Book1: Unit 1 Fang Jin I. Cultural Notes

1.Spaghetti

http://www.macaronigrill.com/ Pasta (macaroni and noodle) Macaroni (semolina) spaghetti (Italian for “little strings” ) vermicelli ( “little worms” very thin)

2.Table Manners

A Few Rules (I) Do not play with the table utensils or crumble the

bread. Do not put your elbows on the table, or sit too far

back, or lounge Do not talk loud or boisterously Be cheerful in conduct or conversation Never, if possible, cough or sneeze at the table. Never tilt back your chair while at the table, or at a

ny other time.

A few rules (II)

Do not talk when the mouth is full Never make a noise while eating Do not open the mouth while chewing, but keep th

e lips closed. It is not necessary to show people how you masticate your food.

Never indicate that you notice anything unpleasant in the food.

Do not break your bread into the soup, nor mix with gravy. It is bad taste to mix food on the plate.

A few rules (III)

Never leave the table before the rest of the family or guests, without asking the host or hostess to excuse you.

Eat soup with the side of the spoon, without noise.

The fork is used to convey the food to the mouth, except when a spoon is necessary for liquids.

A few rules (IV)

If you wish to be served with more tea or coffee, place your spoon in your saucer.

Tea or coffee should never be poured into the saucer to cool, but sipped from the cup.

If a dish is presented to you, serve yourself first and then pass it on.

II. Comprehension Questions

What’s the “essence of the essay”? What does the title mean? What has brought the change in the boy? What have been changed about the boy? What’s the relationship between the rules of

writing and a good essay?

III. Language Study

1. associate …with

compare: connect …with / relate …to

2. assign - assignment

Example:

She assigned him to wash dishes.

I assigned you the job.

3. turn out

The school has turned out some first-rate scholars.

turn out cars / a cake / a poem

4. anticipate: think that sthwill happen and prepare for it. Example:

①We anticipated that the enemy would attack at dawn, and made preparation to rebuff them.

compare with “expect” – wait for sth or sb

coming

think sth. will happen

Wait forPrepare

for

Compare:

I expect that there will be problems within the next ten minutes.

I expect that he will be here within the next ten minutes.

用 anticipate 引导某个需要行动的事（比如一个问题）更自然。含有预先、预防的意思。

In the following sentences,we can only use “expect”. She expects me to pay for the damage.( 要

求 ) I expect to see you soon. （期盼 ) The peace talks are expected to take place i

n London.

Reputation: general opinion about the qualities of a person(favorable or not)

He is a man with a reputation for honesty.

The school had a good reputation for exam results.

Reputation 表示“名声”时总是和品质、能力、职业、事件联系在一起。见上例。

Reputation 若单独使用，则常表示“好名声”、“声望” That has greatly lowered her reputation

(fame). His reputation (fame) suffered considerably.

Compare “fame” – the state of being well-known or much talked about

He has achieved fame as a composer.

He has come to fame as a pop singer.

Fill in the blank:

The English have a _______ for bad food.

Inspire: in + spirare (breathe)

vt. 1. Stimulate/impel/influence(make people

feel that they want to do something and

can do it)

2. Motivate as by divine or supernatural

influence

Example:

After his trip to Venice, he felt inspired to learn Italian.

The young painter had the example of Picasso to inspire and guide him.

Her confident speech inspired her followers. The muse does not inspire all poets equally.

Example:

He spoke like a prophet inspired from above.

Inspired: an ~ poem; an ~ moment;

an ~ guess

Inspiring: ~ music (speech)

Every line on his face tells a story. It’s so ~ for an artist.

Example:

Inspiration: Genius is 1% inspiration and 99% perspirati

on.

tackle: begin or try to do something; deal with The computer can be programmed to ~ a wh

ole variety of tasks.

Sequence vs Series

Sequence: logical or numerical order

the sequence of events / programs

Series: something similar, more or less related, following one after another in time or place

a series of concerts

Respectable:

1. Worthy of respect

He wanted to become a singer but his father didn’t think it was a ~ profession.

2. Socially acceptable, proper

3. Fairly good

The final score was a ~ 2:1.

Respectful: full of respect

There was a ~ two-minute silence as we remembered the soldiers who died in the war.

Be respectful of :

We should be respectful of other cultures.

Respective: 各自，分别 Everyone would go into the hall for assembl

y and then afterwards we'd go to our respective classes.

He and I contributed the respective sums of 50Yuan and 100Yuan.

As it were: you might say; so to speak He is little on the large side, as it were. I’m a sort of unpaid advisor, as it were, to t

he committee.

As it is (turns out; happens; stands): in fact

I thought things would get better, but as it is they are getting worse.

其他可用形式：as things were/stood/turned out/happened

As it was/stood/turned out/happened