciences,
G=-2.303nRTlog [ η], [η]=intrinsic viscosity
Emulsions & rheology of biomacromelcules, activationenergy (E*)log( η)=log A-(E*/R)1/T, slope= E*/R, R=8.314 J mol -1k -1 Entropic driven dents for resolving cholesterol depositionk stability constant: G=-2.303nRTlog ( η / η0)log k = G/(2.303nRT), antilog gives k valueEntropy S=( G/ η), H (enthalpy change) = G+T S
Food Rheology: FR
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Food Rheology: FR•FR is useful in food processing for QC/QA due toconsistency in flow, (IMF) = 0, NI
•Consistency & degree of fluidity infer storingduration, stability & texture•For unadulterated & fresh food & arereproducible at desired interval of time• Consumer acceptability depends on textures:•Like how spreadable & creamy a food product is•Thickeners-starch, gel, proteins in aqueous increase without modifying taste•Increase stability & maintain suspension of addedin redients
Food thickeners FT
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Food thickeners FTFT are polysaccharides: Starches, vegetable gums,
pectin & proteinsFlavorless starch: Arrowroot, cornstarch, katakuri
starch, potato starch, sago, tapiocaVegetable gums: Alginin, guar gum, locust bean gum,
xanthan gumProteins: Collagen, egg whites, furcellaran, gelatin
Sugars: Agar & carrageenanSodium pyrophosphate acts on casein in milk in
preparation of instant pudding & are
functional flours
Functional flour
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Functional flourFunctional flour are produced from cereals: wheat,
maize, ricewith specific heat treatment increase stability,
consistency,Acidic pH, sterilization, freeze conditions, help
industries to formulate fresh food for final consumerThickening agents like gelling are additives in
cosmetics as personal hygiene productsAre used to thicken & stabilize liquid solutions,
emulsions, & suspensionsFT are polysaccharides (starches, vegetable gums,
ectin roteins
Micelles Softanol 90 polyoxyethylene alkyl ether
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Micelles, Softanol 90, polyoxyethylene alkyl ether,C12-14, m+n=11
2830323436384042444648505254565860626466
687072
0 0.001 0.002 0.003 0.004 0.005
% conc.
s u r f a c e
t e n s i o n ,
m N /
Aq-Bovine serum albumin
Aq-Softanol 90
CH 3-(CH 2)m-CH-(CH 2)n-CH 3
O-(CH2-CH2O)xH
Nonionic surfactants, emulsifierdefoaming agent, spreader, detergents, uses-textile, agriculture, pulp & paper, etc.scouring agent, emulsion polymerization,dispersant,
Surfactants & dendrimeres for MRF
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Surfactants & dendrimeres for MRFSurfactant: A lky chain (hydrophobic) & functionalgroup (hydrophilic) Anionic, Cationic, Nonionic:Industrial inputs *
DodecylbenzensulfonicacidDBSA anionic
TetramethylammonuimhydroxideTMAH Cationic
Carboxymethylcellulose (CMC),glycerol ( longer
flower life ),
polyoxyethylen,butanol, pentanol
nonionicMonitoring of molecular surfaces
Studies are required for comparativeagglomeration
Molecular radii: r A 0(10 -10nm)
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Molecular radii: r A 0(10 10nm)• (η / η0)=2.5 φ , φ volume fraction, Einstein eqn• η in 1 Poise =1 g cm -1s-1, p & Pascal-sec: P=0.1kg m -1s-1= 1
Pa·s, 1 cP (centi p)= 0.001 Pa·s = 1 mPa·s• φ = (4/3) r3Nc, N=6.022x10 23 is Avogadro number, c is
recipe concentration
• Entanglement of herbal molecule HV=[ η]M
φ
c, mol/L
Molecular binding
Ideal or inviscid liquidMolecular fragmentation
Binding influenceactivities of molecules likeimpurities changepropertiesQuality of herbal formulations must have critical compositionsfor maximum otential
PVP-Oxime interaction mechanism self H-Bonding
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PVP-Oxime interaction mechanism, self H-Bonding
H2C CH2
H2C
N
(CH CH2)n
N O H
CH2H2C
CH2
N
(CH
NOH
CH2H2C
CH2
N
NOH
H2C CH
2
H2C
N
(CH CH2)n
N O H
CH2)n
(CH CH2)n
hydrogenbonding
H 2 C CH 2
H 2 C C
N
(CH CH 2 )n
O
Industrial Applications
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Industrial Applications•Molionic (molecular & ionic) like blood, serum,biofluids, glucose water, electoral, herbal mixture,medicines Chavanprash•Molecular mixtures : Glucose-water, amino acid-water, protein-water, benzene-acetone
•Ionic mixtures : NaCl-water, NH 4Cl-water, salts-water•Zwitterionic mixtures : Amino acids,•Industrial solvents: Tetrachloroethylene in drycleaning & toluene, turpentine in paint thinners• Stabilizers butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT),carboxymethylcellulose (CMC), tooth paste, digitalinks blends
0* bulk > 0* sur activation energies
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2 > 2 activation energies.
-120
-112
-104
-96
-88
-80
-72
-64
-56
-48
-40
-32
-11000
-10700
-10400-10100
-9800
-9500
-9200
-8900
-8600
-8300
Activation energyin surfacereorinetation onLHS Y-axixActivation energiesin bulk reorientation onRHS Y-axix
20* bulk > 2
0* sur
Dendrimers dialkylmalonate esters bifurcations
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Dendrimers, dialkylmalonate esters bifurcations,binding & transporting capacities for anticancerdrugs
•High potential, surface area, wider intersticesSurround cancerous cells, toxic metals, optimize freeradicals, unfold protein, interact with weakly activech les er l
Maximumstretching
Drug binders MRF
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Drug binders MRFstarch
dextrose
D-fructose
Magnetic dose
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Magnetic dose
C i i l T C i (CTC)
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Critical Tn Concentration (CTC)
Variation differs than MRF
Magnetic dose
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Magnetic dose
Biocompatible surfactants, EDTA anionic surfactant
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p ,
0.580
0.585
0.590
0.595
0.600
0.605
0.610
0.615
0.620
0.02 0.03 0.04 0.05 0.06 0.07 0.08
mol/kg
v i s c o s i t i e s , N
s / m s q u a r e
Aq-EDTAAq-Borax
Aq-Ninhydrinfrictional force with ninhydrin is weaker, sprayswith no clump & lower conc. has weaker forces,higher EDTA conc. form clumps
borax shows reverse action
Disodium ethylene – diamine – tetra – acetateChelation Therapy
C10H10CaN 2Na 2O8calcium disodium preventscalcium depleting in body
Anti-smart fluid
Anti-MRF
SEM pepsin micrograph without electromagnetic dose
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SEM pepsin micrograph without electromagnetic dose
SEM pepsin at e ectromagnetic ose o 2. Ampere &63 G
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p p g . p63 Gauss
• ,
Pepsin with 0.005g% FeCl 3 at similar electromagnetic dose
FF are nanoparticles, suspended by Brownian motion& not settle under normal conditions
Surface area (1/ cm 2/mol) doses effects on 0 05 g%
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Surface area (1/ , cm /mol), doses effects on 0.05 g%pepsin at 1.0, 1.8, 2.1, 2.5 Amp at 22, 35, 47, 63 Gauss
with time interval (h, sec), respectively
-7787
-6770
-6252
-5809
-8200
-7700
-7200
-6700
-6200
-570020 25 30 35 40 45 50 55 60
Gauss
S u r f a c e a r e a
ST ( ) = - 2.303 RT τ log c(τ) surface excess conc. 1/ τ is surface area
R = 8.314 J/mol/K, T= 294.15 K,Surface area,cm 2 /mol, m 2 /mol
=26.084 - 0.5388G + 0.0026G 2 (Standard Equation)
Neem Azadirachta indica oil-dewetting with
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Neem Azadirachta indica oil dewetting withcetylpyridinium chloride (CPC)
CPC in mouthwashes, toothpastes(sodium fluoride-NaF & sodiummonofluorophosphate-Na 2PO 3F)antiseptic
Only oil CPC =
0.0005%
0.001%
0.0015% CPC
Disruption of intermolecular
MRF: Antioxidant/pro-oxidant: Structural change
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MRF: Antioxidant/pro oxidant: Structural change• Molecular weight of extracted macromolecule-Mark Houwink
Sakurada Equation, Log [ η] =log k+ a log M
• Highly useful for free radicals (HOCl,.
O2-
(superoxide),.
OH)• 2 Fe 3++ H +(ascorbate) → 2 Fe2++ dehydroascorbate – 2 Fe 2++ 2 H 2O2→ 2 Fe3++ 2 OH · + 2 OH -
• Biosurfactant on broth fermentation, yeast forms few
biosurfactant that influence process, intermittent study
DehydroacorbateAscorbateAcid ion
MRF: Antinutrients metal chelating from herbal food
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MRF: Antinutrients, metal chelating from herbal food• Phytic acid [PA] is in hulls of nuts, seeds, grains but
cooking food slightly reduces PA, sprouted food with skinis good
• PA is a chelator of minerals Ca 2+,Mg 2+, Fe3+, Zn 2+ & causesmineral deficiencies in people lead to osteoporosis
IMF drasticchangeWith muchstructuralinteractionsFrictional,cohesive,adhesiveforcesinteresting
Osteoporosisa bone diseaseaccessible toincreased risk
of fractureSo bonemineraldensity(BMD)
Talk on Survismeter, Govt. V.Y.T.PG. Auto College
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a o Su v s ete , Govt. V. . . G. uto Co egeDurg Chhattisgarh 26 th Feb 2010 Prof. Man Singhdemo
,
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,,
Paints & Pigmen
Polymers
Foods
Inks
Bisleries
Supercritical solvenTextile
Beverages
Pesticides
Soap & Detergent
Cosmetics
Fuel &PetroleumThe experimenter isensuring perfect samplepreparation for surfacetension, interfacialtension, wettingcoefficient, viscosity &friccohesity with
Survismeter
Solvents pharmaceuticals
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Solvents pharmaceuticals•Material’s exponentially revolutionized- polymers,cosmetics, inkjet, inks, printing, lotions, mist spray,fumigation, pesticides, insecticides, petroleum & oils,soaps, detergents, syrups, sol-gels, solvents, fuels,textile spinning, paper technology, drugs, baby food,VOCs, cancerous VOCs, polychlorinated biphenyls-PCB, area•On going processes- Fermentation, Polymerization,Reaction kinetics, protein unfolding, disintegration etc•Surface tension, IFT, viscosities are frequentlymeasured for Quality Control & Formulation
Wider industrial applications
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Wider industrial applications•Nail polish, tattoos, deodorants, scents, fragrant,volatile flavor, coating, polishing [release VOC,thinners-ethers acetone, hexane ethanol, benzene,shiners, CCl 4]•Emerging fields of printing, calendaring, drycleaning, textile, cleaning-drying, households, interiordecorations, floriculture, fumigation, sprayants•These highly specified applications with highest QC& Chemical Formulation•Their surface application need highly controlledFriccohesity for better efficiency & durability
Hospital cleaning Valued Added Product
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Hospital cleaning Valued Added Product•Attached with Laundry-Machines for checking
washing efficiency of detergents at spot withdifferent water quality
•Low surface tension takes less water & time in
washing clothes, consumes less electricity•Attached as useful product with kitchen to ensure
ST for saving water and detergent too
•Similarly with dry-cleaning mixtures•Also spray paint mixtures, floor washing
detergents, Toiletries etc
Chromatographic separation
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Chromatographic separationSeparation column
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Friccohesi ty vs g % of resins
0.01180
0.01230
0.01280
0.01330
0.01380
0.01430
0.01480
0.01530
0.01580
0.0005 0.0025 0.0045 0.0065 0.0085 0.0105
g % of resins
F r i c c o h e s i
t y , s / m
R1(0.5:16:1)
R2(1:16:1)
R3(0.5:10:1)
high resolution dueforce coefficienthighresolutiondue forcecoefficient
Distinguishesmass ratios
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Viscosity vs g% of resins
0.823
0.853
0.883
0.913
0.943
0.973
1.0031.033
1.063
1.093
0.0008 0.0028 0.0048 0.0068 0.0088 0.0108
g % of resins
V i s c o s i t y , 0 . 1 k g / m
s e c
0.5 M : 16 F : 1 PVP1 M : 16 F : 1 PVP0.5 M : 10 F : 1 PVP
Does not distinguishes
mass ratios
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,Breakage & fabrication cost 80%Lab infrastructural expenditure 95%Glass, blowing gases, O 2, LPG, manpower 97%
Prevent heat emission to environment 95%
Transport, maintenance, operation 95%Chemicals & solvents 98%Promote green chemistry & technology
Inspires youngsters to learn scienceUsers time, water, cleaning reagents 98%Experimental human efforts 98%Electricit [oven, exhaust fan, tube li ht etc] 98%
Philosophy of Survismeter
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p y•Value Scientific Dreams for new frontiers•Modernize, reorient & fascinate science• User friendly•Hazards free
•Environmental friendly•Affordable & simple science•Prevent washing reagents-chromic acid, sulfuric acid
H2SO 4 as polluting effluents•Efficient & attractive•Generate newer analytical tool like Friccohesity for
Surfactants, molecular efficiencies in applications
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Singapore Govt. IPR
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Air filter for SOx, COx, NOx, HCl, H 2O, VOCs, COCs,
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polychlorinated biphenyls, SPM
Biofluids,biomoleculeseven nitrogenEnvironment is
allowed
Radon in airSo filter device is mustsuspended carbon matriculates
Acid, alkalimoistened air,as acid rain, Sofilter device ismust
Singh M. Bulg. J. Chem.
Edu. 18, 2009, 172
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Filter for highquality air,
free of SPM,Co x,No x, SO x
Piston pump-silicon tube for
UO for pressuregradient, to liftsample up fromreservoir bulbCPU-control
pressure unit
I F T c a p
i l l a r y
Used in beverage industries for QC
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g Q• Improve Stability & Shelf life using
biocompatible biopolymers• Xanthan• Bean
• gum• Pectin• Starch
• Cellulose gel• Critical tn Concentration (CTC)
Significantly indispensable from ink
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g y pindustries
Gum (pectin rich): A suspension agent of ink to solublize insoluble pigmentsCopper sulphate: As coloring agent for ink
Red wine: A continuous medium Tannin
The Survismeter decides their chemical ratios
using ‘tn’ factor’ The tn incorporates all operational forces in the
mixtures to get most stable ink
Density decreasing additives of
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y gbiocolloids & cosmetics
•Surface tension, interfacial tension , viscosity,wetting coefficient illustrate QC & ChemicalFormulation &
•Spreading & continuous film forming nature•Starch: binding properties•Proteins: suspension
•Butylene Glycol: stabilization•Cellulose acetate phthalate CAP: binding•Cellulose acetate butylate CAB : binding
Indispensable from detergent industries for
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p gQC & CF
Few additives for QC/CF•Sodium tallowate - foaming agent•Cocamido propyl betaine - foaming agent
•Sodium hydroxide•Cellulose- whitener
Few additives in soap industry
•Glycerol•Sodium hydroxide•Foaming agent•Whitener
In cosmetic industry for QC & CF
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In cosmetic industry for QC & CFFew additives
• Glycerol• Wax
• Butylene Glycol• Cetyl alcohol - emulsion
stabilizer; viscosity increasingagent
Surface tensiometer, US Patent 4416148
Low surface tension kids science
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,
agent, used in consumer products toothpaste to prevent gingivitis
no extra benefit to health in other consumer products
TriclosanAntibacterial& antifungal
Polarization induces dispersion/mutual mixing
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Electrostatic charges disperse as
6
4
3R
I I
I I E
B A
B A B A
ABdisp
HCs-water IFT %
Air-water 72 0Pentane-water 48 33Hexane-water 47 35
Heptane-water 60 17
= polarizability of A, B & I = ionization
M. Singh & H. Matsuoka, 2008, SRL,16,599, 2009
Parameters densities of critical solutions
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.
B/t = 10 -7 & 0.0012(1- ) = 10 -6, hence
soln = 0+A’ +B’ 2
tnnt
00
0
ref liquid = 0’+ A 0 + B 02
t & n measured with survismeter foref liquid whose data are knownput in eqn 2 for data for fewtemperatures
Constants A & B are put in eqn 4
Eqn 1
Eqn 2
Eqn 3
Eqn 4, are used for &
Surface protection in daily use
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•On glazed paper-no sticking, ink-optimum friction• Baby food-sticking in trachea, Friccohesity control
•Lungs fluid ST 15-25 mN/m•Oil carburetor friction, Karl Benz (1885), initiatedcarburetor for fuel distributionIt works on friccohesity avoiding friction fire Apple, banana, guava become brownish on cutting
their Fe n+ reacts as 4Fe+3O2
= 2Fe2O
3
•Natural surface protection from O 2, H2O•Metallic surface coating, anti-rusting coats
Blood viscosity 7x higher than water1
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water vis = 0.8903 g cm -1s-1 = N m -2s, 1 P = 1 g cm −1 s−1, 1 p = 0.1 Pa.s, 1 cP = 1 mPa.s = 0.001 Pa.s
Blood viscosity modulates tissue perfusion: C. LENZ, A.REBEL, K.F. WASCHKE, R.C. KOEHLER, & T.
FRIETSCH *
Health Care IndustryBlood-viscosity reducing drugs: Pentoxifylline (Trental) &
oxypentifylline; physician prescribes•Anticoagulants: Warfarin (Coumadin), blood thinners or clot inhibitors
•Calcium channel blockers: Diltiazem (Cardizem), to treat high bloodpressure•Angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors: Enalapril (Vasotec),used to treat high blood pressure
Philosophy of Survismeter
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•Value Scientific Dreams for new frontiers•Modernize, reorient & fascinate science• User friendly•Hazards free
•Environmental friendly•Affordable & simple science•Prevent washing reagents-chromic acid, sulfuric acid
H2SO 4 as polluting effluents•Efficient & attractive•Generate newer analytical tool like Friccohesity for
Surfactants, molecular efficiencies in applications
Biocompatible surfactants of routine use
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293031323334353637383940414243
0.02 0.04 0.06 0.08
mol/kg
s u r f a c e
t e n s i o n , m
N / m
Aq-EDTA
Aq-BoraxAq-Ninhydrin
O
O
O
indan-1,2,3-trione
O
O
H2OOH
OH
Ninhydrin
Na 2B4O710H 2O[Na 4B5(OH)]2-
Eyes washing
LLI Interaction distinguishing model of food salts
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3.04 3.03
2.77
4.05
4.88
5.33
2.702.913.123.33
3.543.763.974.184.394.604.815.02
5.235.44
I F T , m
N / m
IFT, mN/m, ammonium with isobutanol
IFT, mN/m, Sodium acetates with IB
Na cation with no H bonding with -OH of isobutanol with no mutual mixinammonium cation with 4 H atoms causes H bonding with -OH of IB withmutual mixing
+NH 4
Na + ------- H 2O----HO-IB