Bone Tissue Composition

Chapter 6

Bone Textures

• Compact bone– Dense _______________ layer

• Spongy (cancellous) bone– Honeycomb of trabeculae found at the bone

________________.

Structure of a Long Bone

• Diaphysis (shaft)– _______________ collar surrounds medullary

(marrow) cavity– Medullary cavity in ____________ contains fat

(yellow marrow)

Structure of a Long Bone

• Epiphyses– ____________– ____________ bone interior – Epiphyseal line (remnant of_______________) – Articular (hyaline) cartilage on _____________

Figure 6.3a-b

Proximalepiphysis

(b)

(a)

Epiphysealline

Articularcartilage

Periosteum

Spongy bone

Compact bone

Medullarycavity (linedby endosteum)

Compact bone

Diaphysis

Distalepiphysis

Membranes of Bone

• Periosteum– _______________ fibrous layer– Inner osteogenic layer

• Osteoblasts (bone-___________cells)• Osteoclasts (bone-____________cells)• Osteogenic cells (______________ cells)

– Nerve fibers, nutrient blood vessels, and lymphatic vessels enter the bone via nutrient foramina

– Secured to underlying bone by ____________fibers

Membranes of Bone

• Endosteum– Delicate membrane on ____________surfaces of

bone– Also contains osteoblasts and osteoclasts

Figure 6.3c

(c)

Yellowbone marrow

Endosteum

Compact bone

Periosteum

Perforating(Sharpey’s) fibers

Nutrientarteries

Structure of Short, Irregular, and Flat Bones

• Periosteum-covered ______________bone on the outside

• Endosteum-covered ______________bone within

• Spongy bone called diploë in flat bones • Bone marrow between the _______________.

Microscopic Anatomy of Bone

• Cells of bones– Osteogenic (osteoprogenitor) cells• Stem cells in ________________ and

_______________ that give rise to osteoblasts

– Osteoblasts• _______________________ cells

Microscopic Anatomy of Bone

• Cells of bone– ________________• Mature bone cells

– Osteoclasts• Cells that ____________________ (reabsorb) bone

matrix

Microscopic Anatomy of Bone: Compact Bone

• Haversian system, or osteon—structural unit- ________________________• Weight-bearing• Column-like matrix tubes

– _______________________• Contains blood vessels and nerves

Figure 6.6

Structuresin thecentralcanal

Artery withcapillaries

VeinNerve fiber

Lamellae

Collagenfibersrun indifferentdirections

Twistingforce

Microscopic Anatomy of Bone: Compact Bone

• Perforating (Volkmann’s) canals– At right angles to the central canal– Connects blood vessels and nerves of the

periosteum and central canal• Lacunae—small cavities that contain

osteocytes• Canaliculi—hairlike canals that connect

lacunae to each other and the central canal

Figure 6.7a-c

Endosteum lining bony canalsand covering trabeculae

Perforating (Volkmann’s) canal

Perforating (Sharpey’s) fibers

Periosteal blood vesselPeriosteum

Lacuna (withosteocyte)

(a)

(b) (c)

Lacunae

Lamellae

NerveVeinArtery

Canaliculi

Osteocytein a lacuna

Circumferentiallamellae

Osteon(Haversian system)

Central(Haversian) canal

Centralcanal

Interstitial lamellae

Lamellae

Compactbone

Spongy bone

Microscopic Anatomy of Bone: Spongy Bone

• ________________– Align along lines of stress– No osteons– Contain irregularly arranged lamellae, osteocytes,

and canaliculi– Capillaries in endosteum supply nutrients

Figure 6.3b

(b)

Lacunae

Lamellae

Nerve

Vein

Artery

Canaliculus

Osteocytein a lacuna

Centralcanal

Chemical Composition of Bone: Inorganic

• Hydroxyapatites (mineral salts)– _______________of bone by mass– Mainly _________________ phosphate crystals– Responsible for ___________ and _____________

to compression