Book of the Dead Project
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![Page 1: Book of the Dead Project](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062418/554ba295b4c905b8618b4bf7/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Book of the Dead Project:A new approach to Digital Editions of Ancient Manuscripts
using CIDOC-CRM, FRBRoo and RDFa
Dr. Barry Norton,Development Manager, ResearchSpace*
* Funded by the Andrew W. Mellon Foundation * Hosted by the Collections Directorate, British Museum
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Background
• The Egyptian Book of the Dead is a funerary text:– consists of a number of codified spells;– often illustrated by a stereotypical set of
vignettes;– represented on papyri and linens buried with
the dead;– developed by a number of geographically
diverse traditions/schools.
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Everyone’s Favourite Source…
“ ”
Actually, in their very (textual) content
“ ”
We’ll come back to that
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Malcolm Mosher
• Mosher’s first volume concentrates on Spells 1-16– collects the variants into versions representing the
traditions;– provides an aggregate translation, paragraph by
paragraph, with annotation of internal variability (e.g. late/early);
– relates the versions to identified museum objects;– illustrates each spell with vignettes and original
text fragments.
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Malcolm Mosher
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Malcolm Mosher
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British Museum
• As one would expect, the BM has some of these objects:
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British Museum RDF
• … and publishes these in RDF:
equivalent to
(as in the W3C standard for data publication, Resource Description Framework)
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British Museum SPARQL
• … allowing querying in SPARQL(the W3C standard for querying RDF)
(N.B.: this is quite a crude query to achieve a broad estimate)
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British Museum SPARQL
• … allowing querying in SPARQL• so we can (somewhat) answer that earlier
question:
(N.B.: again, this query could be refined)
No more SPARQL, I promise…
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British Museum ‘Terminology’
• From a given starting point, e.g.: Either from this ID
or by text search
(plus a bit of work)
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“Follow your Nose”
• We can easily (without SPARQL) find interesting relationships:
Clicking here
then here
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CIDOC-CRM
• Modelling these relationships is what RDF is for after all:
crm:P62_depicts
bm-person:54984bm-obj:YCA23978
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CIDOC-CRM
• Modelling these relationships is what RDF is for after all:
• The CRM ontology defines:– properties to provide a shared conceptualisation of kinds of relationship
crm:P62_depicts
bm-person:54984bm-obj:YCA23978
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CIDOC-CRM
• Modelling these relationships is what RDF is for after all:
• The CRM ontology defines:– properties (Pn), a shared conceptualisation of kinds of relationship– classes (En), a shared conceptualisation of kinds of resources
crm:P62_depicts
bm-person:54984bm-obj:YCA23978
crm:E22_Man-Made_Object crm:E21_Person
rdf:typerdf:type
(N.B. this might be the wrong class!)
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CIDOC-CRM @ BM
• Ultimately we can use these classes and properties to build a rich model of our data:
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Requirements beyond CRM
• CRM provides a good model for the objects• In order to model Mosher’s conceptual
structure, however, we need to model:– the wholly conceptual ‘Book of the Dead’;– the decomposition into spells, paragraphs, etc.;– Mosher’s (whole) volume;– Mosher’s conception of coherent versions/traditions;– Mosher’s translations;– the relationships to vignettes;– spell (original) texts, vignettes, and their relationship to
the objects that carry them.
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FRBRoo
• FRBRoo:– is a sister ontology to CRM and natural used in
combination with it;– like CRM, takes an ‘object-oriented’ approach to
formalising a foregoing Entity-Relationship model;
– models precisely these implied classes (Fn) and relationships (Rn) –
• Works are the product of Expressions, which are made physically available through Manifestations
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BoD in CRM and FRBRoo
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BoD in CRM and FRBRoo
We’ll come back to this after a short detour
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ResearchSpace
• ResearchSpace– provides a collaborative research environment;– provides a number of tools to facilitate this –
• search and browse,• data annotation,• image annotation, (and many others);
– integrates RDF from multiple sources (per project);
– without explicit SPARQL, etc.
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ResearchSpace Search
• Semantic search based on terminology, not just free text:
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ResearchSpace Search
• Semantic search using explicit (but possibly abstracted) relationships:
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ResearchSpace Search
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ResearchSpaceData Annotation
• Data annotation allows us to question and add new relationships, e.g.:
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ResearchSpaceData Annotation
• Data annotation allows us to question and add new relationships, e.g.:
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ResearchSpaceImage Annotation
• Given an image (associated with an object), user can – create a geometric
outline within image – relate this new
component resource to terminology
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Text Annotation
• So what about annotations within text?
bm-person:54984
bm-id:YCA62412
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• Can derive CRM (but not FRBRoo?) semantics
• Can derive HTML/UI
• Need to define semantics
• Need to process into HTML/UI
Several Choices
• Stand-off mark-up (common in NLP)
• In-place mark-up with XML tagging– A custom schema– Shoe-horning into existing
schema, i.e. TEI
• In-place mark-up with RDFa…
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RDFa
• In contrast with other approaches:– XHTML/RDFa is already HTML;– RDFa allows embedding of CRM, FRBRoo
and any other vocabulary (classes and properties) we choose;
– allows ‘distillation’ of RDF by generic means;– works alongside the Web model (being our
target), disambiguating the hyperlinks we’d make in any case.
(Schema.org? OpenGraph?)
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Future Work
• In the coming weeks ResearchSpace will hire a User Experience team member
• We will produce a Web site for the data and services already produced
• Longer-term we’ll look at the TEI exposure of the manuscript:– This may allow different paths through the
structure, via SPARQL queries, to be exported as TEI ‘views’