BOOK REVIEWS - NISCAIR 20(1-4) (Book Review).pdf · BOOK REVIEWS Encyclopedia of library and...

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BOOK REVIEWS Encyclopedia of library and information science. vol.9 - Fore -edge painting to Germany. New York, Marcel Dekker, 1973. viii, 545p. ISBN 0-8247-2109-8. ~ 40 (per voluri'le on subscription basis) ~ 50 (single volume) [Reviewed by B. Guha] With the publication of the present volume the Encyclopaedia is just half way through. This mark has been reached in about five years time. In a way this a measure of the enormous task the editors have taken upon themselves. Like all the previous volumes, the pre- sent one is also an argosy of useful informa- tion which will be received with joy by every- body interested in any way in the field of lib- rary and information science. There are two very comprehensive survey articles on France and Germany. The article on Germany and its libraries and documentation centres fills up about 150 pages. This article is, of course, a composite of many smaller contributions on different aspects of German libraries and,in- formation centres. The article on France and its libraries is not so comprehensive. A mere 42-page desc ription was thought enough for the purpose. Apart from country survey articles the Encyclopedia has been presenting useful arti- cles on subject librari.es and literature of broad subjects. In this category we find four articles in the volume - Geographical libraries and map collections, Geograptrical literature, Geological libraries and collections, and Geo- logical literature. All of them are very use- ful and the last two have been very well pre- sented too. An article of similar nature is on the Genealogical' libraries and collections. Since, the articles are coming out in alphabetical sequence, one can anticipate to a large extent the contents of a volume. But 136 even then, it has been an experience with the present reviewer, that each volume has been bringing out at least something beyond this alphabetical anticipation and some surprises. They are surely pleasant surprises. One coukl reasonably anticipate that the present volume would cbntain articles on Fortran Of Game theory, but surely not on 'Format, Catalog1or 'Funding: library endowments in the United Stat.es", Perhaps, 'Catalog forrnat ' has been accomodated here in this volume by simple inversion. Whatever may be the reasons, the inclusion of these articles are pleasant sur- prises. The article on Funding is a substan- tial one, covering about 48 pages. Other articles worth mentioning are on Friends of libraries, General semantics, Geo- graphical codes, German union catalogs, and a few biographical articles. The list of contributors to vol, 9 includes the names of 42 distinguished persons. A geo- graphical break-up of the contributors gives us the following analysis - U. S.A. - 24, Ger- many - 9, U.K. - 5, France - 2, Canada and USSR - 1 each. The editors do not seem to have any in- tention of correcting in any way the information given under IAdvisory Board", Mr. B. S. Kesavan has long retired from INSDOC and INSOOC is not located in Calcutta. This doub- le fault should not be allowed to drag on too far. In fact since vol 7 this is continuing and the Encyclopedia office must be having enough sour ceafo find out where INSDOC is located. The thesaurus in retrieval, by Allan Gilchrist. London, Aslib, 1971. viii, 184p. .£4.90 (.I. 3. 80 for Aslib members) SBN 851420362 [Reviewed by T N Rajan] The word thesaurus appears to have been brought into use in the context of infor- Ann Lib Sci Doc

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BOOK REVIEWS

Encyclopedia of library and informationscience. vol.9 - Fore -edge painting toGermany. New York, Marcel Dekker,1973. viii, 545p. ISBN 0-8247-2109-8.~ 40 (per voluri'le on subscription basis)~ 50 (single volume) [Reviewed by B. Guha]

With the publication of the presentvolume the Encyclopaedia is just half waythrough. This mark has been reached in aboutfive years time. In a way this a measure ofthe enormous task the editors have taken uponthemselves.

Like all the previous volumes, the pre-sent one is also an argosy of useful informa-tion which will be received with joy by every-body interested in any way in the field of lib-rary and information science. There are twovery comprehensive survey articles on Franceand Germany. The article on Germany and itslibraries and documentation centres fills upabout 150 pages. This article is, of course,a composite of many smaller contributions ondifferent aspects of German libraries and,in-formation centres. The article on France andits libraries is not so comprehensive. A mere42-page desc ription was thought enough for thepurpose.

Apart from country survey articles theEncyclopedia has been presenting useful arti-cles on subject lib r ar i.es and literature ofbroad subjects. In this category we find fourarticles in the volume - Geographical librariesand map collections, Geogr aptrical literature,Geological libraries and collections, and Geo-logical literature. All of them are very use-ful and the last two have been very well pre-sented too. An article of similar nature ison the Genealogical' libraries and collections.

Since, the articles are coming out inalphabetical sequence, one can anticipate to alarge extent the contents of a volume. But

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even then, it has been an experience with thepresent reviewer, that each volume has beenbringing out at least something beyond thisalphabetical anticipation and some surprises.They are surely pleasant surprises. One couklreasonably anticipate that the present volumewould cbntain articles on Fortran Of Gametheory, but surely not on 'Format, Catalog1or'Funding: library endowments in the UnitedStat.es", Perhaps, 'Catalog forrnat ' has beenaccomodated here in this volume by simpleinversion. Whatever may be the reasons, theinclusion of these articles are pleasant sur-prises. The article on Funding is a substan-tial one, covering about 48 pages.

Other articles worth mentioning are onFriends of libraries, General semantics, Geo-graphical codes, German union catalogs, anda few biographical articles.

The list of contributors to vol, 9 includesthe names of 42 distinguished persons. A geo-graphical break-up of the contributors gives usthe following analysis - U. S.A. - 24, Ger-many - 9, U.K. - 5, France - 2, Canada andUSSR - 1 each.

The editors do not seem to have any in-tention of correcting in any way the informationgiven under IAdvisory Boar d", Mr. B. S.Kesavan has long retired from INSDOC andINSOOC is not located in Calcutta. This doub-le fault should not be allowed to drag on toofar. In fact since vol 7 this is continuing andthe Encyclopedia office must be having enoughsour ceafo find out where INSDOC is located.

The thesaurus in retrieval, by Allan Gilchrist.London, Aslib, 1971. viii, 184p. .£4.90(.I. 3. 80 for Aslib members) SBN 851420362[Reviewed by T N Rajan]

The word thesaurus appears to havebeen brought into use in the context of infor-

Ann Lib Sci Doc

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mation retrieval, for the first time at theDorking International Study Conference onClassification in 1957. About the same time,Luhn was pr obabl'ythe first person to think interms of information retrieval thesaurus forvocabulary control, using the expression 'dic-tionaries of notional families'. It was, per-haps, Vickery who contributed the first pape ron thesaurus which was published in the J.our-nal of Documentation in 1960. The first mac-rodocument that carne out on this subject wasin German by Soergel in f969 entitled Klassifi-kationssystem undThesauri; eine ~nleftUngzur Herstellung von Klassffikatfone sy stem undThesauri in Bereich der Dokumentation. Thebook, presently under review, the first in theEnglillh language, is the efforts of Allan Gil-christ. These interesting landmarks vividlyportrays the remarkable growth and develop-ment of the subject since the introduction ofthe concept.

In developing controlled vocabularies forpost coordinating indexing sytems, the conceptof thesaurus has been found to be a useful aid.'Term lists' and 'thesauri' have been designed.the former presenting a straight list of terms,both preferred and rejected with their alter-natives (unstructured) and the latter consistingof lists of concepts leading from one conceptto the other (structured). Although several ofthese types have been constructed and used invarious indexing systems, there has not beenany general book giving a descriptive accountof the different methods of construction of the-saurus with some of the best examples of the-sauri in use. This need has been admirablymet by this book, although this book does notpurport to be a guide manual.

After giving a brief background of theindexing process in relation to coordinate in-dexing, the author examines, in some detail,the different technical terms used, such asconcept, descriptor, keyword, lead-in-termsetc; , to put his discussion on thesaurus in pro-per perspective. Considering thesaurus com-pih.tion as an example of syst em design, themain characteristics of thesauri and the designprocess are briefly outlined. Of the four fac-tors, viz., objectives, environment, resourcesand measures of performance, that govern thedesign, considerable attention is given to per-formance ·interms of the two CraD1ield mea-sures Recall and Precision. The recall orient-.ed devices deal with semantic problems thatinclude synonyms control, word form corit ro l ,

Vol 20 No 1-4 Mar-Dec 1973

and classification methods. While classifica-tion could equally be effective both as a recalland precision device, its use as a recall deviceis highlighted. Formation of hierarchies andlattices. facet analysis and semantic factoringare some of the methods considered under clas-sification. The concepts of clumps and clus-ters developed for automatic classification arealso discussed here. The precision orienteddevices included are coordination, use of linksand roles, weighting and relational indexing.For the coordination of terms, the methodsdeveloped in the Thesaurus of Engineering andScientific Terms and the British TechnologyIndex are described. Relational indexing devis-ed by Farradane and SYNTOL (SYNTagmaticOrganisation Language) of Gardin are summa ri-sed here as systems which places emphasis onthe recording of relationships in indexing. .

The chapter on Coding is mainly focuss-ed in relation to the physical storage mediumfor coordinate indexing, particularly with thefeature cards. The methods of presentationof terms and display of relationships of thesau-ri. are discussed in the chapter on Formatsand Aids.

Ten case studies present a comparativeanalysis of different kind-s of thesauri and termlists developed, which use a mixture of techni-ques described earlier inthe book. Amongthese are the TEST (the Thesaurus of Engi-neering and Scientific Terms published jointlyby the Engineers Joint Council and the U. S.Department of Defence) and the Thesaurofacet1970 of English Electric Company publf shed in1967 and 1970 respectively. These two repre-sent the partly structured and fully structuredthesauri. The Thesaurofacet integrateB the"best features of a faceted classification andthesarus, and can be used independently as aclassificatory system and a thesaurus whileTEST, considered a 'Classic' uses a numberof clas sification aids.

A chapter on searching, describes thesearching techniques using Venn diagrams toshow relationships between concepts and achapter on evaluation summarises the litera-ture on evaluation of indexing systems includ-ing descriptions of some of the well knownexperiments.

In the final chapter, the author pointsout that while the proliferation of the8aur,i~,

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term lists and faceted classification, may cul-uminate in the development of a standard anduniversally acceptable scheme, there willstill be strong arguments in favour of local andtailor m a de sc heme s,

An appendix give s brief sections outliningvarious physical aspects of the principle ofCoordinate indexing as found in printed index-es and in the use of certain types of equipment.

A good bibliography of nearly 450 refer-ences on coordinate indexing and thesaurus en-hances the value of the book.

Cataloging far library technical assistants, byJay E. Daily and Mildred S. Myers, withthe assistance of George M. Sinhankas ,2nd ed; WashinKton, Gryphon House, 1973.viii, 96p. ISBN 876590296 ft 4 [Reviewed by.B. Guha]

This slim publication is a textLookwith a difference. It is meant for any personwho wishes to have a general introduction tothe cataloguing of books in libraries. Theauthors have very frankly stated that, "astudent should not attempt to learn librarycataloguing from these chapters at the levelwhich would be described as competency. II

On the other hand the text provides sufficientdetails lito equip any graduate of a high schoolprogram in liberal arts for the task of descrip-tive cataloging. II

The text is divided into ten chaptersdevoted to topics like Bibliographic descrip-tion, Descriptive Cataloging (AACR), Maine.ntry, Centralized proce s s ing , Card reproduc-t~on ~ethods, End prC'cess and filing, Classi-f ic at i.on and subject headings, etc. Throughoutthe text the emphasis is on the practical as-pec.ts, as the authors believe, "Cataloging isan mtensely practical discipline." Within thelimited objectives set by the authors them-selves, each chapter is an example of remar-kable success. On most of the topics mention-ed above it is quite easy to overdo. In fact-the~ost difficult task while writing on such topicsi s, perhaps, to put the restraint at the correctpoint. This, the authors have been able to doadmirably. Each chapter is short yet includes

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all the essentials, easy for comprehension yetprovides insight into the principles.

However, the present reviewer hasbeen attracted most by the chapter -on the MainEntry which is actually an attack on the mainentry. It has to be admitted that this chapteris not meant for beginners whom the authorshave in view. Only the most advanced studentswill be able to fully appreciate the views ex-pressed therein. The whisper compaignagainst the concept of main entry, that is slow-ly gaining ground, has found a very strongsupporter in Professor Daily. Perhaps, thecampaign would gain momentum after the appli-cation of ISB 0 in more bibliographical tools.-This chapter, as has been announced, is basedon research conducted at the University ofPittsburgh Graduate School of Library and In-formation Science since 1966.

The attacks on the main entry aresurely the severest so far and sound to bequite convincing too. They say, after goinginto the origin of it, "Main entry turns out,in fact, to be pretty much a will 0' the wisp.It is a concept deeply imbedded in our prac-tice, but when we come to inquire into therationale behind it, it is difficult to discoverany... What a vast, complicated, unnecessarybibliographic rigma::ole we have raised up inorder to provide it." On the other hand theyhave demonstrated, with example, the simpli-city of the alternative to the main entry systemin the form of 'title unit entry' and claim that,liThe immediate advantage of the practice •••is that all the inquiry, debate, interpretation,judgement, and conflict concerning the ques-tion 'what shall be the main entry' has been dis-posed off. for there is no such question to beasked. In one step. having divested ourselvesof the complications of the main entry conun-drum, we have freed the cataloging processfrom the inhibitions placed upon it, providedthe means of speeding the cataloging p r ec e »

dure, and hopefully, reliev~d cataloging of thesomewhat dubious honor of being one of thecostliest procedures in the whole area of tech-nical processes. II

The above views, the reviewer is sure,will enhance the value of this publication apartfrom meeting the basic objective of providinga modern introduction to library cataloguing.

Ann Lib Sci Doc

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Cataloguing standards; the report of theCanadian Task Group on Cataloguing Standards,with recommendations to the National Libra-rian Dr Guy Sylvestre. Ottawa, NationalLibrary of Canada, 1972. x, 91p. [Reviewedby B. Guhaj.

The Task Group on Cataloguing Standardswas set up through a recommendatr'on of theNational Conference on Cataloguing Standardsheld at the National Library of Canada in May1970. The terms of reierence included, ingeneral, studying aud identifying present de-ficiencies in the organizing and processing ofCanadian rn at e r ial , and the cataloguing pro-blems of Canadian libraries, and to make re-commendations for improvements. The TaskGroup was divided into six well defined sub-gro'Jps for work assigmnents. The subgroupswere on the Stand.ardization of Entry and B'rb »

liographic Description, Classification ofCanadian History and Literature, Cl a s s if icat ionof Canadian Law, Canadian Lists of SubjectHeadings, Processing of Governrnent Docu-ments, and Processing of Se-rials.

The present report is the result of workof all the subgroups and the Task Group. Inthe report there are 58 valuable recommenda-tions covering aJl the aspects in which the sub-groups worked. It has been very rightly said,"the recommendations of this task group pro-vide a blueprint for long-term action and a r enot merely a series of patches over today'smost pressing problems".

The Task Group has maintained that "co-operation in the production of bibliographicdata and its exchange is no longer an ideal buta necessity if libraries are to continue to meetthe needs of their users with available' re-sources". It is true that attempts are beingmade at international levels for the standardi-zation of bibliographic description and data sothat bi ol iog r aphi c records are made compatibleand thus could be exc harigr-d. The NationalLibrary of Canada feels that such attempts willbe successful only if within each country acentral agency takes the responsibility for co-ordination and the adaptation of standards tolocal as well as international needs. Theimportance of this feeling will be well appre-ciated if we consider this in the context ofUNISIST programmes on systems interconnec-tion. It is gratifying' to note that the NationalLibrary of Canada has taken this very ti mel y

I ead in 'this matte r. In f'ac t Dr Syl ves tr e

Vol 20 No 1-4 Mar-Dec 1973

believes that, "The National Library has a de-finite role to play in the development of anational information network. It should act asa coordinatcr, both at the government and atthe national level, it should provide guidance inplanning systems; it should also help in theirimplementation". The present report itself isan indication as to what extent the NationalLibrary is aware of the problems confrontingthe Canadian library community and how keenlydesirous it is to fulfil its international obliga-tions.

Coming down to the actual recommenda-tions contained in the Report, the reviewer istempted to refer to a few of them which willinterest quite a large audience. Thus, thesecond recommendation reads, "The com-mittees on revision of Anglo-American Cata-loging Rules be urged to reconcile the dif- 'ferences between the North American andBritish texts as early as possible". Surely,this will be supported by the librarians of manyother c ourit r ie s . The ninth recommendationsreads, "The National Library explore the possi-bility of cataloging-in-publication for all typesof Canadian materials". The Library of Cong-ress has already demonstrated that the C. I. P.is the most practical and nearest approxima-tion to librarians' long-cherished dream ofpre-natal cataJoguing. Both these recommen-dations are on standardization of entry andbibliographic desc r ip tion,

Government documents have quite a fewcharacteristics of their own. As many as

,fourteen recommendations are made for thecontrol and description of these documents.It has been recommended that the NationalLibrary assume r es p ons ib il ity for designingand maintaining a non-conventional systemsuitable for processing government publicationsin libraries which do not catalogue such publi-cations. Similarly, it has been recommendedthat the National Library and legislative libra-rians study the feasibility of a project to issuein microform federal and provincial publica-tions.

In the area of processing of serials thereare quite a few fdrward-looking recommenda-tions. It ha s been urged that the NationalLibrary and the National Science Library join-tly establish and maintain a comprehensivemachine-readable serials data base •.. whichshould be capable of generating a variety of

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union lists, directories, statistical informa-tion, etc. ':'he National Library has also beenas ked to take the initiative to become theofficial Canadian agency for assigning ISSNtoCanadian serials.

Although the recommendations of theReport are meant to be implemented by theNational Library of Canada and other agenciesin Canada, the publication should have a muchwider appeal. The Report brings into focus,although indirectly, the vastly expanded role ofa national library in the changingbibliographi-cal and information world. Library adminis-trators' planners and students will all be bene-fi tt edf r orn this aspect of the publication.Federal library resources, a user.'s guide to

research collections, compiled by MildredBenton. New York, Science AssociatesInternational, c 1973. vii, 111p .. ft 10.00.SBN 0878370021 [Revised by B. Guha}.

The publication is a guide to 164 federalresearch libraries in the U. S. A. Betweenthern, it appear s , they hold collections on everyconceivable subject. As the Preface puts itthey 'constitute one of the great intellectua.1resources of our Nation'. They represent someof the most unique collections in the UnitedStates. Libraries with highly special isedcollections of about a thousand volume to thelarge and comprehensive collections of thethree national libraries viz , , the LC, NALand NML find a place in this guide.

Libraries have been listed alphabticallyand under each entry information about agencyaffiliations, important telephone numbers,nature of services provided, description ofresources etc. are provided.

A Subject Index has been provided at theend. This is a very broad index and with anumber of inaccuracies. The library of theNASAdoes not get any mention under the sub-ject heading Aeronautics. Similarly, AtomicEnergy Commission libraries do not get amention under the heading Atorrric energy inthe Index. There is no subject heading asDesalination, although the Bureau of Reclama-tion library has been said to cover this subject.There are many more similar inaccuraciesin the Subject Index.

Since the guide has been compiled for thebenefit of librarians and others who rnayrequire access to these library collections,it would have very little use outside the UnitedStates.

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Catalogue of periodicals in the CMERI Library,compiled by P.K. Chaudhury and others.Durgapur , CMERI, [1973}. ix, 207p.Mimeographed, [Reviewed by B. Guha}.

The catalogue lists in alphabetical se-quence 942 periodical titles available in theCentral Mechanical Engineering ResearchInstitute Libraryat Durgapur. It providesinformation about holdings also. The mainpart is well supported by a Classified Index(by UDC), with a key to Classified Index, anda Sponsor Index. The entr ies follow thepattern of those in Insdoc's catalogues inbibliographical details.

In the choice of entry, periodical titleshave been recorded under their latest knowntitles. References, of course, from ear l iertitles to the latest have been provided, sub-ject to the availability of these titles in thelibrary.

Even a cursury glance through the pagesof the catalogue reveals that quite a largenumber of titles are having incomplete volumes.Their number is rather distressingly large.Surprisingly a number of Indian journals,including C. S. 1.R. journals, are havingincomplete volumes (i. e , , having rrriss ingissues). How such a thing could happen orhow best some of the gaps could be filled inare questions which.would .surely be engagingthe attention of the librarian. But, looking atthese gaps, the present reviewer feels that thework of compilation of this catalogue must havebeen made enormously difficult involvingactual physical verification of a large numberof loose issues of periodicals. That thecompilers have gone through this laboriousexercise and have very faithfully reco·rded thetrue picture of the holdings of the>library issomething that has to appreciated. This wouldbe a useful record of permanent value .both forthe library and its user s ,

In view of lnsdoc's programme of pro-ducing a national union catalogue of serials,such catalogues of individual libraries haveassumed greater importance. The entries inthe present catalogue have been prepared onthe pattern of catalogues prepared by Insdoc.This compatibility, very wisely provided by thecompilers, will be of rnuch advantage in thecumulation of individual catalogues intoregional catalogues and the final union cata-logue.

Ann Lib Sci Doc

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Research libraries in developing countries,by Krishan Kumar. Delhi, Vikas Publish-ing House, 1973. [X}, 464p. Rs 50.SBN 7069 02564 [Reviewed b.y B K Sen] .

The title of a publication may at times;partially hide what it actually contains. Or.the other hand the title may also announcesomething which is not contained in the publi-cation. The pre sent publ ic at ion seem.s to bea combination of both of these opposing charac-teristics. On the first count the presentreviewer got a pleasant surprise. The publi-cation contains rnuch more t.han is announcedby its title. There is a coznplete report on ausers' survey of the SapruHouse Library c on-ducted by the author. In fact this surveyreport extends over m.ore than half of thepublication. On the sec ond count, the bookcontains for less than what the title prom.is e s ,Firstly, research libraries in the field ofsocial sciences only forzn the base of thisstudy, secondly, by developing countries theauthor has rriean f' only the following sevencountries in South and South-East Asia: India,Pakistan, Malaysia, Singapore, Indonesia,Thailand, and Taiwan. Incidentally, it znaybe znentioned here that it looks a bit anachro-,nistic that an Indian book published in 19"13should m.ean by Pakistan the pre-BangladeshPakistan.

The first part of the book presents asurvey of the research library scene of theseven countries m.entioned above. That thereis a real need for rnor e and rno r e such studiesis beyond doubt. In fact it is often com.plainedthat we know very little about our im.m.ediateneighbours and there are very few sources toknow about th e rn, Hence, the publication willnaturally raise high hopes. But even a cur-sury glance into the pages reveals an unfortu-nate imbalance in the treatm.ent of the libraryscene in these countries as compa r ed to thatof India, in most of the chapters. Thus, inChapter 7 (Research libraries exc lud ln g univer-sity libraries) about p pages are devoted toIndia, while all the other countries together fillup about 11 page s only. In the next chapteron University Libraries this imbalance isrnor e prominent. The author provides a 23-page narrative for the Indian universitylibraries, whereas he could provide only all-page account of the university libraries inall the other six countries. Indonesia, withfifty three universities, gets only a single-page treatznent.

It is also observed that the most signifi-cant pr onounc e rnent s in rnos t of the chapters,on the libraries of other countries, are usually

Vol 20 No 1-4 Mar - Dee J 973

quotations from sources mostly published inthe West. Hence. the author depicts a picturewhich is actually a patch-work of many viewsfr om Western sources.

The author seems to be particularlycritical about the National Library, Calcutta.In Chapter 7 where the resources and servicesof various libraries in India are discussed, inall cases only factual accounts have beengiven. But the singles out the NaHonal Libraryto make the following comznent. "However,the services provided by this Ii brary are farbelow the one s expected frozn the nationallibrary of a large country like India".Similarly, about the Indian National Biblio-graphy, c ompi Ie d at present from the NationalLibrary, and the Delivery of Books Act onwhic h the INB is based, the author remarks,"In actual practice. many publishers do notsend their publications for inclusion and thelleznay not be included in the bibliography'. I)uchstat e rnent s are uncalled for and useless- fromthe point of view of readers when the authorhas not provided any basis for it. 'Manypublishers do not send their publications'does not znean anything. The author does nottell us whether the INB is covering only 10'70of the national literary output or rnor e than90'1. of it as a result of this alleged non-compliance with the provision of the Aot.

In Chapter 9 (Future and suggestions foriznproveznent) the reviewer was surprised tofind that the author opens the discussion,under India (P. 171), with a reference to somecharges made by 'one leading librarian' whlchappeared in a local newspaper. It was nodoubt a good fun and all enjoyed it with themorning cup of tea. But there was nothingin it that calls for a reference of this news-paper article in any serious discussion.

All that have been said so far relatesto the first part of the book only. The secondpart of it. as znentioned earlier, contains thereport of a users' survey of the faznous SapruHouse Library. This is a coznpetent study.In fact very few Indian librarians and docu-m.entalists can boast of such detailed users'surveys. The data collected through thesurvey have been' fully analysed and presentedvery neatly. The proforma of the question-naire used is also available. The reviewerfeels that this part itseH could have been agood separate monograph.

In page 102. the parag raph on Indone siagets under the wrong heading of Pakistan.Except for this bleznish the publication livesupto the high reputation of the Vikas imprint.

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