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Types of Explosives

Introduction to Explosives

Low Explosives (Burns or Deflagrate)

High Explosives (Detonates or Explodes)

Velocity of Detonation:- Upto 31500 Km/Hr

Blast Pressure:- Upto 40,00,000 PSI

Heat Generated:- 4 to 5000 degree Celsius

During an Explosion

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Explosives Commonly Used

Gun Powder

Gelatin SticksTNTRDX,C/3,C/4

Nitroglycerine

PENTCortex

Semtex

Sulphur

Potassium Nitrate Lead Azide

Combinations of various chemicals & acids. viz.

Potassium Chlorate + Sugar + Sulphuric Acid

Types of Explosive Devices

Time Control Anti TiltAnti Lift

Speed ControlVibration

Anti RollLight Control Anti Operate

Anti Open

Release Pressure

Apply Pressure Remote

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Types of Bomb Threats

Specific

Non-Specific

Building is identified

Specific area/floor/department mentioned

Exact date /time is stated

If the above factors are not available or giventhen the threat can be classified as non specific.

These threats cannot be neglected, & a search of

the building is to be carried out as per procedure.

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Receipt of bomb threat

message. Tele/Written

Questioning techniqueBackground noise

Completion of bomb threat check list

Notification to Security

manager/control room

Inform superiorsAlert police/bomb squad

Medical/ambulanceNotify fire brigade Inform bomb threat committee

Assembly of bomb

threat committee

Senior managerPolice

Explosive expert

Alert search team

Evaluation

of bomb call

Assess credibility of messageRisk analysis

Evaluate threat Specific/nonspecific

Search Evacuation

Decide type of searchPosting of guide

Control evacuationAssembly area surveillance

Bomb not detected Bomb locatedComplete evacuation

Place sand bags

Await bomb squad

Disposal of bomb Decide RSP techniqueCollect evidence for investi ation

Bomb Threat Drill

InvestigationCharge-sheetConviction

Call off all

activities

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Search & Evacuation OptionsEvacuate all & search

Evacuate partially & searchSearch without evacuationSearch after evacuation

Fully evacuate & do not search

Search & Evacuation depends on:Number of hoax calls recently receivedLoss of man-hour & productionPossible injury to people during evacuationNumber of staff/customers to be evacuatedLoss of goodwill & subsequent loss of businessNumber of exit route & doorsProximity & danger to neighboring buildingsLiabilities in case explosion occurs

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Search Procedures

Entire building is to be searched looking

out for the following:-Loose switchboards & panelingUnusual or out of place objects

Loose electrical fittingsDisturbed carpetingScratch marks or fresh paintDusty footprintsNew brick work or plasteringGreasy paper packingTin foils, Batteries, Safety fuses & dirty ropesLoose wires or insulation piecesPartially open windows & drawers

Brick powder or saw dust

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Room Search Levels

First Sweep

Second Sweep

Third Sweep

Floor to Waist level

Waist to Head level

Head to Ceiling level

If the room has a false ceiling, an additional sweep

is to be carried out searching all electrical wires,

air-conditioning ducts & all such things between

false ceiling & the roof.

Additional Sweep

On completion of search, each room to be clearly

marked with bright coloured chalks indicating

search has been completed.

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Dos & Don'ts During Evacuation

Walk out in a quiet manner to assembly pointOpen all doors & windows

Help ladies/aged/handicapped while evacuationWait in the assembly area till further instruction

2Dont spread rumors & cause panic

Switch off all power supply before leavingCarry all personal belongings with you

2Dont run during evacuation2Dont use lifts

Follow instruction of marshal during evacuation

2Dont ask any questions to the marshals

Take head count & report shortfalls

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Letter/Book Bomb (Definition)

To injure or kill an individualTo terrorise or create panic in public

Dimensions3 Cms4X6

50 to 100 gms

Purpose

A letter/book designed to explode when opened,

causing serious injury or death to the person

opening it & could be fatal for any target.

ThicknessLength

Weight

3 - 412X8

300 to 400 gms

Letter Book

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How to Detect a Letter Bomb

Extra postage stampMisspelled nameSenders address not on the coverAddress with title only & no name

Excessively securedVisual distractionEnvelope with holesDiscolouration / oil stains

Smell of almondUneven / lopsided envelope

Envelopes marked Secret or ConfidentialHand written address

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Action on Locating Suspicious ObjectInform Control room & Security Manager

Evacuate to a safe distance (100 Meters)Open all doors & windows of that areaDont touch, open, move, tilt or roll the object

Place sand bags around the suspected object

Buttress Server/EDP & other sensitive roomsQuestioning employees of the area/investigationDont permit re-entry till area is declared safe

Inform Bomb squad, Fire Brigade, Ambulance

Dont accept anything on the face value

Handle the object alone if you are duty bound

Dont use Radio equipment or flashlight nearbyDont cut strings/wires or pass metallic objects

Dont be a DEAD HERO