Book 08 - Human Performance & Limitations

8/7/2019 Book 08 - Human Performance & Limitations

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Tlh,e,oretiical Traini'ng Manua,l:s- - - --

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a By 'r d blood' , ~l om bined \lth -__rb n die x id eb By re d blood cells combined w'" , nitroaeo and 'w,' iter VHr ur':_) By red b100d cell s ('om bined wi ~1h "n1o'g1o b~11, ) y red / de H ombiner ~ .h b n im g, rt..h..rmones _ 0 - 1 pia mHO\~l 'is I 'he rat ' , nd d (J I of br, athi 19 ontr J led ?a) By th e am o ,-n L of OX)'= haem :gl bin in e b I0 _ d and Iung

By th ~ mou to' ha m globin in th Iood ' n I [ i r J ' lungs') c arb , n di x~d" I~Ul I, y, n iJ~'~ h bloc and "the J Id ' 'f e arbon i c scid nd , ~ rte r VQ ' ,U Ini~ol:r, n ' l i , rure in the b lood ,.'nd

hIml

;V b t w lh " funa) le~l : lPUI11P deoxyge , ted hi 'dt the ur

Right: Pump ' 0' ygenan d bl ad a und th e bodyb) left: Pump" ox' g" na te d blood "round th b o d ly

-, ig ht : Pump d: 0" .yg matec bl ad t th e Inn, 'ef : P'ump" ox gen te d b ad 'to th , h ..n.

Right: P L 1 l 1 l 1 do' n~ l d blood' ro und th , bodyd) Len ~ PIUllP oxy ,' e n a d blood to th e lU!IDg,

R ight : Pump oxygenated blood around the b D r n y

I)b)c)d)

Fan] i~yhs~:oryL ael : 0 .e' erci ,, . 'b - it '" 'sm kin

R lli '.'I Ibid pr _,.ure ..I, be it) ~fan li y i s t o r a.gt pII~ ' O l - W history 0 " ca rd io _ fl.,.' u a I D 'p o bl ." ,'~ I .m I i !g , ' i . . . . ~ , blo ,d c hole rer I di' be te s .

- ) i Iy 1 1 1 - 1 ry ge previ ',U h .,.ory of'c rdio v scular 'pro' le rm .,ri ru' d b'~ '. pre . '~smoking m i sed b illood ..h ole' tercl, lac', 0" xercise, iabe tl ... am il y history age, p J l " ious hi tllry of anti 0 va cular pI'Obl ems, raised blood pres ureS m o ." h l: : _ . . r m se d b lo od c ho le ste r 1, la .If, t e r i s e obesity, diabetes,

d, Rail, e' bloo pr _'sure, , g ,~ ' mil) ' h i ory, re ious 1 1 ~ tory of rdio va'cnh rpr bh m ~smokin obc ~, ~raised ,~locd hole I ro, diabe e .


3/95

HU AN PERFORM,ANC,E TH iE C~RC IU 'LA10RV ' SYSTEM]

a) Diahetes, raised b J ! O D d cho lesterol, sl1:uJki:ng~prev~:oL]s history of eardie vascularpIobl~111S'~age, family history, obesity ..raised 'b lo od p res su r e.

b) Diabetes , lack of exercise, raised 'bLood chol es te ro l . . smoking, raised blood pressure,previous history of cardio vascular prob~enls,~age, fa:miJy .h~s~ory,.

c) 'Diab~tes:; obesity, J ac k 'o f e xe rc is e, raised bleed cholcstcrel , sm oking , raised bloodpressure, previous history 0 'cardio vascular problem s. ag e, fam H )' history,

d) R aised blood pressure cbesiry. . family h'isrory,! a ge " d ia be te s, ra is ed blood cholesterol .srnnking, pr-evious 'hi to ry of ce.1 1:1 ]0vascular p roblem ....

'1. L i, st th e symp [oms of earb on 'monoxide poison in (fE'a) Rudd y com pl ex ~on, headac h e ~ 5tO mach erarn p 8 ) , , , n au se a ~ FeeI in g ~e th ar g i c . .'b) D'~fficll.l~yW llbreathing, ruddy comple JOIl, ,~eadIJc.he,~stomach cram ps, nausea. feellugle l11lfg ~ lC ' "c) 'Ruddy compl exion ..headac he'"nau sea, g~dd i'ness i s~oll~achc r amp s,d) Ruddy complexion, headache, tightness acres th e forehead, impai red judgement,

~) To prevent c a- rbon d ie x ide poisoning a nd po ss ib ~.lefire,b ) To preven ~e arb on d i,Q ,x ide , P O I W so n ing '.'po' sib Ie fire or exp Iosl on.c) To prevent carbon monos id e p ois on in g .d) TOI prevent carbon d i01. id e p oi so n i' ng and pOS5 ib] e fire ..

a) An early onset of hypoxia due' In an apparent increase jo n altitude and a ' r e d u c t r u t J . r t inl l r u g l h t v~l:si 'Q~

1 0 ) An early 0n set of hy pox ia due to an apparent increa s e i1 1 n] ti ro d e ..c) , ' n early onset of hypoxia to an apparentincrease ~11alt i tude' up 10 a ' m a X h n U 1 1 1 , of

40..000 :ftd) An e~r~y onset o f h y po xia du~' to ,afJ apparent increase in a ltitu de w ith a result ing risk of

. .anaerura

al A~ :9 higher cabin altitudeb) .A~ a . lower cabin al titudec ' Both will experience hypox ia at ~he app 'roxin l~l~~Y th e same cabin altituded) Smoking, although harmful in other ways , lessens the effects of hypoxia


4/95

THE C IRICULA -0.. . n v ' leV~,TE[M_ _ _ .. _ F\. ~ _~ .._._.

a) T rue'b) fa~se

I) The arterie sb The veinsc) The 'cap j llariesd) The pulmonary vel n s and arteries

. Th ~ nonna l range of blood pressure is:. 1 . ) Systo ~:~cn . 2 0 mm H g and Diastol ic 80 mm H '.bl Sy~:rlomi'c80 nun ~ rgand Dia sto lic 12 0 mm ,H, .e) Syst(i~ic ~20 mm H g and Diastolic 120 rnm HGd), Systolic 80 rnm H g and Diastolic 8.0 mmHG

a )1 ECG read i rag sb) Tightjt~:ing and rel axation of the blood ves sels onlyc) E~GIreadingsd Tightening and relaxation of the blood vessels and the pulse rateH ypotension is, :,ft'b)c)d 1 )

High b~ood pressureE 1911pulse rateLaw b ~0ad! p re s'S u reLow pulse rate '

" H aem og lob in ha...[a p re fe re nc e to c arb on mo no xid e over oxygen by a factor of':I~.) ] 1 '0 0 - 1 2 ' 1 1b ) 2 ID O - 25'0c) 200d) n o ~,20

2 _'17 '


5/95

'T1HE CIIR,CIULA'TORY SIYSTE _

a) Imm ed iare descent to - :S A.'b) Turn up cab in heatc) Keep th e p atie nt' s body te mp eramre as low as pc ~ sibled) SlOP all smoking

a) low hod)! temperatureb) R educed to lerance to G fore ese) Infractd~ ,A ng ina

..) S 'lro :ke v10]'[U1W and the heart ra te ( p U ~ : S : J e rate)h) S [roke volume and vi s ee i r n ' t y of th e b~loodc) Pulse rate and fS~renet~,of the ventricle muscled) Pulse ra te o nly

a) Th e brain' s centro ~ of 't he pu 'I56 rateb) The exchang e of o:xygeD with c ar bo n d io x id e ,and water in th e cellsc) Sighingd) The retention of breath

2 . - 1B


6/95

RE,I. '.. ~ t a l v e o l r p m ia pre: s u _ of 0 'gen 0 " ' : 5 'mm '" 'g . : h I( i . '~h m ' umum ~ti _ d _ t

1 ~ H ; "eatbe I r% xygen dtbou P J l : ' ure ?, 8 ) ~ J 'N 00 fe..~b)cl n feetd feet

C ' I

O . 2 - 2lVygen z: ,(0Oxygen ....- .%[:.... gen 2 1 0 / 901 yg'. n 22~1( .

-e itro ' 0 1 1 0."ltrozen 7 : .%".itrogen -- 0 / 0Nitrogen 1'~Od

l O hI : th r _' es _%Other ,3 .e s 1 0 / 0ther gase i .1 %

. ,, . 1 ' I '.. I Iat . eo ,e e' ,.1 l5.5% R [ J . d ' . m -I~O I i_S[ e[;f lit I . '

b) ~6 ., .% and 7.6o/c~ respecti ely] , , '. 1 % and 5.3% res p ct'~vely21.1 %nd ~ . 5 1 % respe Ii, el

On a 1 O O ~ I U oxygen' t 40 000 'ee ..v 'hat 1 1 _ i: . ht in rhe mo .., 1 f t - re does the part]a] pre .ure ooxygen In I i l e W vee lieq uat - 'to ?a . a e I at , 2 '0 . 0 f etb)

d) The same as at 30,00 I .et.. " . ,,\-'1 13 .~ .hei hi i the p, irtial pr .S _-e of 0 yge'lI l l in the lungs ap ro' J'-[ [ " t 1 e I D y halfthat at _ea.1 .J 1?

, ) ~ .O '00 I feetb) , ~ ' - - O . O " F e tc) 30 '00 fe . t. ) : 1 1 00 .e ~

Ox fo rd A v iaUon SeN ess U m Iled


7/95

O XY Q iE N _,. N ID RESP I IRAT IDN.i . - ' .h 'J i h e p er ce nt s ge (J ox g _11 i d J e a nne phen at 1 '- ,.0 0 0 ,_e et '.

2 5 %b 2:~' ! I l lc) 32% ,

,pproxhnat, 1" 30 ~

) B lue inge in the lip'b) Stomach cramp

ain in t he joint ,d b m 1 1 p _ ,J r d j' ~,g~ elltthy do, cold ' :118. I,:. ou more su ,c, J J t i ' le to ] Iy 0 j' I ?

a I Ieart beat' fa, ter ~ hich use up more oxy gen') r en gy:i required when shi eriua dl re m re ex 'ft!:m usedc) 'e'i[' temp ratun of til " od_ ' l l l _ b makes it lc s s e: ~I, ientd L ow ers tern nera I e of the " dy and e . eci ll th h iad wh~[d1ha a

effect . In [lll ' ' r~j[I'. 'h It Is the' trst a. tin that n~ou~d be ern ry be _ '. il ar in rh e." m o f a c ab in d ec om pres sio nab ove 1 O ~00 feet.

a ,'e" nd _5 '0 n i."po ihleb) Don oxygen mas] and beck ' iXy,eL1 1 1 0 'c ' , iii _ , t h e ,p~,,'! i ' : _ n g ' C f sd] De scend an d ch '" k P~' .eager "

I O . ~n t1 wg t O l n e , n e C O U I p ] ain .f e 1 i ~ 8' l i.ght-il il eaded, du~~zy r i ru ling ,3[[ the fiagert w p an ' j,b r e a t h i n g r pidly , \ hat may ~ ' r n e y b ' i u f f e in _I f r - O O ' 3 J?, ,)b )c)d}

H ypox i c Hypox [ ,mor - Iype rven ti laticnF rmic tionL,YWlO'lSH y p ' rvemi 1 t~,on

3 8_~ . ".


8/95

HUMAINI I ERlfD'RNIANJ CI::' " ", I.. '.,-_ -, " .,,",' , ", f. ..I] . The carbon dioxide level of the blood level is higher than normal, Does, the brain :

a. ) Increase the rate of breath in g and puls rat-bJ Deerease ~herate of brearhing Ind pulse ratec) Increase the pulse rate and decrease rate of brreamingd.) Decrease tbe pulse rate an d increase rate of'b[~adli:rug

r a t ) . 5 minutesb '~minutec}l .J 0m~nutesd) 30 seconds

13. lfth e symptoms o f h yp erv en tilatien o ccu r at an altitude where bypoxia , is not a consideratiotiwhat rn s title correct remedial action ?8) Descend hJI M'SLb) Decresse rste and depth of brea rilingc) Increase rate nf brelthm~'d) If'pessible la y f l h l U and help b o calm sufferer

a . ) Scuba diving sho'ft~y b e o re flig bt.b) Snorkle diving sbort~ybefore flightc) Alcohold) moking

a) N , Q fly in g w i t h i n ~ , . 'hours iii',I, d~pth(l 0 re~~h . b een ~}(CC ded oth erw i, ~ ,th e ~im.itis m 2 hours.

'bJ:.1 0 flying wi thin 4 '8 hours ~f,8 depm of:1 0 ee~ 1 1 as been exceeded odlcfYl is le the limiti, 2 , , - :heurs.1[:' I 0 't1y~n,g w r u t i I m 12 hours ifIIdepth 01 _ ]Oeet. has been reached otbenMtlse: the limit

is 24 hours,d) .1',-0 ' f l y h lg 'w r u tb r u l l ,2 4 , h,OH),S il B depth of 3 ,0 feet has been exceeded, otherwise m e limit

is 1 ,2 'hou rs ~


9/95

~UM . IN PER FD R IM ,ANC .I " pilot '5 bee n s node :_~li ng and b a; s e C J '. ded dep h o S3 , feet. :,',.r flyim, ?

l . idal olume i:,8 he' olum " fair inha 1 d _ ith e ch DO nal br athb) 'The olume of air exhaled with e ch normal breathc) The - olum ' 'air' rea thed \v . e n dh iu!!,d) T l 1 U e volume 0 1 ' a i r : imlJb~ddand exha ed w ith .' ell normal breath

1 . The ~.l itude '[:t t pre. ~ O O ft] ,0 0 11.-4~' O .f t .. :1700 .

19 . ~n .~:[um n P r fc rmanee t :, - ~,.8 . I I "C ara oom

b D"", ,d

Carbon ,~ _ono ', ide po i 1 1 iu gPart ial ur in the I ' e loi

_0 . , :ypo , i Hyp ,True

I I


10/95

I ANI PEAFO ,RMANCE C - " X ' - Y ' - O " " ' E I ; .J I A , L 1 I D - R - ' E c P ' -I IR A " j - T I I O - : - : '' '~, I, i' , , ,Ill! ",I~" -:i ~II -:,' '" " Ii"

~ )1 Sea levelb} ,6 .)ODO- g, 000 fte ~I O J ) O O ft .d ~I Be'~,ow5J~00 ft,

~) Descend to MSL, ) 'D e' cend 'to ~O l l O O a ,ft.c)Lmd as soon as possibled) Descen d to below 10..000 ft.

IJb)c) B~oekaQe of 'the alveolid,} " ' , X Y B rI D loss

a) Sea levelL) '0 n o 0 . f - iI I J J . . . ',\1 l.' c) 40~O[]O ft.d) ~O~O[}Oft


11/95


12/95

, ) That th e airc ra nos r., pit hi -g, d I 'Ihi, feeling \l\ in b ~ -enforce b, an air', r i ' _ , u, if icial 1 1 0 _ izon

b) T~ Hi the ircraft ~s turning: thi feeling w il I b _ re-enforced by an air dri en rt i fieia 1hori ton

", hal th air ra .iscl im bing and turning; th is fee ling w ill be' re-en fo rc ed b y an , air driv I',artifici i orizon

d) 3.~ the aireral is pit ,l1wflgup: thi ' .eling will "horizon

'D ir driven

~ tn In jg' - ccndirionsb) In th _ ,_~jmbc In the d c ntd) In the eli 11b or the d l" c e nt

.ch p 11 : f th I ar S,- es linear accelerarii :n d ~, 1 0 , , _ , I ?, I , C ~ W , all,lon .a The 0:, icle" in rhe rni d l l i " e rb) The otolith in the middle at',) he 0 : icles ill th 'middle ad I Ihe 0 0 r u t h in the , , i- ircul cana

_) l~lQ'b ) T u rn i J]. h, ad [0 co er f 0111, di ' ' n , natioi, } Sense ofb ~anced I In , t rument I

,~ l 'h e ia x d rum and ' S iiclee ','mi-t ireular I anal' and 0' aliths

C']I The ' CD _h), a and - u tachian tube') The " c, ' 1 lea nd the. etu

4 - 14 Odom Aviat ion Senr;ices Limited


13/95

THE,N lE RVOIUI,S S,YSTEM" E AR . HEARl ...~GAND BALA-.-CE

a) 70 ~ ~5 ,"000 eye les 'Per secondD1 :8 0 - 2 01000 eye ~ Ies p er se co n dc) 500 - 1 5~OOOcy cles - er secondd) 20 - 20, ,000 cycles per second

13~ Decibels in cre ase ::~) L inearlyb) 1 " 1 1 . terms of a logarithmC ) 1 1 1 ' 1 term s of increm e ntsd) In terms of integrals

a ) 1 Damage to the coc hIff]b] Damage to the: ~m-6 [rcLdareanal . .c)lged) Sm,o] .dng

1 '-'~I.a) ("N'Sb) nnc) Sense Receptorsd A . . S

~,6,. The Vestibular .-,pparatus detect "'~.;;"'...U ....acceleration :acce lerat ion :a)b)c)d)

Lil1l~~t,AngularAnzulsr and linear. . . , _, U'. , . . .~

1 i.1 m )b)c)d)

E'IectricalChemicalBiologicalElectrical and cbem i c a~

@ Oxford AiI,!l~llonSaNlces Umtl,ed


14/95

H U - - - A N P 'ERFORM.ANCE

a) ( L O O ' I 'm / " ~b) 0..0] m ls ,lc) OJ ntls:!d) .~. o m/s 1

19 . I. a steady U - I D m is b ein g m ain ta r u l u ! d then Isudden movement (greater than abou t . .. .~ .'.''....~.....) i ~ .may cause a phenemena know n as the Coriolis E ffect :,~ , I 4 c 2 l secondb) . 5 [ ) a second.()I 3 e a se co nd .d) : D a second

a ) 1 The Oculogra r u e Effectb . T he 0 [ ;u lo lY ral ~uusi0]]]c 'l T he S om ato gra vic Ilfu sio nd ) Ocul a r D isorien tnrion

a) 'Trueb) False

2 : 2 . , T l1 e .PN S eompr i se s of :a) The sensory' [and motor nerve 5b) Senso ry and rea eti O l U U nervesc) Reaction and motor nervesd) Only re ae tio n n erv a s

2 ]" The A \ [" is I biological COJltTOl S)'Sb~IDl1which is neuro-hormonal and, ~wteother is not self-regulating in normal ci rcumstances,I, ) Trueb) False


15/95

HUMANPERFORMANC~

I.) The 'COm!e'8bl The hnlsc) The pupild) The retina

3) The reti nab) The ' foveal.c) The lensd) The CQrme,a

a) 5b) '[]~b)]6~c) 3d) 2 (! 103

a} It is a term used w hen th e eye, if iih~s nothing on which ' L I e D f o c iM J S wi ~J [lend to focus atnnfin/tj' .

b ) 1 1~ is [a term used when th e eye, if it has nothing om w hich to focus w i II te nd to focusoe'tw leen .' ' ~ IJ i16 me tres

e) U is a term used when th e eye, :if i t has nothing on w hich to focus will Lend [0 focusbetween :~0 to '].2 metres

d) U is a term used when [he eye, if it b as n oth Wn g on w hic h to fo e us w ill tend (0foetiSb~t~JlC~J1just under ~to : I . . ,5 metres

a . ) Presbyopiab t ) Astigmatismc ) 1 D istortion of th e ey eba 1 ]d) Distortion of the cornea


16/95

HUMAINI PE R.F ORMAIN C, ' THE , EVE, A lND i VUS IO~ '

a) Yesb) Yes " 1' ( cleared 1 1 0 do so lby a qualifi ed Avi ali.on Specialistc) Yes, if,c]eared to doc by th~" uthorityd) No

7 . Wmal part of the spectrum should sunglas es fil~er out ' 7a) rhe red and "", end of the spectrumb The' blue and UV end of the spectrumell AU h;,gb intensity lightd) uv only

a) Age, alcohol, altitude and smokingb ) 1 AJge .3 ~ti tude In ~trum.lenm 'Iighrs and smek ingc) Instrument lights. aJ"~l(a)l~tdaltitude and smokhrgd I A ge" aJeohol, ltdtitude an d jn strumen t li g hts

9 . Corru~:sde tec t . ,. ." . ~...'..,..'...'....'..,and are mostly concentrated o n ...,...."." '~,,.,., '..,..a ,)b)c)d)

Black and v' ltiteColour 'Black and whiteColour

foveafovearetinaentry point

~ ) P U J ~ the visors downb) Turn th e C l o c k p , i t ~~gh,ts dOMlc) Turn the eockpi t 'Ughts to fulld) PlIl.W ton sungla s ses ~fav a itable

a} 0 . 1 1 the irisb) On. the fovea.I~ . 0 n . the edg e o:~ :th e lensd) r the entrance to the I O l p t ic nerve

5 l'4J a ',J.,


17/95

' - _ I H I I E ~YIE A N I D VISION

a) Rodsa) C onesb) R ods and conesc) Fovea

a)b)c ' J Id )

'Yes. . . . ..USomet im e sU dep ends on the hen lth of [be' individua

a) Comeab) Retina,c) lrisd) Fe ea

a) e n ia ry musclesb) F ri.c Lensd CCornea

U5,. The maximum number I O . '~ 'rods a re found . . ,. ". ., ." ,..,..m n , from the fo vea ':a . ) m o o'b) 20c) ~5Qd) 30 10,

a)b)c)d J

30 1 1 1 1 inures7 minutes.~ .5 m~nutes2 S minutes

7 minute s9,0 ' minutes,J! ' _ ' IL_ _._~-~2.0 minutes4Smmutes

5...., ' , ' - 5 - - - : '"


18/95

HUIMAN P 'ER f'DRMA INCE , 'THE E VE A ND 'VnSION]8., Stereops ru is js associated with :

i r u . ) . . . . . 19b t fl y tugb) Depth perceptienc) Acui tyd ) C o lour b lindness

19. Hypermetropia is caused 'by a H ,." ' ' ~.eylebanand is corrected by ,I.~.,,....,...,.~.J_'DS ::a)b)c)a l )

ElongatedShortenedSbnrtenedElongated

ConvexConcaveConvexConcave

a) Retina b . ' Foveac) Irisd J r Cornea

a) An in crease in he pressure of t h e '~Y~b) . A . decrease in [be pressure 0f the eyec) A defect of th e CO'nU!'8d} A defect ofthe retina

a) Retinab ) Tear ductsc) Irisd ) 1 "Lens

3) Yes'b) N o


19/95

P_Y1 ING AN~'I HEAl 'TH

l. .j 22b) 2 4.) rt i l '0

c)" )- '

,2 ,Iff.,,S7'1~5 kg,'"S kgs7 '9 . ~ k

"0, ula 'fu ,en_ 11 pilo t be considered 0 em eigh 7a} hen they 'cor, over 3 0 for m ale and 2 9 for f malesb)1 ' , hen they core o ve r ....., f F mal . 5 a 2 2 r -, 8 'c \ '. 'en th ' Y . . ore 30 for m ales . nd 2 9 for fi, maled) \ hen th ~Y" '0 e 0 er ~ or 11l_Je ' an 2 for femal

Whe n they cor. ' over :rI, Fo r r na le and 2' f r r e o al'hen, t h e ', '. , cor. o \'er II I.-0; males and 2 ,I If fem ah .

en , they 11 or~ , .'ar' I fo r mal ". and -. 'or' UI~le-:1d) W ffi:u::n th '_y '~I. ore over 3 :2 for m ale s and ~' 0r femal " '

W hat ~ " tll we k f. [, vII' f alcohol consumption 'till' r willcause ph . ical dam .'0 ?a)b)

cnsum in 22 U rits for m en and ~ l uni for " 'A " . en. cnsuming 2 1 . uni IS for men and ,5 units fo r w men. I ns I InW ' _ . unit for m e and .~ 4W lL ',or Vl enCcnsuming I _ units for me and ru 4 unit for v omen

,I '

" n- _ F = , ~ ' . . b n the e '.'or '.tr "i aI l if e'


20/95

H U M A \ PERFORMANCE FILY~NGA I N I I D HEAl.T 'H

a) A .p lp (fOXW mfJ/[e~yl.S' units an hourb) "ppFoxIDma~ely 2 units an hourc) Ap proximate ly 2; . 5 " units an homd) Approximate ly l unit an hour

a) 6 hours btw t it depends upon the am ount of a~,co_b{dl [ b a : m has been consumedb) 2 4 hoU J I'Sbut it depends UpOr[1 th e a mo un t of a lcohol ~bfdhas b ee n c on sum edc) 12 h.OUfS 'btu i t . depend upDn 'lE e am ount of alcohol ~1h,aUh a '.'been C-0115unn,~dd, ;'. hour ....but it depends 'upon the IrDOU nt of I ~ICoha i thal has been cut] surned

a} Typhoidb) M ala ria ,c) Yellow F ev erd) Infmenza

a) Regula r and raise the pul s e by ] 0 0 0 / 4 1 fo r at [e ast .2 0 m in utes . 2 t im es ,3 weekb) RI'~s e th e p ulse by 1O O o / ~ 1fo r at leM ~ .2 0 r n in l u e s , 3 1 times a 'wl~e1ltc) :R.aisethe pl l~l lse'by lOO~th'for atl,~as~'0 m inu tes ] rimes a weekd) Rgu'l ar and r l , r u Seethe pulse by J OOo /cfo r. a t le e _ s , t , 2 ( 1 1 minutes . 3 t imes 3 , week

R ) '., ,~oekage m th e: ~u s taeh i an tu b e w hich is mast Iikel y to occur ifJ J '[he descentb) B lockage r u t ] th e Eustachian tube which is m ost. like ly ~o occur in th e l i . n I i l i bc) Blockage ill I!he ' Eustachian tube L~U1d ,a round th e c ardrurn wh ich i, c' mos t ~n


21/95

MAN PE,RFO IRMANCE] ,. The "_rtru1l1a.L1body CBlrn to le ra te I 1t1axim um of short dura ri on g , force ..~ ~~ i0 tt~e ',.~ , ~ .& 1 : . U s

a) 2 5 'G vlenica,]b) 4 : 5 1 verticale) 2) IG fere/aftd) ~3 ore/aft

a) ~;eart A ttaekb : Influenzac) The common coldd) GIa.&hrO-enteri~i

5. If :a l pass enger of' a be.~icopter is feeling unwel~ due to the rotat r u . o n 0f the rotors caus ~ n . m astro bo sco pi c effect, w h at :i s th e b e st c ou rs e of ae tion ?a) Move the passe nger away from th e wi l1do\wb) Gi v e 'lb p assenger ,~) 'xygn IS S D in , 8 . > :po siblc : ' Land and soon a '. p ossib le ,a nd se ek med ica l a ss is tanced .".0 a c r io n is , ne ce ss ary as the effect i"not dangerous

a) Galactic and Sun Spotsb G~.~.~u;~]Cand Solarc) High fre queney and L ow F req uencyd) So lar F ~,aresand Galactic

7. If having tried ,a~Jnot.md methods. the ear eannet be cleared in flight, the following action~d~o~Jd be ' tak en ~,(1. Ignore and i[will go aX\fl,y'b) Descend to .I . Q " 00 0 ftc) S ' " " c i t rn ed i c a,~ advi c e ~'S S,OOIl 1:Spossi b Ied) Desc end as. qw c kJy as p ass ib le '[0minimi se p ainT o rem ov e n aercu ry sp illag e ... ..."~i.;;i ..~.'.i .'i;; must not be used. :

I) W~terb) 'W h ilt . spiritsc) Acidd) Compressed air


22/95

Flt .:Y1NG A J _ D I . ~ALT9. h 'D . t ~-ethod for 1 0 in g weigh " :

a) he IIe o a, petite Iwppr s an .'b Plen of'exercisIe) '. rash diet'd E at. I, s

20~ H -p o Iy - mia e lb c u ed by :a)b

- o t eatin g regul ar l y or fa . 't . ' l 1 gTI' o much SM - ar in the bl '0' I. - I . ~ -

d. ,ce

tr~~

2 : ] . . , race E l e me ats sh ou l d b . I ob ta i n ed from th ~a) H~J h and balanc d i any diet

. e f' up- lem ent . - ' , i l lH~.hfib . ai' t

d I Hi rh rbre and very ~O\. 'at diet

a) 3m" utesb 60 minutes. 0 minut s

__0 r nmu te -.2 ' ~ A lco -o l Is 'rem : 1 d' 'Om the b y at the te of , ' .milligrams per un ' ~. ililitt,es, 1- ~r

hO IU J' :

l O ~Oh I ]0 10'c) :1 0 1 . : 2 0d) ~5 l O a

1 4 ~ e anent _mage to the body of a man , ,ay occur if th e con 'uflliEpfof alcoh ] level is,u.~ ",.~",.unit" d ily and .,.~.,..,._....,......uni ' J d ,_ . - .

b'01 m~2

] ; 1 .

, a . I

6 3" 2 " , 1- '"_ . .


23/95

HUMlA'N PER,FORNtA1NCE2 S~ A pilo t's perform ance can be affected by ,m iil;'blk[~of caffeine above m g and shou ld L im it

him/herself to ,a t da~lyin take o f app rox ima t ely ,. ." '.'. ,, ,." . ; ; . " '.... Jll,ga .) ' ]00 1 0 0 =. S O Ob) m e n : U 1 0 - 9 00c) .200 250 - 300d) ,0 0 2 00 ~ 600


24/95

H U M A N PERF 'ORMANICE, STRES:S

1 ,. H aving successfully overcom e a " stressful situation O"C '~ - ~ow wfU the p erso n re ac t if placed i11the sam or similar s~m a r i o n 9 s e c O J i id t ime' ?a) T here w i~ ~be ~~t~h?dwfference'b) H e/she' w ill b~OiWwhat ~ , ah ead and, 'b e ,aJready in ,~stressful condition. thus stress w ill,mcreasee ) He/she '\vi1'I feel m ore conn dent and the refore stress \\? i'1 1reduce'd) It w ill d ep en d ( l t U j ] th e : i n d i v i d u a l

a ) It is imp rovedb ) 1 There r u s ]i~~I,edifferencec}t It is degradedd } I It Wil l depend O~ the individual

a) To control the emetional f\espo~se under stressful conditionsb) To CIO~ ITo.] the effects of adren a Ii[Ic) T!()I return th e body aftet the ~ ,fight or flee" syndromed) TOI prepare the body to ~ ~ ' n . g _ h ior flight"

a) To 'prolong the bodies mobilisation and return th e body til) normal after the "fight OF~il lghf~syndrome,

'b) To prepare the b o d y to .,.f 1 . g ' h ~lo r flee"c) To direct the adrenalin tO I th e c orr-e ct o rg an s ofthe bodyd J I o rerum the body to norrnal after an ernetional response under srressful conditions

'a,' T Ile brain p lu s th ere will be .9 , headache 'b) The tche~t pRus there wil l be an abdominal pai nc) The respiration plus pains in m e chestd) The pulse rate


25/95

1,1 A U ,s,haped. g r , a : p hb) An invetted U ~~aped graph

A t, 4 ; C ' o ~ ; 'c) ~straight -jlmed) An M . ,~h,8Jped , g r , l l , p t1

I) Alarm Ffar. Resistanceb] ,A Jarm, Res istanee, Exhaust io nc) A lW1l1 !I Fear , Exhaustiond) Fear , Res tstanee, Exhaustion

a) H om ' work inter 3 J ; : : eb) Divoreec) Death I O f - a family memberd I Death or a spou, e- partner or eh i~d

9 '" , Dru.r~ngth e Resis lan.,ce phase of the (iAS Syndrome .'..... ,..,..~...,..is released Ito assist th e 'b od y toconvert fats 1 ,0 , - ,ugar,

a1, drenalineb) ._l.~CO'i~c) ',',bite' blood censd) -.'ortisol

, 3 . - S o m l 3 1 [ ic , Psychosomatic, Pbysiolo,~i.ca ~b) Physic log i ~aJ'~~ P sy c ho s oma n ti e, Psychol ogi .c~dc Somatic, Physiological Psychologica ld) S omatic ~Psychosoma t"~IC~ Psyehologi c~d

I), on -cumulativeb) Cum ul a 'l ivieC I Stress reactionsdl :\llr-e'SS co-actions


26/95

:STRESSl: '. ,A comfortable ~_mp rature fo mo t 'pe-,,ple in l U ] 1 ml clethinai ~

- I 2S~C-b I 1 C,' 0c) _-o-cd) 30 0-

[l The .utonornic I ervous system eomprise of':a 1_, ympathetie -', "p ' - ',~ ic an ' P ra ',' _ iathe ic -y ternsb ) Sy rnpathetic ,ad P ' r c a -ymparhetic systemsC " : '_ - Y L n p , t h " t i c an d Para '- ', m thene s ,y tnl) N one of the a ov

, ) Action co in g Of! 0 " ,,:ympl' nn ,-,~.eet, d opib .eti 11 ~opi '0. C ogn itiv " "pin - Symptom Dire' ted C ,prungoj ,--~]Pcoping . , ognitivi " oping, "-' rn pto rn D ire ct d copingd 'I " ~" 1ip" p ing : ' , I _ t i n. dng, Y1l1]l 't , m Di fete" I copi ~I

, 5 ,. AmOJ g 11 1 f i e m ~ j .T gui clines t a, oid stre s in the ,0, kpit and a fecting fety aa) anne d s,~,eeppattern d u -C al l ere res o U T e a sb ' ':1 ann' :J' p, Item, d K __ep It Si"mplec) - ,-- e 3 1 1 ere ~ ' res urce ~nd keep a good fl~g b l [ deck atmosphe red " ,e, er give up - there S alw Iy s a suin ble respoo e

- J'b'I,' Icd)

_X ] eri nee and s .~lf-control (Few r un : ! (pe - t, d s itu a tionLe rnu 'g'~ex e rie nc e -nd Antici 'arnonl nd.~an]]il1~ [ xperi nee and CR _'

17. On '_ the b 0 I.' temp, rature rises I"b C)V ~ , . ,.+. n.~... u." th . I om ostatic m chanisn . within t~,ebod' can no '!o m,ger cope ,a) 40Cb ' ,"'0,c) 50Cd J 1 G',


27/95

a ~I A lack C L " ti 1 1 1 .b Hom tatisSym .ather ~c stenlP i f'. "ympat -_. tic '. . tern,

l" lnnorta,b le hum id ity i or m o pe pte i1 1 ]10mal clo th in g is, :a) Io/~- 5 1 nb) I ,.=, r~ o

201 0 /0 - 5 iO /Q. 00 ~ 04 1

.8 T h . . . pilo t () r -] - . .'S- - -ue to stres .b Th ' po in t in 'tim . _ hen he. -H ~l - i . un ble 0 d ti.n " po . : i t w el_) Tht p oi nt in t~ru e \\ ' h e . n the pil .. ~.Wl. b 1e t 'h:in fa ' ionall yd he 'I'. 10t of cptimu P ..orrnanc

7 -,26 0- 0 1 Aviation Services Umlted


28/95

NF'OR ATIDN PI O[CESSI-GI~ HU __A'N]ERRD~'- TH - -=:ARINr-l- P~DCESB

1. ber a - .sua] and auditory tirnuli ini: ~ally . tored?al hr yale' stored in the short te r L ' working meme " for a p ~ ,n L ' , ' . ' ft meb The' -are stored "'II th .hurt i erm m e mary ':or a.' hon ti ec) h. ,y R ~,L'Oi(' in the Echoic nd lc nic 'm e " D ryd) h yare sto re d in th Sen antic n E isodie m e m Iry

2 . How lo n g w " 1 1 the ~COi'ic m mory ~ 'O Ji ~ inform trnon .a,) ~ - .econdsb) 2 ~ - secondI e . 0.5 ,~J '. econdd) 7 seconds _ .'econd m .'Lmum

3 . the Echoic m.mory store info' . ation .a) ,". - '. : .eond .I ) U J . . 1 . m l i m n r u J I tc . ~0 - _0 secon -sd . orm Uy up to 15 nrl~nt,

4 ., men ory memory I tore there I~' a s 'P ' at ito f l C ' . ~ ,'If' each "CD""[ 1 ) 1 meb) False

a) The ab ~ity to divide atten tio n -,~ben s, rrouaded 'by many di -rent stimulib) Th 'a'birty Q hear, [0,- e ample, YOI[H' 10' , nam 0 C l 19D whils COlli "e.n~ral[ ingonscmeth ~ n ' - ,l '.e,

c The abi'mty t ide attention when surreunded by a number of stn s rsI ) The' Ib~Ii ' to di ide 11ent '[0n when surround cd by ]]1 ". .


29/95

- - - U M ~- IAN- ' P ' E ' R ' fO '~ R M A ' N ' PII!'. . ,,_ ~ " , '- " ,J . . . . .: . - . ' , ,_ , ' . _._~_I I N l f ' I O , R M I A ' T 1 I ,O I - , PROC ,ESS ING" HUM,A, I E I R R , O , R ,& THE lE A R N l l l lN G P R IQ C 'E ,S :S ,6. On ' \ -V hat i, o u r m e nta l model of 'the WOI~dbased l'

a) 0 u r 'p e rcep tio n of ' r u : i r : r u e environment surrounding usb) OUf e xp erie nc es a nd . o ur sensitlvitiesc) OUf experiences and learningd , 'E ach of us are dil:rer-eml~and each model s ' the wor ld i nd iv idua ll y

I, ) To on~lyseek h lf io rm( ;1 jt lo " which supports i t (Confirmation B , i a c S )b) O ther chies outside do mot t i l e ' up , (Envi ronmental Bias)c) We need cc nfinn atio n : . Q rn lfinl'la do n,Bies)d) _ e are easily . way ed , by outside influenees ' ,Envin:u:un,e'mltal Bias)

a) 8 2 .b) 9 1 2c) 7 2d) 6 2

a) Skilled based behavicur n~] i teasily explained 'Laadler.' peopleb) SkJUed,b as ed b eh av io u r not r eq uir in g c on sc io us th ou g h'lc ) Sk~U ed based bebaviour S'lOiW]Y learnedd) Sk~lJ,edbased 'beha,viollf q ' I J w c ' k l y learned

,a ) , fr e :r lo n M 8 J n c e ' j8 ,'"nereased at high levels of a T ' O u ~ a ~'0 ) P erfo rm an ce is ru nereased 'by boll" ~,OJw and high arousal level se) Pe rfo rm a nc e j s degraded by beth ~IOWand high arousal levelsd) Performance is ~ncr 'e as ed a t 10\'. ' leve IS of arousal

IEexperiencebin, is tile m em ory of even ts w h~ clt a re 'h eld m ' the short-term m em ory and ] l s , influenced by

~exper t e a cec) ]t' is the memory of events '~?bleh are held in t he 1ong- te 'ml , m em ory and is m n uenced 'by

~mean i ngd) U ' r n ~ thememery 0' events 'wbi'cb are held in the sheet-term memory and is inf luenced by. 'meamng


30/95

a) 'I't is the meaning of 'words and blsts shorter than episodic m em ory and is less accurateb) 1-'is the memory of'events \ W f h w c h are 'beld i n the short-term r.nem ,o~ am id i . influenced by.e xp en e [leec) h i th e meaning af' ords ~Ildlasts ~-i.1ingerthan episodic memory as w ell as being n10r~

a ce u ra te ..d J lt is the memory 0f events whic .are be'id in the short-term memory and ~s infl uenc ~d b "! i.meafuflJ:;

I. ) Lon g te rm memoryb) .. orting memoryc) Sb on term memoryd) Me to r ptogr~n~[n;ti- ,

Because the number '0' . st imuli ~round IJs a JU ! ton m anyBecause the st imuli arou nd us all hap pen at th e same tim e andmechani sm of some k in d ~Ie) Because 'the capaci t t y of th e short term memory and the rate of informatlon processingare limited

ab) ne ed 1 m filter

d. Because the b rain n ee ds. to p rio rit i - s e.1 ,5 . W bat is qll~IDitalive overload ?

, 8 ) 'Wlwe~ there are to o n la llY r es pons es [0be made: in the time available'b) Whe n the amount oftrrfonl1aforn1J is perceived h) be beyond the a tte nt io n al c la pa ci ,~ and

the lask is too c r " iculte) When too many responses arerequiredd) W ~~]l res pen ~'S get tran sposed due '~Ooverload of w ork

a) Cogn irive and [~tttiU\fb) ~l1.turut~.veand Behaviouralc IJivided and Intuitived) I : : . ~~~~tive I~[[Id . Di vided


31/95


32/95

I. WIJUl t beh av iou r is, see to c arry I~U,8 fi e drill ?a I idll-basedb) 'R ule -b . s dc Knowleege-ba edd) A combination ofRule-based and KIlo, ledg -'b, sed

_ .Iii _0 'ho '_ \ ith 1i~U,'" r no expe ri eneeb III,those who '_'[',_in " e learning pro _ e " , 'c) In th se ""0 " hi re on .y part-I arned a pro I edu sy ,~.emdIn thos w i'tb, tX perienee

a I f hort t e , n , l" , n g term memoryb' ,',han, ',rID, nd I con ic m_mo,ryc) ,_eng te _-- md :'i:dic memoryd I " hort term, ~ ' o n , ~ _tenn a nd = _,p isow c menu) ,

4.a ,,-emorise :' proc dures a,' carefully a ossiblb) - demorise im ' ediate actions and ubsequent J c t io W l ,c) Memori e immedian actions ,andler' t ' cheek list fi"f ubse u nt actionsd Rel y n the ch'_c J (8 t ;or 1 8 1 1 procedure "

owledg ba e. beha ioar enable pe i~d_to :, a ) 1 Deal m o o ; bly n o q u w l c t l y w ' O , proced I ' "b D sal with , r u t u a ' t i , o . S Invo 'mg 0 -er people and e p. c,ialiy with ' t i l c_' nigh' and cabin

cr \VSc) " D ' : J w ilm '[ ,wn itua -t(l(IJ 'd) Dea] ",',r u t u r n . f 1 m i l ~a ' o n d Dovel m,mahons

..

ablc)d)

'fieir prey OUS expers moe["~ tuation a " " 'ene' ,s ,Their slit e ' f~, alth


33/95

en lu ctanee ' , 'I 0 e - ' . y fr n a th ory mce formed j, ,pit of evid, ce 0 the _ontrary isall, :a) Mind)

. onfirm tiond, ..

: ) The' In ess th at en ures ' li e pil It rm int I~n an accursn m odel 0 ' h is/ e r eu viro nm en tb) he arccess t iat nsure the pilotmai tain an a curate mod II f'the situ arlo nw i Inthe

cockpit,c The: p r t cess that ~ un s the pi l o r t m. w ' n t _ i n an accnrat m o d e l I O f the situ t ' ' r o n ' utsid

[ID 1~cock p itThe ,pr " e ' th Hit e sures t h e pi l o u m ai tain a n accuran 'ode] , I ',uh~ ,il l J a t r n 011 D , It 'I ,andfoun_ the lane ing P im

I " Tru 'Fal e . .ru, UI" , I~n.CITeu:False in

} I' R ' e th ,0 fa e cfyo '_ rr d "tion and. a ' h rn (- 'ou zhb) Co firm i~\ i~h your CO~pHOl or ro o t ' enior member 0 ' 'e e revc) E nsure A ,T are in ~be 'p ic tu re f rom th e very: tartd,) "1 'p 0, casionally t take tock

a)b~ ~ ,K .R'.~,..s'I ',.IIlVI,R-l l,~ I ,

a ' e . a " ~ ' p.a ' , e " 'b I nter-person .. diffe '. eesc Hopes wishes and d .i _ e s'l Poor instrument layout,

9- 4 @ O K m r n Aviation:S rvices U tted


34/95

1 1 1 3 , E H A 'V ii O " I U D, A ' . D 1 0 : - 1 '~.JI'.D, . II.....:...In, ," I. I.VI.'.W ' ~] : 3 . W e .are driven by , ~., .needs and ..~.ii.'.~.. ;,. ~..,..,.~".l1eed.s,

a.bc)d)

SocialPhysicalPhysiol QgicalPhysiologies i

basicbasicsocialbasic

I ~ . The , eeoad low e st tier of Mas low' s p yram id err need sis ,:3 ) Phy s io]og i e al needsb) S afety a nd s ee urity needsc] Belonging and a ffe ction needd) Sel' -estee IIIneeds

~ . 5 . Job sati sfaction is mea surable,a) Trueb) False

]6. The two main tools in improving job sati :act~on Me :a)b)_ )d)

Job enri ehmen t. Job enr icbmen tFinanc~:~~com ide ra tiousI o od m a na gem en t

job enlargementf i: n a r u : : ; iZ I J [c o n s id _ ratio n .good :i ndus rial re 1ations!! O od in du stria l re 1a tio ns-

L1 . Job enlarg em ent can be split into ~'a 1 Vertical slantb) , Slant horizontale l l Slant verticald) Vertical herizontal

a) ]ncreased awa renes sb) Decreased awarenessc) Increased s i r u a t r u o :1'a1awarenessd) Dec re ase d sitnat ional awareness


35/95

u~ A' PER,FORM:'_NeEI" Act] 011 ' J ip Is an error of :'

a) ':'"i~~ed~basedJbehaviourb)' ,1\\'),dge-bss d ! behmp~ /our.) R u t ...basec b hav" uur

d l ) , - one I ,, f the abov ~2 ' . Th ' t n d en e y to call to mind It '.''Ion . xperien e> or',' ',_n ari ' I from tb.c pas [and ]ik tb " m

ncorre i I : J to a perceive mental model jl ~cane-I) : 'oa irm non biasb) etion ..lipc nv ir onmemal aptu[[ .d ._I equency L i,as


36/95

A _ . e rE COG '. IT ~ON I N - 'VIAT~O---

a) It i lik ely '- be too hlghb I t is ikely I b 'I , , \ ; \ 1 'c) -likely t b too fastd, It is li eh to be t -slov

. es U - - l _ srd h w does thi effect th ' pilot" a -p~a h ?a ) ' 1 t i h i _ _h- -b) It is - I.\ ; 9 , , -C fastd) U . 1 likely to be to . 1 0 }'l.~

a ~ ring t1 . 0 'la te a n darn g in , the a ire raftb . h irin g 'lo a oon : nd .-au. ing a ne vy L ndingel' A ppr .. 'ell s . ed much . to o hl.,:hd) API ro ac h sp ee d h~:'1 r th an uua]W ha approach c on dii io ns cau- e 'b tack h. I J e , ~ c8 Landing at n~gh~i 1-e~ or bea _ rainb) Landing at night with a partially li t runwayc) am , jng a night w ith the cockpit ins' Il1 nts turned up' too hiehd) Landing at night y.hen there a -. n ~~ghf."0.11 th appr '3 h, ow do _s ~he "black hole effect" , O ] L r l ne piI. t 'Ijudgernent _ the approa . h . ?a} '.- ve r-tes tim~.t10n ow heightb) Und er-estimation of heightc) T' n . . -;t o make the approach much too. atd)1 T e nds to m ake the appraac h fa ter th a n normal, _hat are [he main iis us cues fo r rounding-out 'la . R . . r Und-nut hei g ht and peedb) onfirmation of Deci 'io 1H ight a nd c l osin g speed0) , losing speed and height checkd Relati ve .pe d and texture

e a )(furd Avlat io .n , SflNices Umrled


37/95

HUMI, IN IPERFOIR -ANC:,- - - -7 .

a . Under-e tim tin r n 1; nge du _ tc iu in _ry effe -t thr: ,gh cockp t glassb ' , nder- _tim tin -,range due to he .~m,~bt,appearing dim,) '-nder-e t~nllat~ngr nge due ''0 illu. io na ry e ffe ct th ro ug h c ock pit glassd _ 0 ' e r- ~ 't. a1~ng rw g du - to --he 1ig ilts a pp ea r in g dfun

a) , e I end ~ wh 0, . r' I - Y _a', or ly m'rght" )1 They v jl~- Ilide. ) ~ ]_r will b ,B near m i 'd _ t i_quit -aft and e' ' i U p I 'B - _ 1 1 clear of each other

0 ford A 'l lia t1on Serv ices L im

a} Th, re w ill _',-'no relati e m ,- 1 me and i__ i J l ap ea 0 be V' ,man until e .ondb ,or me collision

b T ere w in be' DO r ~ ] ti . m vemeru ,m e it ~iIl appe , to - very '1~!1a.l~unt il 's '- con lLe t ' i r th aircraft ~ : - c lose 1_ ,

- ) "here \ 1 \ ' " 1 1 b _.n o rela iv e m ov em ea ia n i'wwUa p p e a r JJ b " . ery un II u . t 1 f w l is - - _- t B 1 l l-.- fo r ' th e airen f t , pa ' ,es ab

d] There v ill be no relativ ' movement and it .\ ill appear to be verv mall ntil econb f re the ._ircraft pas " , v e J J _ . r

m 0., Wha~ m ~ th 'd J ration or a accade and re s m pedol ' ?a) 0.3 ' : 1 endsb ' - 0 5 ' e O J ',c) I, ,. I 1 secondsd, ~ cond

,8~ , 'w..ep fr 11sidt '0 side \ ith the eye, co ering th e WbQ~lefield If \f, ion'b)-Ieurch th '1 Y porti .n by ponicn su rting 0]] tb, left) P inpoint ~10 . segme n '- 0 he : 'y and[conf i rm be For ' p as wn~onto another

d J ) , s a sncces ion of m__U and rs p i d

,a): teep 'rb ) L :_ er) asted S ~ O er


38/95

a) Trueb) F alseThe b lo om in g e ffe ct of ram makes ::~.) The' rurrway a_ppear closerb ) 1 The runw ay appear further ~wa.yc Do es not effect 'ruD\i\lfay percepti O]}d) The instruments difficult to read

.8 ) The law s of Perceptionb) The l aws of Perceptnal Illusionsc The 1 8 \ 1 I I / S ofPerceptual Recept io nd The Jaw s, of Pereeptual Organisar ion

a) 5 ' D]b] 1 0 Cc. ) 15 0d.) 2 00

a) Trueb) False

o i l Wa i t u ntil th e a ;~ rc r,a ft~appears ' b 1 1 gfOW' larg er befo re tak in g avo idin g actio nb ) Take avoiding acHom iI y 1 0 u donot have right of ' w a yc) Take immediate avoiding a c ' t r u o r r ud) Wa i t ~Q' seconds 'to ' r e i d , e ;m ' f r i t - r y and then take avoiding action

a) The Sem atog y ral .~n usionb)i The' Somategrax ic I ll us i onC . Motion Sickness......~) A.~... .~[". ....Y .t"Uj S,~esnes s

1 0 .' E " ) 3 :"." f..


39/95

I f an iII u ,j011 W knov I to b e po 1 ble ~t a. I 'hould:

I , ri g a ~Imigh t 'irlghten the ere -eE ure you brief the crR I . p .J 1 : the fa , t to r peration . ,':0 ~ha t other c . . , ' . \ S rRpOI1 the fa ,t "0 ' . ur "p , tor ' t h _ t other ere

ib)c)d) trl1'\,v.are :f th dange ran til 11a : ,'0 f h e d an g er'


40/95

,PTlER 11 ,..

24 hours- 'b ,I 4, hourc) 2 ,$ hour I.) _ hon

F : n i'the '..ireadian _. ]e f temperature at it lowest?a) labout I. 500 hrs) . t .bout I(] hrs

.t h.: . 1 03 1 1 rVari ..s from d B , 10 day

,) h me u a l . ~nd phy leal exe rei:,. t en ri 'T L ..1 'pb The num er , f t J 1_ - awake pri r I_ Ie pI ) Timing i.e , \l 'hen th bo 'Y tempera 1 1 : r e is fall in sd) The' qua~1~1'0 th e M sleep\ 1af: is I n 1 , - ximum numl er of "sleep credit" iha can be accumuh ted nd \ hat i I eminimum time to ' umul It.th m .'a) . erred~ ts and ~L wi 1 1 tak ~l:!1 1 oursb credits a d i~will ake t I h ir, ) 1 . credi .and 1~w i lila e 12 hours,) 6 !L dir md it \ ' il l take hi ursWb S ertbodo .:dow wave _].ep) I ceu r and \I' h~[ doe: it re to re ;: -)b

"

d)

t C ' , e r~' in th 8 e. p t el e - . l ge ]~ ~ , 1 1 1 " ' earr in t h e sl. p c cl _ s g It occur' at1y in the sl _cp c y cl .... uages ]It occurs iate in d~esleep cy cle - st , es 3 ,

4 ' nd i r 'C. to "s m e b dy.. nd 1 . 1 fi._ . ro . 't he b ra in_ and it re teres lhe body

. _ a nd ~tre tore th e brain


41/95

,EI.) The sleeper goes into a " s leep deficit" and ~ i n 'need 11l0fl2 " l,~ep,'b ' The sleeper gees into I,"sleep detic~f~iand will need twice the amount ofsleep 'Io,s~u

eate I~IIpc) They will "rebound O;'~ so' rhatthe CWI . i eD~ sleep pattern will make u:p 'mos c' " ,tage S ' '~os~in' the' pre ions s pell o f sleepd) The s~Ieepergoes 'i ato a ts leep def ci t~'~wh ich is carried forward

3 , ) 1 J ~tlge phis 'REM'b) 4 stages plus ", -Mc) 3 stages including ,R 'M'd) , - 4 s ta ge s in clu d i ' f l g ' RE'M'

, . H ow ~ ong 'is a sleep cycle?a) '90 minutesoj ~20 minutesc) 1 6 0 minutesd) 30 minutes

a} i ' tl e acti v ityb) A lot of lothl~tyc IIrt,emnttent act ~;vi'tyd) No activity

a) To refresh the body afte r exerci eb) To refresh th e body amidbrain ollcl\'ving lPbysica'~ and menta l ac~ivi'lye TI(JIass ist " 1 J the o rg an i ,,'ation , O , ! flflen.10ry and 'he]p ing '~Oc o -o rd i n ate and assimilate n,~~ 'hrfbnn3!. t~ i (nl ' Iearnedd) To exercise tbe brain so it is prepared fCF' th e next day

11,. As a gener al rule i ' ,0 pi l o t is rostered for a flight which returns wi d lin 24 hours, sho uld h e ,adj lW S lhi slher sleep pattern ?a) Yes:,b] Yes, -,as soon ;ISpossiblec) Yes ~,over the next :" heu ,',d) ",0 - "~ay on I' ".,'K. t ime


42/95

,Sl 'EP 'ND F', T[-IUIE-- -- - - --~_~ .,', a , en. ral rule, ~f ,Hot i 0 '-,r~d or a. ~ t ~whi hha ~,- h ur or 'Ill , 'r in a count ' v h e ] i : _

here i~tilllf 2 . 'Dedi ferenee , b m ld he '_ ,D lllShis/her sl, ,p,~[.. -m ?, ) " , .' and, " and arr _ng~ : w t ' , . tb t the . I. P pattern alk \i\' ,h "

up" callb '..e -I d. - and arrange H so . at - e s [ ._ P tt. m ]IoV ' on I 0 h

up" callc) _'.:0, - stay 011 UK t~me

n o t e e ssary t- nt Ir, - r ,~I. . b L o m13 . . 0\11 II ng d esit tak f ;rtbecircdian rb y mt e- ,yncllf. , is e t, 1 0 . ' _ . _ tim ft rem

one,?A -PfU i' 'le[" : 2 days , ~ :r I to ~I h mr of tii , en n nge

b., prox imatel ] day pe r 1 to 'hours. 0' '(me change:,.) Appro imate II '. . 'Y s P 1 to ~V 2 hou " tune ' hanged Approxim arely l ~ ' Y _ er 1 t 1 ~ b o 1 J 1 " S If tim change

I ', . Does irn a t,is to th - est?

b

Y e o d to th fre running I fth c rcadian rhy thn tnd to a ~u~f rnor ,'bound, f ightsY -.: d u _ .0 the free run mg of'the ire' dia rh [hm 1. . ,bound f 1 i .hts

c, _ , im m .e no di' efene.' st 101 ast have th ' am,, I . - '. running t th e I ir adiai rhy thm tene ~to '~llS-, m , In ly 'to W es t

bound fl i , g b t s ,15 . t . ces drinking alcohol before sleep have to ' t i l Jeepl p ttern ?

a . aU aU10M~ .'.ne ee r or a . -II whi ky) is 0' be . '~Orelax th . b d prior 0 leeprid tbu . nhances the sleep patternIt I: ngth nl ep and 'J ie 1 n t i n - f s ,e . 'IIt 11 ' - e n REM sl ep and th- length of sleepIt h ' nots i,g nificau'l . ' " c t on the ,~Ie,p patt m it elf'bm does effect 0 her sy stem s of theb dy .d ersel

1 ';, hen suffering from L : . P l d pri tio - w iU p rf rm a tee t f' th r dec . o d h : ' :Jtf 1 de .a) N I 'bYc) ..ometimed) I . nder certain circumstances

-1 21 O;dbrr'd A v i a L f o l 1 1 SeNesaUrn d


43/95

a) True ']b ) False

] 8., The ~V~lOforms of fati 81 1e are ~a] Mlenta l and :pRysicaJ'b) Short-term and chromec) M'~~,~aJ '~ ,and bodyd) Psychological and physiological

'l i gl~ Insomnia i:divided into:, I ) . Psy ,c ' h o , I I Q ' , g l cal and p . h : y o S r u o l . o giea 1b) M enta.'! and physicalc) Clinical and, situationald) Clinical and physiological

20. emm yOl-~: 1 y suffering from narcolepsy ?n)U nder the strict. s 1U l p e ' t " V ' i ' s i ( J l L 1 , 'o f a n Aviation M e e d : ic : a l Specialistb ) Somethnes - j u depends on tbe degreec) Neverd) y day only

I 'l l - :2 2


44/95

I)1 1 )c)d)

.....roup therapri I ten .uest ionna iresPersonal I in'U~rv;,.' \ 1 V ST w o D m , ' ,f ensi . n al M ,ode] anaC ' .' '.

. . .a)b)

,g gn : ~ . 'i ve e ' .Ir a ert.apredictable f' lraVlennr liabl e: tra crt.n io ns . e ,it avert

a Re ." b le ane _Ita' I]eb) : 'la bl. an : eK1TaJ\~_rtc) RIc]] bl nd trav artedd R e1 iab l c_"" calm and e travert _d

a) Me ut ratic Io nm . t occa , Om ] ,b) _~ e~utocr at it '"r~tb th e crew of U1Q aircraft but ubmissive w hen dealing with when an

ernergeru y or when und _ ' m " stressAre UlU, rati ,'~"~ell ~Dco unand and ubmissiv _c '\. hen on r ued b someon 0 _h i g h _ Tperc. ,j ed sn uu s

d) Tend to auth ritarian 'Y o hen dre .,ed i1 uni orm and when d ling with b _ t h air tdcabin ~r 'W

;' ) P ',) G++ P -c) G p+, ) p P I

12 - 27


45/95

6. , .I . z will a erson u no 0 react i hey are ccnfronted with ,J decision from someone 111-:perceiv ' a ;having .highe statu' ?a Listen to.belie e and compl ,'.wth the' d ecisio ~b I Avoid confront : t l ,c B, com intra erted) Que tlon ' he deei jon

, .. If an, . I.' 'ra ge a biU ty g r IU ' m: ke a deci . 0 . 1 1 1 ; W ' i t ~ wth e in " id ," ~memb rs .,

b tter or or '" ~ . f f i l . ~ one rna

W ,orseTend, '0 b either

c,15% , of he rim '- b tterd) Biter

e, If'a g roup - with someone who has' h. -ve a erag Ibf " 'l y - make s a d ec isio n i' h dech ito be be te r or worse than OD , made b above avei ',e' person ' n their ,'.. I ?

b.e)d)

nlikeh to e bei terik . : I y to be ette

l ikel to be ' wor seI depends on ' e numb' , of'th _ ' e

a) L~ , ri " ,Y'1 1 , 1 " jme ' '[[1 0e isk y

c , S m ~ im e' ~ ." I r~I"i, I _or,~ri ky

;__ ,I ' ut h~ ,O~ ' i , - , on ' d nd th II,', 'l, fi r the op in i us of oth rme nb 11' th , ire \'l 'j 0 "rd, ~ ~th ' llTlplic: fl n ''. ) E ncourage ideas from the crew before tati n ' h is own opiniond) Mon.it _'I' his m otor _'rog amme flying)

1 m . Langeaal ':"on-v ..rbal cemmunieaaionb Sign Laagu gec) "gg es iond) communicat i I whi -h iopec. tr ultura problems


46/95

S_ ' 'fro _b ) , Fals

8)b)cd)

,I 'ng 0 I e ,,"_~iIl'IO",one I, f th above

[;l Auto _ratio [> 'ubje - r i_ ~ ., ,'yn rgistieb , A,ur~ocr,atic,~'-j ibm issi ' e,'YDer~'i, ticC " a isser-Fa i , ' 'nbj_" rive, S ly , ' ergisti 'd) Autoer t~c, l ais ' e r- F aie - 8 : ' e rg istic

a' Trueb) FI~['

I . cockpit m I" misehe "trun i',',[1"_ ering from, esshe aptain ipre-occupied

C ,I c 1'0 retem co-oiler' s 1 ,d . 'I '1 1 ' u m compeu n t co-p ili 1ot ' , leg

~7 . 0 ", UD' er- _"t a n a utb o ri tari ce e rp it crew 0'0 ~d :

, I

nsur l-bal dt _Y ~n ,UTe that th ,.r 0 Pm 1om ar h a m in, pite f p ossibl c on fro n [ ,ti QI lemain s i l e n a n d 0:' 'i all out on tb , J o : u n - ,Co-operate in I conciliatory fo:nll but th e contents 0 ' this co-operatic bl W S 'finnObtai ppor t n o ' n an nhere 'Wmember

a ,)b)c)

12 - 29


47/95

HUIMIAN PERFORMANCE

r . CF'[T means:~,) Controlled Flight in Terminal airspaceb) C entre lled Flight into Te trainc) Controlled :-;lying i l l Trainingd) C ontrclled F ly ing ~1 1 Taxiw ays Chelicopters)

om.) Is, another name for closed questionsb) Require deductions to be made before an answer 'is possiblec 1 Does not Require deductions to be made before an iU]ISWe[[' ~spossibled) Requi e a quick. answer

a) ~ - .2-b) : I + 'I - < ,-c) l + 1 - { 4d) ~ + 1 - }2-

a.) Redundant Actions, Ternpcral and Co-actionb 1 Redundant '..ction s , G c~ 1 'Ie r,~dI, o-operation and C o-actionC ) 1 aenera I C o-op era ti O I D 1 l ! , T empora ~and, C a-act iond ~I , 0gnitive Co-acti on, G eneral . o-eperation and TemporalSynchronization can be said to be divided into :~) Temporal Synchronizat ion and R a . tW D : 'l I l l ~ Synchronizat ion.b ) Cogn itiV IC Syn chronization Temporal S y n c ~ u D n ~za t i O ~ 1 , "Rational Sync hronizarion,c) Cognitive Synehronization and Temporal S yn chro niz atio n ..d) . ognitive Synchronization and. R~t~ona1ynchrotlh~atio .n . .

61~ One B,IT of C ommun ication .j s ' the ~liUJ~Ull~ityI)f infosm iltion ~rb~ch re d1UCI~ '5 th e 'UJlincertainty of th eRec ei v er by :a) 75 ;b . .. .8;%b) 6.5 - 7 s e ; - h) ,.,...." '~"'O)JC I :1,) - Ii' JI 7{]d) 5 0 0 / ' 0

1


48/95

C,AT~ONIAND CO...OPII!R . :IIDN7 .. yp rte c, :

a C n '_~ te 'r cord" g to I t h _ s,' ati,onI " fix ed 0 a n , ituations

C I, an al er accordi g ro the tr ned 1 Can a~t" .S 'l tlu neaning j plied

," il 1 dep nd on :!.I Th ceiver image '~h. Tr m";t 'b) , e Tran mil er's im ge' of the Re eiver

he Tra 'srnitter s image of the "t at~,::IThe' Tran . itter im g I, f ih ' peret ived situation

9. The :Ii Ilowing ~, are the "fiji"! 0 uffer r m inter-hu . D Cmflic s :a) one, nt arion and F I ,lJ on th jc b in handb ,'itllatin',,\i' 'a neC ) I om rnunicaricn . 1, c o " 'kit a ',n110 yd) ,0 . munlcatio and q l1 :ah ty ,f ork

a) , 1 '1 tc _ ~ b~is ~ y' C o W l ,L a I .b) Remind b"m/h r of his er ,Ias~a_don be fore 'be interrup ionc) ',8 e , ' un: there is '110 ',T traffic on the radii, . J Y, u must neve r ,r n rrupt

~1" A bf~'~fing '.h . ul - . on ' w . , ~ I,'f les than =a t ) w d eb) ~I ideasI , ' " ) 7 sentenc .sd ]0 entences

~2. '1 1 ' !' 11 r1 Pi ~Q:III ~ .al 'Good briefing ndwarenes if cul m,J dl re 11:,b, I'" cod b rt ~f in ,S ' a n a tarmouious cockpit atmospherec) U S ! .profe ,~ nal languagd) R ' .", p utting your o .p li i 1[1forward first

Oxfo rd Av ia ti on Se .w i. ce 5 Um l t


49/95

H13 . W ha~ are ' e five hazardous attitudes which 'play II 'leading FO e in ' I ita bility o r an in 'i idual

to cope w it h paten ia lly da"DPe,rou, sima iOD ?a A nti au ' h o . f l ~ty , O r er onfidem ~ [nyu h1e ra .ble,. , 'i:l ho an d ,I e . S J gn db -,n i-anthority , Im ul ~~ e Invu - 1 l l rsble.J aeho and esign ,dc) Anti -Iuthori ty, ~Plm J ,.,,', - Invul te r ab le - M cb: ' and ' ver confide n 'd 1 0 er onfident, npulsiv _ Invulnera -1 _' _ ', ache and R', igned

I ) It' the main tool to 'rlsm, cocrdinatienb) 1 '1 i'th, - a m to "I t ,ensure eornpr hension, ) I ' is the m , in t, 0 '1 t o . e II ure harm ,D yd) 1 It i''(be main [ 01 [It' n ure unden h 1 1 l m Jd J] 1 '1 '

a Syn f, is thesra I b r, the indix idual perform 'nice ' ex e ds th um o r the g ' u ,-,nerfo nc ,

b ' ,yner,gy i the fa I'e vhe re the group p , rform ane ' e .ceed',' th _wn of t individualI ' , aformances'ym rev is ; ~ erform ' I. ' C ~I d. he sum I f th e iI1 ividualpno ances bd er 'J:) ' i the, ;ta t ' ' 'here th ' indiv idu 1 ' P rfOmJlJan, .es exce eds ie um 0 e g ro uperformane 'b' -'.0%

16.

. : : I

Th triot due Iicati n fa ,ti,on, by v, . inili i.nab< tric'~ dupli a '",Ift I "actio 'by - '~.n, l ' .du J,

" ich I r i n " h " '~'rh'i J"l have se e 1 , _ 0 " , red by ,,_'e ch" : k Ii td

17 . .. h :~ t'i an t by 'co-action" 1 -,3 ) div id I als working 'fl jff rent e n iro me JlI Int sharin m e ' am e general

Ibjecti, e, and working ltld, pe d __t Iy in,carrying, u 'e", '_etianbl . ,I s ' ri". , b_ the co-pil '~The I tri t I, u -lie rion of ac io n by '~'riou . in I " iual

d In iv d1Ja~ s\ or ig 10 he, ame en , ironm ut nd 'baring th, .,am e ge eral ob je , r iv e sbu workEn' . independen ly in m ',~ i n " , out the ir a .t i 'IllS

1:3...21 Oxlhl'd AVlauon Se rvlc s L~m1ted


50/95


51/95

M ~ 'N ANID ACHINE

,9 . The ' , dy of _B]1 ', ' d~ptiou l. m c rinesb) . A . branch of nthrcpofogyc) T I _ , '11'1' yo, human mea' re - emd ) h e rudy 0 th e adap i o n " Fmachin . 10 M , w ' D " neods

- . '. a[ ereentage I. th appropriatef~om?

u la tio n a rc a nth n I - om , tri -data: able m easurem mt ,t k n

, 3 ) O%~,~e t h ' :_t _Bluh'l I the n i net ieth percent ile, us i ng c ,1,[1~our. ,d nrunic ; nd " t a 'tm , datae) 0% ie th e fifth tc th ninety -fi h nercenrih u i , n eont ur, dynam i: a' d tatic data) 5 0% ~ ie the ( ' .nty- iflh 1 . ' 1trh I. vent fiftlt percentile, " ing contour d,narnic: nd st It~

dar[~"._011' ftil 'ov.-'

\. bat" , the lTII 'l common chec k...li t, rror,0 )bc)d)

Action slipT man y capit 1 lett rs are use 'Resp uded to automatically,,~i "Ilfl nem. . . . .

4., Whet is the m rp 0 C ot the. lum bar s pport ?a) TIQ ~UtQIWthe most comfortable posittea for th e sp i e an, t r u i g h e r ne J khones,b To ' llow .h mo tie mfortable po' ill n f '~I~the pi nd shoulder bones) " 2d]oV!lth~-rno,~ I . ,1UCJI 'able 0 "fort"n r th e spined 11 To', reduce all even pressure of we di es b allov im rh lnw r pin,' If} cu naturally

5 . V lhaJ t are the ess enti _l haeacteri s1 'iC 'I of a cockpit. w a m r u n g " ,a) It should hav the' b - t an ern io n-g ertir g qualiti s ab) It hould b. attention-g ttin J but not alarminel l It h uld hav . ' 'H I ali n-getting qualities which ~I romis a cl aL '~nd~"rion It I

t l1 e pi lot of the . BlIU I~ycom ponen ' .sy t emd) ~ 1 lJ 't not daz .le or '0' ibly mpwrnn~ ' 'lb. rex night vision

14, 2 1 ' 3 :I I I I I I ! ! ! ! ! J >., . '. @ Oxford Aviation Se;rvices lim it d


52/95

M AN A N ~ IMIACHII,

a IE cane and ~ .neraenc I xit" bout b _ clear of obsmrct ien:b The Deign ", e Point mu: I be cle rly marked

1 1 1 l P " I ant contro l must be l eated in e 'S~] reached ,and un h" truete .p o iion,d J ) l e i Intro] ._ l _ 1 ~ d indicaro shou~d h e s .ta nd Ird' ed

, ) A d ig it al d~'p ,~


53/95

M _ A I N I A-D MACHIINE~ 2 : . Thethree types of 1\,nthropometri e -easu rements are :

a) Static, Design, COlltO'UFb) Conto ur, D esig n " Dy nam ice Static, Dynamic, -_o1 1 'WUI"d) St~'tic~Dy[la~[l,ic'~Design

a,J L atent errorsb) . L eng -tenned errors~) Lengthy errorsd) L~veware

a] Protected aDd semi-protected systemsb) Protee ~ed ,arflIidend ang ered sys tem se , Protected ud v uln rab le sy -~e1ns,d) Prate c te d O J D ] ; d quasi-protected systems

a] There is at fa1l1h in a . cr i ical systemb Emergencyc I Alertd ,I D'anger

a l l ' Overconfidence in the handHmg capability of the pilot'r o I Overconfidence in t~e handling ~Hpabi lilY of the pilot 0f computersc) Over-reliance on 1 U ' ~ l c ! m . a U o nd) T he blind belief 'in automation

1'"", M . A l l . , . . . 1 1 ' i i I o i b .f Due error is assoc lateu ~Vii~j:::a 1 , . utomationb) Hardwarec) I . . - Sd . S oftwarc


54/95

a T here can -'i; g reater d Iay s betwcc It ~!h.ep r orm am e of'th en -l" and s ultimate e eelb) D, Jay ,c lween the perforrnance of he crew nd ~t.ul imate elf c I' are: ho tenedC I Deht, , b et\l }em[hie performa DC l 'of-' crew a; n o L .ulrimate fee are n t appr - ia t _dd) - Jay h. tween 'the performance of th e c e\l and it ul imate e ffe ct h av e no '. fleet

1 ,9 . 'utomari on :J I e lp with unusual and unexpec ted . ~ t u a. ri o~ ,,-) . ay r suh ill a p ~] .~ b 'ing unaware 1 o f Ir np orta nr in fa ati on when dealing : ith an

-nusu [and unex 'ect, d situationc) Increa ~ '- [', action L i m e ' wh n d e a l i n g \l\filh u' u l : nd unex p cted s itu atio r 'Li)0C[ ases r, action tim e Wlen deali g w ith nusual an d Uaexpccu d situ t ions

a) ai, 'k o f ~nftu ~r nrtion being pas.' d be t e en crew m. mbcnb I Too mu ch , in fo rm a tio n being pas cd b 'ween r v membe r.) " 011fu . d information being p sed be 'J1 V en - [ 11 :_ ' lb . rd) To much detailed inform ation b ~ng p assed betw een crew m . mber

@Oxford A~aUon Esmce.s,l imJted


55/95

1 ' WM t are th e cat .g orie ,,' fri..1 1[ b je ,c ' i ve /Sudd en and S ub je etiv e/G ra -. al

b 1 . :u d d. - Imp ornptu and . rad _~/Plamu~~dc xt 'all ~.eliv_and Int mall ubj echv.'d. ImprOimpt Objectit and P.trullil 1,ectiv _

a) Trueb I alse

] ,. T en is no diffe '. n, _ be, een k, lecjdlng"~ '" -deci , icD=ma : _ m g ' ~ :.) , ru

, a l s e

It can b ~ Ilmp'~emen t ,d ~~l 't bin t i t . timeb) Ti~D, is n 1 an isue, he d.cisi n una t be correctc Time ca n b an i ue ut the .'orrect perc' . lion: th a i 'portant fa t, rd " 'en other m mber 0 the. -r,. ag ree

,3b. I

T.mea l l

, 3 . . ' eti .11' lipb) , I, 'on fi nn_ t ion B ,i a '

nor 0 Commis s iond ' ,. W I Dm llt nt '; 3,pr-e

, ,) .._ common but nega ie o ccu rr en ce, common 'bu,t ben jcial 0 CUff nee'. . rm r bu b enefieial OCCltftlenCe

d) A a re [bu t It gati e or CtUl"DCe


56/95

HUMIANI PER ,FOA IMIAN 'CE ,

a) They are ' \~Ie'~~publis hedb) Obviousc) U rnde:~ 'p~lb'Hshedd) The results ate unclear

9. The risk 0 an irprox is normally :a , l 0, erestimatedb) Underestimatedc) Discountedd) , A ! c C u f l :t e J .y 1 5 ' e s s e d

a , ,I Positive 811d negative eonsideratiensb) Values and costsc ) Planned a n d i : m p ~ O '~ F m ] pr o . con s i: d.erat~oinsd J . A . s s i g n r n . t l i tasks

I.) Risky loss (,ather than I. certain loss even ifthe expected.loss from th e former is greaterb) 'R i sk y 'l os s, r at he r than a certain Joss even if th e expected l o s s . from the fonner is lessC ) I Risky loss rather than a certain 10's eveni f the expected loss from the ~aUeris greaterd ' R isky loss rather than aeertain losseven if the expected Joss from the latter is ' fargreater

,~,) Common dilemma faced by a : ~ ~'p ' i~o~sb ) s o r n l ' l y experienced 'by sk i 1~ . e d 'p i m c r ts.') Onl y happens to inexperieneed pilotsd) Is r andy face d . 'by' 100 d p 1 ru ~ ots

~ )I Trueb) False


57/95

People err. ) True) False

a.j,o]]]ctimes Ifect ..decision-makingb) Ra re ~y a ff ec ts deci ..ion-makiagc) -':. ver affects dec , isien-makingd) Alway . affects decision-making

a Asign Tasks. . . . .b Decidec) Ri sk ass .~ .m end) Diagno e and . efine object] .

a) nteb!ah~ .

l .'. Input from th - crev is : n imp rl 'l1~fa t r i th e dec' sion-ma '.~ng .' ocess :

19.

.) Ha e no I eed Di rupt the proees

_) True'b) Fals

'15 - . 0 O doro A' ! I ia~iQnSe rv ices . 1mUed


58/95

The cornp sition ,':' t h - _ t ~ 0 her' from sea level a out 7 'rt)b

50% , % Oxygen" 1 0/0' ~tro gen,2 1% "xy ' ',:n, H ~ V c ' . " Y r _ B-

lO'/~other g ies.~ ' 0 / 0 other gases ..I0 " other s 8_ . '.10~, th__g__J - i mCI

2. , "xygen "s required by I t b human body to :, I clear e blood r ' flmpurities J iro d n '.ed in the ' d .

dri e en '. " ro fo d' oxidation.produ ze Carbon Dioxi e t rn a in t in the c, __~ -t acidi of th b~. od,

c) to as ure the' I O r D f v e r - io n 0' fat . net, p r o t e i n s '0 . ' I'r b ohydr, : es required, 'o r tissu:r,egenera ti 011

i, ) ~u h them ucou, linhll' 'f th e Trachea tmd Bronchi,b b = tw~e'ltl the in e n ' r of th alveo ,.and the capi Ilaries on th ~lv~0 1iw, Js,

fro e hOt.oL8C 0' 'the' lunas via i- 'u C O d in th _ thoracir ca iy~dl by means cl .~Puhnonar It", ,',Ii ~. g thu gs ' irectly 0 0 ' th hea

a) di '01 ed in tn e bl. " d P~'. ,.n13.b [. b ical c mbinari n ,,tb hai , ' 0 fl, bi -ih th ev rh ite Li.d c, tts.'e l as mie 0, pi _ bubh e . ,00 , ' 1 : ' : pl tel ~.d in combination with h lem og~ bi ~ in the re 'b~,," delis.An in ivi rua'" ho j short o 'Oxygen m . y try to compen te by in c reas ing 'h e rate and de; th ofbreathing, his P']rO', " is called:a) b~,-0 ," c C 'O : , . pens ation.b) presbycus i'.c) ryp , ~ _nti larl fl.,d ni ,)" rhythmia,


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a} ,2 3 hou rs .b) . 2 4 hour 'I~c) .2 5 hours,d) 2 6 ho urs,

a) can be dange rous, as it ~na:ydi tract anent ~Ol] from '[1y i ng the ,0ircraft.b) i s imposs ib le for pilets as they can o m T h y absorb I l i m , : it e d amount of ~mformation at a n y

one time.c) enlb~es maintenance of situati anal awareness,d) alw(lI lYs c arrie s th e ris ilt o f constructi ng a f~ dBe' m e m J l r u model ,

a) is better than [0ad safety, but not as good as T B I l - a ~ safety.b ) '~hnUBheffect ive, 'I agging b ch i nd road an d n l L i ~ saJfety.c) increasing each year, due to [he increasing :automation of moder n a ir cra ft,d) better than road s~fe~yand 1'1~] s:afety.

a) during low VQ ~tagc h i , g 1 1 .& e q uen cy D elta b rain wave ac t ivruty ~b) s , ' ~eep stages ] and 4 ;0c) a ,,',an Wndi v ~dua,I f irs L s tarts to fall a s l e e p . .d) d . u r n - ing the drtanlin~ s tage of R M s , ~eep,

a) REM sleep,b) , t o,'\ \vwave s leep .e) leep s . t t m g e : s , 3 and . 4.d) stage . 1 Hnd 2 iii]eep,

:I) ep isod ic memoryb . ~hort term or w ork ing rt1'en1l0'IDj' .,C ) I semamlc memory,I ( n echoic and i c o n i c m _ - m o r . y ,

16 ~14


60/95

~2 . The time a "u eful con 'C ~OU 'De s for a p ilo t, undertaking mode te activie t ~ , \ i n n L: xp d til'[ P T ig re .ive secon pre ' ion, t ' , f t :8 ) 1 30 minut '"'b 5 second .Ie'} r u . 2 seconds,d) 2 "0 ' minut r_ ,!,

3 ,. Re 1 uir :d Oxygen for an 1ndiv id ua l e ,pe ri enc i'ng a . moderate ' w o r k l o a d H'~ 3 7 A ' ] i 0 I~ ,L:HU b eprov i, I. -d by breat ttin~:a 1 ~ I' % 0, gen u d r pre" ure,b ,.n" ,Y '! !leI'11 Ai'rmi ", , -C ' ~ I O , '% uxygen,

, m i ttur . oflO' ' g _ ] ] . ,nnd elium to balane

a) a:,BJ1]']phase - d ~niel p.has l' - ,~_ c e p t t m n c L ' phase,b I~,ar 'ph ' '_- " ~' ce ph a -, Xh_ust i, n pha .Ie) tre 'Or' - re sista nc e 'p hs " ':.- a da pta ti o n phas .d) r _ : ; lance' " : b s - I ' rhmu tion phase - fie', VI_'f- eha e.

15 .. W hl a large aircraft maintaining a tandard ,Ii) approa h to a runw ay , n t , t .ou~hdown point wiUb:a t n iual at ing point,b F w t h " ~n t, ifth erun: ay than t h o visual aiming , P 'c .bo_ or 1 . . ng from the visual riming point de, ending on th _'runway nope.d.~ 1 1 0 of m I vi U B , I aimin '0 ~ l,. .

a)

, 1

a fl izht o r ta sk undertaken t a tirne w hen the body 's cir, adian rhy" :m ' a re a L t theirkre estpoint 0 -: .;~- w l c i Hey.111cpr ce b_ which the em al decisi m='m< 'erwill ignore am y informationi hieh d l , _ ' ,not. ' 't the m . nta l mode [. reate by the ~tu a l~n,th e t .de:I:H:Y rf'a g r ' up of'i dividuals t : ',1 a cept . hig he r ri~ k th a any j - d r n ~ l ' i . u J nemberof the group., he natural . eno n y . th c- . hum n rrunr to blame out ide , en eies for an errors rna , e

b)

d 1 ! ' l I J an emer en _ y : ituan on.


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a) S)~I that the pilot can maintain an adequate ' iew of aU th e bilparr~oot displays i n s , ' " de, andof tbe w orld outs ide , N ith miruirnum head o :~ ''body movements ,

b) ' to enable the pilot to SN;~ a11his, n " ,ght ins t ruments within minimum scan movement of'th e head..

c) at the centre of the ' artificial horizon or .fl~gh~director indica~or.d) '0 determine the eventual size ,of~true''ni~f:l~'ldeck and where the window frames will be0, i t i , o n e d . Q a - ~ogive DJ ill innnn interference to the pi~,ot~5fietd of view,

I w t wi~' mainly OCCUE ' under eenditions oflow arousal,'b ) it ~fl'~1 . m R i D I y o ecu r under eon d~t~ons o f: tr e:s s,c) i , 1 ~ s ex t reme ~yre sistant to change.d ) 1 it w ill ~Iways 'b e' m od ifie d to meet me exp ectations of ~!h~im1dt\ljdu_I~.

a) Macho"' r b ) An ~ -i-authority,c) Impu l 5 , 1 vi ty .d) Dominat ion.

2 0 . To facil i~ate and r e duc e the l ru:metake 11.0 access i r n . ~ bnnation in ~iOl l lBterm memory , it is nece S~ry'0 0 1 :

, m . l le ar n. to s t o r e information in a logical ' , " I f , a y .b) l t l ]entaUy rehearse irr ormatian before i~ "is needed,C ) 1 SIfUC ture rhe in 1 1 rmanen . I .. much as pas si ble before eommi n1'ne i,~to memory .d) avoid P 'ind le ss J y a cti va ting il11rorrtla~ion, which we know wi]] soon be needed,

a the pre pared fie'spons e is likely to be' carr i ee l out,th mind win "freeze' and v ill, re qu ire I,rem ~mder B reminder ;&ofm ~'t~1data store beforeae tioning th_new demand ,

c) the prepared response will be transferred tOI the long term memory store,d . ) m e rnm nd .~ _iU " .w itch off" and ign(H"e the unexpected timulu .


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. The area Ion the retina where i~leoptic nerve receives ,] the ~n:r.or.ma't ionfli 'om, th .' light en ~~~ivcell. of th ~retina j .:a I th hlin ~ atb III lea.e) The Rod/Col1 . , ' 'w n te r . , , , .tion poiat,,,) Tbe. m .t ."..n 'ii''.p, . f J~~ina ' iti l th ]lighe f ' isual i uiThe eye Call adjust to ell' ng in light inten j~ie by varying rb . diameter a ':'I I I ' P U l l I H . Thi canch ng I h int nsit' o f th wg ,t falling,', t t l . ' re r i n by' ' r e t'l '~O,:]) 2 :Ic) 5:Id' _"I: 1Fo 'win a flieht that tra sits nurnerou tim . zones, the a' o ite d hifti I 1 g of . eitgeberresyachronization t, I th e ' Dew la al t ime t t th" ~. erage r; 0 , :," J z. h un P f y .b) L5 hcurs per day ~C'd)

4 hou per i 1 _ l hournerd, .~fth e 'fr ~t h ' . enw, . IW'rd nd '. ' n o rs - re' ',[w,ar",

i ' , '1 1 _ _ fli' br h 'ben

I,b)

Iii

I) 'i ' fl ~Lcy, a pilot can onl one .oks. on one thin [M . a t ime,b J make it po sib [. [01 detect a I DO,[Ina I ' a lue for fl[gh~ param ete r e en thou h th, Y [are

D' the pilo t' , im me di ite co cern,C . make' ~tpo wb~ t I me a. th nom' er of sirnul ecusly managed sated . makes tt pos - : ibl e 001 carry QUt . sev ral cOgl]L~t' e proc : >ses at the same time,

Oxford A\I'ia~on S lee _L m' I


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R.EV I IS~ 'DNP,APERS

_) in t he ve rt ic al ruti..,b) in 1 J 1 . fore and 1ft ..xi -., I in th e J f t _ ~ r 8 . 1 .axi cod) w hen '1J]mb~e an ti-G '.tram in . techn ique , an employed,Barotraun a of Itll:. cranial inu. e 'i.most ~]{ely "0 cur;, 3 , . , r~ng'thede cent.b among ~dd~rlyp '~'.

In the cl im b.') In p_r '.. :- . ' \ ib '_ i' .tory 0 -cardia .. ' eu lar rob l 'Ins,.

are star d \. or' in g rules in Ion. term me DOry.I I I . uire con .. i'.L E , th ght to len 3l1-le~I~ ) an be re ta in ed fo :ron], a few m inute .d) m be' v io rat su -I routine .

. Q . hould ' e:a . ) ~;if e , a d fre qu en t,b):mall. .' infreq I ent,c) : m all and rr e q r u J . nt,d L 'T e an d n_.. Q f U I nt.

16 - 18


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T he 'tim e f 1I .eful '0 .. ~ ,tm sn _s ~ fo r 1 indi v idua _- erien in I pill! .. In'rri,;. '~~II ~ltite 0_~ 5 ,;OOO " L .:

an

5 - 7 e __ . .. . .-lAUl ........,'02 rninu " ' .~? . 'nd,IL .-=:11 _. ' 'II

Duru ,g seennin 00 h tlu in trurnents th. '. ' ,t er i . r til .a rpt ....imate d ,fa' ion o f a sacc U 1J.] ,.)b)cd

econds,1 3 " condL' .ell.v riabl '.d P ~ndi[]g , er me _ -.e tw , .en Ith ' tw o 1 bj an ed..

'_.1 .J ts ,f ruh ~I 'g', rm I'll _.. '1)1.b a " < it J in t h - v rkin ,m , mory,

,3 . eonditi n d prograo j '[W e, n th e 1 le i tic . ' n o - . rking m rnlilori I, .Th _< 'bin p r . , ' u r e in ID mm r .ial ,Ir,._~ U J r i 2 ! d ' i J 1 _ n 1 1 1 i ~ , norrnall m int_]11, _d 'L equivaka n n ' ph 'ric ~fC' lire:) alw " s quiv Jl, a ~e'vLb) III I f " : lIy n, (I , ' . , to '"\0., I teet,c n .rmally 11 ~ c e r u n g 6, 0, 00 feet.d . norm U ID l 1xceedin . ~ ,00 to J 2 ~ 0 feet,

, .

b,3

dexteri r and interior enviror me n ~~


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1 6 . A,'~a ~ ~ ~ 1 ] ] ] . d e 't h e n e e essary o x y g e n r eq n ir emen ts may be prov ~ded for l l o , r m a J resp,iratruon by anoxygen/a i rmix U P I ' U D :a) 30 ! '00 . f t .b) 4 10,000 ft.c) 24 -0 00 tt;d~ l3,700 fl.

I. ) chest mu sc le s a nd diaphragrn ral e 'the um:rugpressure to above atmospheri e pressure'.b) there i s a signifleant in cre as e o f c arb on dloxide a nd w a te r vapour in mhe alveoli,e) oxygen ~'51!removed It. I higher rate from alveolar I~ r than earbon dWIJride r e p b ' i , c e s itd ) ~heventur i c 'r rect of i B r i i rpa.:~nlin,gt h r n - o ' L 1 g h t h e t rachea a n d b m n c h i causes I reduction , o f

pressure i m : J the a '~veo] L

. 'a)b)

e na bl e the deteeti on of' possible I U : l X ~,o~sgase s and, trj,;flger' th e body'! s defences .trap harmful particles and bacteria their mucous membranes SC I ~a:Lthey wil l net passin to th e' very d elic ate lu ng tis su e,fU~~r~WJlU111land hn:midi ' ty r o w drawn in dnrin,g: inspiration,sam pl e he a i J r101 enab le the re s p.iratOJ'Y mec hanism to ,lldjU~t the ra te and depth o f~ ,bliea;thlng.

c)il)

~ ,) w i~ in ] 6 'hours 0f 'th e ]ast d i ve,b) 'w i ~ in 2 4, l li 1 0 U r ,S I O f ' 4. I fi ,QUI f . . . ru f 8 J , depdl of' 30 ft bas 'been exceeded,c) finly a ft er con su lt at io n with a d oc to r if,l d ep th of 30 'f t 'h~lbeen exceeded.d .) wi ~ hirn1 2 h ou rs, o r 24 bOUfS if 'a depth of 3 0 1 f~bas b een exceeded.

a) fami lyhistory .b) s m o k i m ' D l g .c) th e am o un t of saturated fats in the di td) hypertensicn ( h r u g ' h blood pressure),

16 _,20


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. Lot of hearing due to damage or defee t in the ardrum or au ditory os' ie le ~..pre bycusis,oise induced h aring lo ss ,.'condu tty' d' a m . ' s,m id dle e ar d isc on n ~-t~OI:[).

, _ '_I d lin.' ace, Ier _ tio l1 0 deceler . I ' t~, IODi,':' . .. .. .. .. .. " "-W... nJi . fl ali" I~ u" () Iistu rb ' ce inb ' end, lyrnph of th inn r ,'rr.

]b ) combined plhch upan bankin se n arion.e a f aling 0' pitch u when the ,L ' B_ d, celerate ll'ing an, BU'(Una, ic ttem t r U ' 1

' ti l. : . nose of e ai-. , , - f t d .\.\d . a pi tell UPI f e e ,lin g '\ h en tbe airer , n ae _elerates,

. V1ha~meam c an be O J ed m comba t human error?a' Reducin .':.IT r- . ,ODC rneeh nis I' b) l~ npr1 Jv ing the ,"I 'm 'w 'lc~ error is ,t ken jD~1 , ccount in traini g ., .., the initiI :.anet I ad Ul' t ru, ~at'.'~ . 'd. ) Improvmg 'm ' CO' ery frem error and it ' . on.'-qoon 'e'S..

hi ,e com J nat~ .

a 1 ' , ' , d 'I .b ) 1 1 an d 2,. .;;, ' . . 9 1 1

. ) I ~ 2 an . . ,4 .

a, it, W I t,' ~" 1 ' ,f ; m 'to ' subje t to rror,b' its : , . - n ty system ha s taken mto _' , '01lJJntallstatis r i c Uy pee bable e 0' .,~

tb . eon equenee of error w i ] ~not '.r, trio sly ji epard ize " a Jely .d) latent e rro rs '. 10 'O _ t I_~tj] eri us oas ,afety ,

fear, anxie _ de' ression. ' iL ,~-,'::_hn. I es ' . m u t J L L , ;

indec i '"on. . in atte ntie n, w ith draw al ..npomry m, utal I. D~fu .ion , . s. le n d

1 1 6 2 , 1 o ford Avis~onS Nice;, UmLltad


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3) a cha~ie' in the attitude of the aircraft could lead to misinterpretat ion of the runway],e'ngith.

b) the tendency [()iF objects to become indist inct wi ! ' h distance,c) ~~'l,el~ndeniC:y of o bje cts lo t"c rta in colour ' to remain in view for longer periods during

di Hering l ight leon di l ions.d) the presence of 'a sloping cloud bank m ay be m ista ke n for a horizon. eausing ,9 , pilot who'i s tly in ,g VM 'C to bank m e aircra f t . to align ~l,v itb the clo ud bank.

a} ~ normalnon-aggress ive pe rson Suffers stress as resul t of sheek, turns J},I~le"trern bles andchooses to nee rather than fight,

b) ,in W ll ge r I , p e rs o n becomes red in the face, aggressive 1.11d chooses t10 fight rather thB]lf lee . .

c) the sympathet ic nervous system provides IIIindi vidual wi~h ' t h e resources to CO,P e witha ne \v and sudden source o f s tr es s,d) theparasympathetic nervous system provides extra resources for ,~Ulindividual to cope

wi~ ha new an dsudden :ijlU~Ce of stF ~S L.I:8. The working memory is limited i r u 1 , its capac i~yto store unrelated i t C L 1 1 S . The number ofsuch item s

that ![WaJY be stored with I i ,~J attention is :I ) 1 2 .b) 1.c) 5 +J '~'~Ii'd) 4.

,o,}1 ~o.1 minutes.b ) 1 S , to ~ : : 2 seconds,c) ,; to ~orninutes.d ) L0 to 2 , 0 s e cond s n

a~ the study of human behaviour in response to stress.b) the' S'lLidy of sleep patterns and circadian rhythms,c) the study of the relat ionship between man and his\cvoirkin,g envircnmentd) [he study '0f human r ue as ur emen r,


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~ 1 1 I J the event ofa ' m " a ; J ' r n d d ec omp re ss io n, th e venturi effect ofthe ~irflkllw'plassing the fuselage' m a ylead to:a,) ,R restriction of' v i, ion due to 'the sudden pressure drop causing water v ap o ur b) eond en s em the cabin,b m e cabin a i l t i 1 t u d e b ein g at a 'hi~ her altim d ~ than the aircraft Iltwmde.,c) tl ' l[dd~n rise in the 'kin temperature of the fuselage \\yidl ~e danger of igniting a m y fuel

spillage,d) ,m ,d e crease in t o e ' rite' a t which 'the cabin de:p - C S S u . r l f z e s as th e a i rc ra ft speed increases.

II) cognitive assoclative and anternatic.b) eognitive, associative and expert,1 t ; ) 1 associative, automatic and expert,dl a u tem atic , eo gn i tiv e a nd expen,

, 8 . " ro u tin e e rro rs ,.b) errors of teehnical know edge,e) handl iag errors,d) creative errors,

, ~ . ) r a poorly CO:D'tTOU~d emotion 'which leads to a reduction in c 2 r u p m b ~ ~ i t i e .b) A ps yel l 01ogic a] ph en omen C U 1 whi ch affects on Iy fr~gIDIe pe rsonal itie s,c) A norma] p henomenon that enables an individual to I,dapl[ t o . s i tua -ions en oounrercd.r d , ) A h~m~n reaction wh ich ind~"\ fidua] smust naanage to e ~ j i m i m a m e .

I,) resp (W I ding w ~th lo g ic al c oun te r arguments,b) steadfastly maintain r'rlg ones IO~ point of view ..c) active listening,d o ) surrendering one's ow n paint of v lew.


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'DE~IIS-ilD I.. I P ' A ' P EIE!II il il !i'n, w _ . _ :_ ~ . :_ : :1 1 " ' 1 1 _I ~I1"!t~1

a) gmd!ua .Uy inc re a si lThgthe psychological pressure on th~$Imd, tn~s .b) puni sh ing " IdleIea rne r fo r un ucees sful trialsc) reimofcing s~C( es s ful trials,d) r ein fo rc ing e rror s made' dunns the learning process,

ll, speed o f rea cti o n,b) th e d ls trib u.tio n o f ta sk s and crew eoordiaation.c) s~ron2"~tuatienal awareness,d) th e 'whole cr 'W to focus O I : D , the ~:mDlediatepoob lem,

':8. : swnu' e in the skull me required to:, ; 9 , ac t U C 1\ reservoir fo r those . i 1 u mds necessary 'tOI maintain, 'the' rnne ous m em branes lo:ftherespiratory sly-stem in a 'healthy s tm : u e .b) 'provide ' 8j , s y s t e m that allows any sudden pre ssure c b _ B . n i 1 e S to be over 'we whOI~leskull .c) ac t 85 a. drain sys tem. '10 mUow c'r.uia.~fluids to msirna in cor re ct pves;s~:re during altitude

chaages,d) to rn a k e 'th e s tuU lig hrer an d th e v oice reso nan t,

' C ! I i ) Ij.t., :-. 'b . 0 - - ; ; ; 3 m '~~-.li"'ii'~fI ! J I i lnE.]]'!;;., . ..a.I,I"UV_.b) The spleen 'when t r w " g g e 1 ~ e d by hormone secretion.c) The 'L i ver and pancreas ,d) The liver and spleen.

a) used p i l imali y during day~~,g~rnjt .b) h~gblY'sens ~dve to co ~ourchanges.c) sensitive to m~cb lower ~igh~levels thalli the cone cells.d) eeuc entrated in the area of the 'foveal.

'1 1 6 - 2 4


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a) 'tile op ic nerve entry poi It.b) 'the fo ea,t) til e :rle~ina~opti cal focus point,d. 'the rod/cone balance point

2 ,. The effect. on an. in div i du al of smollting 20 cig arettes a day is to i .nc~e8 e '1:11e experience I'l ~ .tU tJ.'by:a . :2 '10 3 [~ hous and f e \@ t .b . 5 !~O'6 .thousand feet,e . A faetor of ' about 2 0 0 / 0 of the ambient pressure,d) 5 '~O',8 huru1ted. feet,

a) an improvemen I, in me abi i. ~ ofthe blood 'tOI c arry oxyg en ,b, ~ reduction i n ox y , s e m J l carrying c a p R C ~ L Y of the' blood due a its blocking action on the

diffusion of oxy gen throug h the' walls of '~e alveoli.c A . tamn~ and bl~.cbrmi,ngof the Iu n gIl ~ , I e a : d m g to a reduced l l " b w l i t y to a J ' n o w gas passagea cro ss th e hmg surface.d) A reduction in o xy ge n CB 'fT Y'~mBcapra.ci.~'of-the blood due b), th e much g rea se r I ff in jt y ofha -moglohln to c a m 1 b o n monoxide than to oxygen,

a '} .2 I, ,000 ft .b) ,]3.,7.00 ft .c I I ( ) 0 0 0 ft,d 40~nOO ft

5 .. The etteet ofan increasing altim de o n. t he gastro-intestinaltraet m a . y cause strle~,cllin,gof th e . .im i l~~bowe l ifgas ~51present. This possibil ~tytllay 'b e reduc ed by:I) l imiting the am ounts of liquids taken dUrina the 'f ] i'ght to su f f i c i eD~Ito 'relieve dryness 0

the m . o - u , m , .b) foUolwinl1 ]lre tyle 'w hich le ad s to regular bowel mevemeat,c) a!VQ'~diqbefore flight 'dte fo-odstuffs that cause the product ian of intestinal gases,d) 'taking mildantacid 'tab~letsw hen 'the probl em . 'first arises.


71/95


72/95

a) w ork ing in p a r a l l e l to achieve individual o b j e c t i v e s with indcpcn lent w m l i lunre hn cd a im s .b) susta ined cooperation on actions and the ' form ulation of cornminnenrs eonceru in~ n ~ W h ~

EI ,r.suuan ons,c) working in p a ra lle l to achieve one cornmon objective. with Indcp enden I ~nulspel" iI r I . .d

.aims.d) th e ap pl ieat ~,o,~of p!F.ncedum~1 knowl edge' in th e' conduct of spec ifC act io n s ,

a} descend. ' 1 . 0 a, Lower level w here m e symptoms "i!1'11di appear and continue the' nighl l ~ 1th i I S or a l ower leve ~.,

'b ) decrease th e eabi n 'p re ssure to relie ve th e symptems ..c) con tinue 'the' H ru g_h~ a r t a , l ower ~ ~ d ~ 1 L J , d eend c a r r y IQU~. exerc ise s to relic v e pai n j, n th e

a ffeeted si te ,d) land. ,8 S soon a s p o ss ible a nd seek medical assistance.

3 " ,A pi l o t can im prove the probab ility of detec ting o ther aircraft 'by:HI minimising the durH~ion of e ye re sts and m 1 l ] j a k ~ n , = ',~tmany ey e movements as p o s s i b l e :b m ov ing the b ead freq uen tly to a lt er t he apparen t motion of ~ny d'~'5tan~lobject .c) max im i ingtl~e' lim e spent IO()king rn n each se etor to allow rhe maxi mum ch ~U1ce 0 f

dele cting m e vem m,d m ain ta in ing as 'fa r a s possible B, lookout ahead of th e a irc ra ft 3. relying on peripheralvision to detect any movemen t from the side.

3) ~5Q;C tO I 30~C' w~th a, re lativ eh um id ity o f 4 (J I ~ , '6 0n /Db ) ~C " C to 2 : jOe with a re la ti v e ~ umid i ty 1 0f.20 =' 3 0 1 0 / Dc) ] 5~C bJI ] .lcr1C ' 'wUh a relative bumid it~yof 70- '00 /0d) 30i)C' lOI 40~C'""~thH rela '~iV~ humid w ty 1 0 1 f 30 - 400/0

a) tends to JDIDteth e' p ilo t a cc ep t inbrmat ien ' (hat conf i rms h i ' d iag no sis o f a situation an dr e jec t i nf o rma t ion that does not fit in to h is, theory.

b) M akes th e pilot look for the n . 1 O . s : ~p ro b ab le s olu tio n t o a p ro blem '~ oa vo id using th e fL1~~cheek ~ist.

r C ) W r u ~ ~ c a u se the P'~lo~~obelieve in a particu ar so luti on i if rh e other crew members agree~F r u t h hil~l",

d) s me reinforcement of any idea by any P , 8 S t t ex perience of ,~ ,similar problem.

16 - 27~


73/95

R jEV IS~DN IPAPIEIRS

a . ,ASI~ A_HfFD'I~ A L T - T ~'S lU ?'.b, A S ~ , ~ AH!FDI~, D I IR J v [L . F t _ 1 .I C ' ) AS:! .AfMfFDI AL,T~ D' " S ,d) ',S'I~ALT~D.vmS . R 1 V m l .

I. ) 50 'to 1 5 0 % , .b) 10 to ~.5%'.c) 2 . 0 'to 40%.d) 5 ' to ,8[%,.

I) 1 minute.b) 2 , '[0 ], min u te s.c) :, 5 to 7 5 seconds,d) about' 12 seconds.

:~'., The g restest seuree (J ' ]ocalpaci ' lmtion in flight is :a)m:o'tirnn, sicknes '.'tob) hei1u1 .attack or circulatory problems,C ') B 1 C U te gastre-enteriri s,d spatial di SOf~em~at~.on.

a .1 '[ he 'pu ~monary artery,b) direct diffu sion fro m, lthe in terior ofthe heart,c) the aortic a r c ' b md) the coronary arteries.

a)'b)c)d)

strokes,., a l , g l n a I J . coro :n 'a ry in farc ts ,[erne baemo,g lob ln ..poisoning.


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. man is cons ~d_red to - e oven eight ~fh~IS : 'ody M a ss lode .B1\~'~')i~0'" er:a 20.b . 2 5 .-0d) ]5~

2 '~,. Physic ~ tirnuli: c ived by th .1 msory orga s rna, be t . . .ed for a briefperi d I. j tiinpn t bas c. ased, The ' i' ual and aud itory sen ory ,I to r. ~ a re :I vi .ual - '.eho ie It1.CmOf}f ': ' r ing about 01 j to L s .' end.

- 1 J dito . - iconi , illmary ~asting up 0 ~auditory -- -chol~ I' a fug _ [0: e.. nds.vi ll~,~- ~I onic lastim I' .\ 5 [ ~ _eo d. I ~ . 1 '1 dVIOO - ~ onlC a tID , ~o . " co .audito ry - . ChOi~'C' ~ a 't in g 0 .,' t o . 1 s c ond, , s 1 U a ~ ~ i"nic las o n 3 t 4audi tory - eehnic .,b nil J '0 ':

_ 1_ s

Illlll . ' e ' III ff n'an, ar enera 1 'I y in esca a de,IDl,umaJ1. rrors e b avoid, d ..n will ho ever e ,t_ nd in g line S . lowed, and, xrremevigil ee,the in div id ua I 'V iew of safe 'y I I',gradua l~yli e Iaced t be. , i ' be I W - d tl at '"" _ iU b, P . ' r u b L tl' " ti t aU rFur

, ( ) ' unum sb)

HI 'w would one in t rpr t th ;: follow lng a tem en ~ :,C o n CH.U ot a aid. com mu n icaf 0;0~?) v ' 1 1 ' Il-tu t;~on requires cemmunicatk n..

D . c n I m ,1 u e n _ " ne ' I ~VD C , , I I . I1 j ~-fni,rI IEe Beinz , n 'ot or ~n: v. . Ire' [ In n-v rbal b ,--" ' 1 , - ur p tte iha t B _ meanin ful.d Dil' er n ee', in 1 nguage or uhur _ m a y prevent any mean in g fu I com rn u icarion.

i' n t _ff eted 'y the ani" ~0, new infob) is 0 ly r .'ta ined , el f' _ to ~'rnin u es,c can be ret ine - or I. n,g .. 'Ii d .) mu t be actively rehearsed to .n,'UN long term retentien,

. . 0 - ord ..~at~o S rvlc - Lirn1


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1m C ' v , , I j l lC ! , I I O ' , '"Nrl P i A , ' i I : ! ! I! j C ' R , II;!~E. ~II. .._'. J , ' . , FI:._ ..'~!

a,) dep ross ion . .b) anxiety and phobic states.c ) o bs ess io na l d i ,orde.r' , ' .d) schizophrenia or nlulfn ~'cdep res,s ,ion.

I) IS,S.~stW I D ]maintaining s p a t i a l o ri e n ta t io n .b) control motion l ; . m ekness,c) m ainta in vi ua l o r ien ta ti on.d) enhance' hearing ability, especially at high frequencies.

2'9., TIu:: amOU J1l1l 1of'stres experienced 'w~lh a pa rt ic u la r task is dependent on:

8 . ) 1 the actnal demand and the actual B 1 i J i J ~ ~ t y 0b) m e perce ~ v l e d Jdemand and [he aetual abi 1ity.e ,I ~'he'rtl{:tuallidemand and the perceived ability,d) die perceived demand and the perceived ability,

a) during periods of IIJ~farousal,b) during 'per~,od o'f high IriJlJlSa'~I~,I never,d) rluring periods of'boredom Of r~t]~e.


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I VIS I~DN [PAPER,S

L .,n indi idu ~ . 1 ho has cOl l s~uned ' moderat amoun ofale .- .l 3 J . Jonr 1 e .b) less JREM , s leep.c i:v \1 a e leep,d) sle p,

1 th e ~ct .0 U d b lO:"8. j1 obscure t " . "f h atb obseure h_ tlight i ns tr ume n ts ,~' I ob .. ure t h o undershoot .d all of ti t abo' e.In the late " " I a es of an approac . gr L111 p rox ;,m i .. js judge d by:a) colour and contra st o g r und fe tures'"b) .ition O~ th e airc a -. n: r lativ . t I -} ; ' . he izon,c) tex ture and rellJj e sp ee d. f ground e~lures.d 'o sitj, n 0 "lli .ircraft no e re lativ to the lsual ai in g point .

ic h 0_n n e 0 1 ow ing graphs repr _..ents the rela ion Ip between arousal and pe rfo rmance?a) Invi ned ""U"b to - - shapedc '~ ' . (6btrJ1er is iog l45" gled) S tra igh t lin . d lcendin,g at 4 5 , 0 'I~ n

,8 ~ Ig ham usal . rate ,b) ~.Il' ~j'~Oti als tatec n j~h _ rh'g []nI '~O' . m s a l state.d} both h igh and low a ro u sa l tal ~.0 O. in - a sudd ]ld e.' o mp . ssion at = 0, 000 feet he irne o f u .u~co nscious ess 11 uld b :

b))

d ' I I} .m in te s.

~ 1 1 6 - 31 eOxford AV!iiltiCIil Senlic . .Llrnl]


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a) one tba~is based on knowledge and e perienee,b) 'the' 'way m :hll I,checklist is aetioeed.e) one' that requires conscious ~ho~gh'~throughout ~ ts action,d ) one m~t is learned b y p ( r a c t i c ' e and repetition and which I J W J y b e : executed witbout

CO M scions thought,

a) m e cornea,b) the lens,Ie ] the iris,d) th e i ' l 1 terns 1 fluid in '[Il.e eyeball,

~ ) Poor I~Dlnl1l1Ullicn t ions are of litt'~,esignificance in 'i ncidents andaccidents,b) Coding ecrnmunication behavieur improves fl ight safety,IC~ h~LerpersoJud commnaicat lons har e little significance in the modern ceckpit as all

Sihuit~ol1. a re cover ed by manuals .d) , PnJ:bi\!tflS in ~llil~per. on;}I I relations between crew m em bers ham per their ecmmnaiearioa

pro es ',.

a) worse than tile group dec ision,b J better th an th 'group deci siotr,c) the same as th e IFOllJP decision~d o ) ex c lud ed fro m th e group deel s :~,on.

a) considered to be within th e norm al w eig ht range,b ) 1 cons idered to , b e ave rw e ight ,c) considered to ' bQ obese,d J I considered to be underweight ,

']2. Once an individual has 'made I,de

Book 08 - Human Performance & Limitations

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Transcript of Book 08 - Human Performance & Limitations