Bone of Head and Neck-Dr MBA Block 6 Ok
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Transcript of Bone of Head and Neck-Dr MBA Block 6 Ok
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Anatomy of Bones of Skull andNeck
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The Axial Skeleton• Axial division
– Skull and associatedbones
• Auditory ossicles
• Hyoid bones
– Vertebral column – Thoracic cage
• Ribs sternum
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The Skull and Associated Bones
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The Adult Skull
•Skull (cranium) = 22 bones• Neurocranium = bones! "rontals# occi$ital#
tem$orals# $arietals# s$henoid and ethmoid
• %iscerocranium ("acial bones) = 1& bones!nasals# ma'illae# *omatics# mandible#
lacrimals# $alatines# in"erior nasal conchae#
+omer
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The adult skull
• Forms a larger cranial cavity also forms
the nasal cavity the orbits !aranasalsinuses"
• #andible and auditory ossicles are the
only movable skull bones• $ontains many holes for the !assage of
nerves and vessels % foramen&foramina
•Also' attach to membranes calledmeninges (stabili)e !ositions of thebrain blood vessels
• *uter surface !rovides large areas formuscle attachment that move the headDr MBA ,
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Sutures
• +mmovable ,oints• Form boundaries bet-een skull bones• Four main sutures
– $oronal
– Sagittal – .ambdoid – S/uamous – 0.1S lots of smaller sutures
• e"g Frontonasal• e"g" Tem!ero)ygomatic
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Skull' 0osterior Vie-• Occipital bone
• 0art of the base of the skull
• Surrounds the foramenmagnum
• Forms !art of the ,ugularforamen
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Mastoid notch
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•Parietal bones
/0art o" the su$erior and lateral sur"aces o" the cranium
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•Temporal bone
/orms all o" 4u*ular "oramen
/0etrous $art houses tm$anic ca+it
Auditor ossicles transmit sound to inner ear Dr MBA 15
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• Frontal bone
– Forms the forehead
– Roof of the orbit
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The *rbit
• *rbital com!lex
– Bony recess that holds the eye
– Seven bones
• Frontal bone
• .acrimal bones
• 0alatine bones
• 2ygomatic bones
•
3thmoid• S!henoid
• #axillae
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• Sphenoid bone – $ontributes to 4oor of cranium
– Bridges cranial and facial bones
– *!tic canal allo-s !assage of o!tic nerve
– 0terygoid !rocesses sites of muscleattachment
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• Ethmoid Bone – +rregularly sha!ed bone
– Forms !art of orbital -all
–
Forms roof of nasal cavity – $ribriform !late
– 0erforations for olfactorynerve
– 0er!endicular !late
– Nasal se!tumDr MBA 1,
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6ranial ossae
• 5e!ressions incranial 4oor
• Anterior cranialfossa – Frontal bone
ethmoid lesser-ings of s!henoid
• #iddle cranial fossa – S!henoid tem!oral
bones !arietal bones
• 0osterior cranialfossa – *cci!ital bone
tem!oral bones
!arietal bones Dr MBA 1-
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Bones of the Face• #axillae
– 0aired bone – .argest facial
bones
– Form u!!er ,a-
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• Mandible – 3ntire lo-er ,a-
– Articulates -ith tem!oralbone
– Tem!oromandibular ,oint
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• Nasal bones – 0aired bones
– Articulate -ith frontal bone
– 3xtend to su!erior border of external nares
• Vomer – Forms inferior !ortion of nasal se!tum
– Articulates -ith maxillae and !alatines
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• Inferior nasal concha
7 8ocated on each side o" nasal se$tum
7 9ncrease e$ithelial sur"ace
7 6reate turbulence in ins$ired air
• Zygomatic bone
7 Tem$oral $rocess articulates ith *omatic $rocess o" tem$oral bone 7 orms *omatic arch
• Lacrimal bones
7 Smallest bones in skull
7 orms nasolacrimal *roo+e leadin* to nasolacrimal canal 7 Deli+ers tears to nasal ca+it
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• 0alatine bones
– Small
– .(sha!ed
– Form !osterior !ortion ofhard !alate
– $ontribute to 4oor of orbit
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The Nasal $om!lex• Bones andcartilage thatenclose the
nasal cavity• Paranasal
sinuses – Hollo- air-ays
–Frontal boness!henoidethmoid andmaxillae
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The 0aranasal Sinuses
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The Hyoid Bone
• Sus!ended by stylohyoid ligaments
• $onsists of a body greater horns andlesser horns
• Base for muscles of the tongue andlarynx
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The Skulls of +nfants $hildrenand Adults
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Fontanels
• Fibrous connections
• 0ermit infant skulls to !ass throughbirth canal
• 0ermit the skulls of infants andchildren to continue gro-th
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• The "lat bones in the in"ant skull are
se$arated b "ontanels# hich allo "orcranial e'$ansion and the distortion o" the
skull durin* birth:
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Adult Vertebral $olumn
• 67 vertebrae – 68 individual vertebrae
– Sacrum
– $occyx• Seven cervical vertebrae
• T-elve thoracic vertebrae
•Five lumbar vertebrae
• Sacrum and coccyx are fused
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$ervical S!ine Anatomy
• 0rimary function
– #obility su!!ort and !rotectionof s!inal canal and neural
structures
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$ervical S!ine Anatomy
• Vertebrae 9:;• +ntervertebral discs
97;
• 0airs of exitingnerve roots 9 – #ost of the lordosis
occurs at the $?($6segment
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$ervical S!ine Anatomy
•A!!roximately @= of 4exion(extension motion occurs atocci!ut($?
• A!!roximately @= of rotation
occurs at $?($6
• .esser amounts of 4exion(extension rotation and lateral
bending occur segmentallybet-een $6($:
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$ervical S!ine Anatomy
• Aty!ical vertebral
• structure $? 9atlas;• Vertebral
canal&foramen
• Anterior arch
• Anterior tubercle
• Transverse !rocess
• 0osterior arch
• Transverseforamen
• .ateral mass
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Inferior
Superior
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$ervical S!ine Anatomy
• The odontoid!rocess of the axis
9$6; extendscranially to formthe axis of rotation
-ith atlas 9$?;
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S i l $
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S!inal $urvature• Four curvatures
– Thoracic 9!rimary;
– Sacral 9!rimary;
– .umbar 9secondary;
– $ervical 9secondary;
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The Tem!oromandibular oint
•#andibular fossa of tem!oral bone
• $ondylar !rocesses of mandible
• Thick articular disc
• Su!!orting structures
– 5ense ca!sule – Tem!oromandibular ligament
– Stylomandibular ligament
– S!henomandibular ligament
• .oose hinge ,oint
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+ntervertebral Articulations• Articular !rocesses
of ad,acentvertebrae
• Sym!hyseal ,ointsat bodies
• .igaments bindvertebrae
• 0ermits 4exionextension lateral
4exion rotation
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