Bolting Information pertaining to ASTM A193

32
ASTM A193 Quick Links Hex Bolts A193 All Thread Rod ASTM A194 Thread Pitch Chart Scope Originally approved in 1936, this specification is heavily utilized in petroleum and chemical construction applications. The ASTM standard covers alloy steel and stainless steel bolting materials for high temperature or high pressure service. This specification includes fasteners intended for use in pressure vessels, valves, flanges, and fittings. Although, this material is often available in national coarse (UNC) thread pitches , if being used in traditional applications, threads are specified 8 threads per inch (tpi) for diameters above one inch. Below is a basic summary of a few of the common grades. ASTM A193 covers a number of other standard specifications not covered in this description including B5, B6, and B16. Grades B7 Alloy steel, AISI 4140/4142 quenched and tempered B8 Class 1 Stainless steel, AISI 304, carbide solution treated. B8M Class 1 Stainless steel, AISI 316, carbide solution treated. B8 Class 2 Stainless steel, AISI 304, carbide solution treated, strain hardened B8M Class 2 Stainless steel, AISI 316, carbide solution treated, strain hardened

description

Images and charts representing standards and specifications of bolts and stud/nut combinations commonly used in the Oil and Gas industry. Data and charts, along with decriptions and dimentions of heavy hex bolts, heavy hex nuts, and stud bolts.

Transcript of Bolting Information pertaining to ASTM A193

Page 1: Bolting Information pertaining to ASTM A193

ASTM A193

Quick Links

Hex Bolts

A193 All Thread Rod

ASTM A194

Thread Pitch Chart

Scope

Originally approved in 1936, this specification is heavily utilized in petroleum and chemical construction

applications. The ASTM standard covers alloy steel and stainless steel bolting materials for high

temperature or high pressure service. This specification includes fasteners intended for use in pressure

vessels, valves, flanges, and fittings. Although, this material is often available in national coarse (UNC)

thread pitches, if being used in traditional applications, threads are specified 8 threads per inch (tpi) for

diameters above one inch.

Below is a basic summary of a few of the common grades. ASTM A193 covers a number of other

standard specifications not covered in this description including B5, B6, and B16.

Grades

B7 Alloy steel, AISI 4140/4142 quenched and tempered

B8 Class 1 Stainless steel, AISI 304, carbide solution treated.

B8M Class 1 Stainless steel, AISI 316, carbide solution treated.

B8 Class 2 Stainless steel, AISI 304, carbide solution treated, strain hardened

B8M Class 2 Stainless steel, AISI 316, carbide solution treated, strain hardened

Mechanical Properties

Grade Size Tensile ksi, min Yield, ksi, minElong, %,

minRA % min

B7

Up to 2-1/2 125 105 16 50

2-5/8 - 4 115 95 16 50

4-1/8 - 7 100 75 18 50

B8 Class 1 All 75 30 30 50

B8M Class All 75 30 30 50

Page 2: Bolting Information pertaining to ASTM A193

Grade Size Tensile ksi, min Yield, ksi, minElong, %,

minRA % min

1

B8 Class 2

Up to 3/4 125 100 12 35

7/8 - 1 115 80 15 35

1-1/8 - 1-1/4 105 65 20 35

1-3/8 - 1-1/2 100 50 28 45

B8M Class 2

Up to 3/4 110 95 15 45

7/8 - 1 100 80 20 45

1-1/8 - 1-1/4 95 65 25 45

1-3/8 - 1-1/2 90 50 30 45

Chemical Properties

Element B7 (AISI 4140)B8 (AISI

304)B8M (AISI 316)

Carbon 0.37 - 0.49% 0.08% max 0.08% max

Manganese 0.65 - 1.10% 2.00% max 2.00% max

Phosphorus, max

0.035% 0.045% 0.045%

Sulfur, max 0.040% 0.030% 0.030%

Silicon 0.15 - 0.35% 1.00% max 1.00% max

Chromium 0.75 - 1.20% 18.0 - 20.0% 16.0 - 18.0%

Nickel   8.0 - 11.0% 10.0 - 14.0%

Molybdenum 0.15 - 0.25%   2.00 - 3.00%

Recommended Nuts and Washers

Bolt Grade Nuts Washers

B7 A194 Grade 2H F436

B8 Class 1 A194 Grade 8 SS304

B8M Class 1A194 Grade

8MSS316

B8 Class 2 A194 Grade 8 SS304

B8M Class 2A194 Grade

8MSS316

Page 3: Bolting Information pertaining to ASTM A193

Hex Bolts

A307A F1554 A449 A354 F593 SAE J429

Hex bolts (six sided heads) are the industry standard for fasteners with forged heads. ASTM A307 grade A bolts, all SAE hex bolts, and several other common specifications require a standard (finished) hex head. For specifications such as A307 grade B, A325 and A490 that require a heavy hex pattern, refer to dimensional tolerances for heavy hex bolts or structural bolts.

Applications

Hex bolts can be used for many different applications that include fastening wood, steel, and other construction materials for projects such as docks, bridges, highway structures, and buildings. Hex bolts with forged heads are also commonly used as headed anchor bolts.

Manufacturing

Manufactured hex bolts from 1/2" diameter through 2-1/2" diameter in most ASTM, AASHTO, and SAE specifications

Standard Thread Length

Bolt lengths ≤ 6": Thread length = (2 X diameter) + 1/4"Bolt lengths > 6": Thread length = (2 X diameter) + 1/2"Note: Most stock hex bolts 10" and longer will have 6" of thread.

Dimensions

Page 4: Bolting Information pertaining to ASTM A193

Bolt Diameter

D F C H

Body Diameter Width Across Flats Width Across Corners Height

Max Basic Max Min Max Min Basic Max Min

3/8 0.388 9/16 0.562 0.544 0.650 0.620 1/4 0.268 0.226

1/2 0.515 3/4 0.750 0.725 0.866 0.826 11/32 0.364 0.302

5/8 0.642 15/16 0.938 0.906 1.083 1.033 27/64 0.444 0.378

3/4 0.768 1-1/8 1.125 1.088 1.299 1.240 1/2 0.524 0.455

7/8 0.895 1-5/16 1.312 1.269 1.516 1.447 37/64 0.604 0.531

1 1.022 1-1/2 1.500 1.450 1.732 1.653 43/64 0.700 0.591

1-1/8 1.149 1-11/16 1.688 1.631 1.949 1.859 3/4 0.780 0.658

1-1/4 1.277 1-7/8 1.875 1.812 2.165 2.066 27/32 0.876 0.749

1-3/8 1.404 2-1/16 2.062 1.994 2.382 2.273 29/32 0.940 0.810

1-1/2 1.531 2-1/4 2.250 2.175 2.598 2.480 1 1.036 0.902

1-3/4 1.785 2-5/8 2.625 2.538 3.031 2.893 1-5/32 1.196 1.054

2 2.039 3 3.000 2.900 3.464 3.306 1-11/32 1.388 1.175

2-1/4 2.305 3-3/8 3.375 3.262 3.897 3.719 1-1/2 1.548 1.327

2-1/2 2.559 3-3/4 3.750 3.625 4.330 4.133 1-21/32 1.708 1.479

Dimensions per ASME B18.2.1 1996

Page 5: Bolting Information pertaining to ASTM A193

Heavy Hex Bolts

A307B F1554 A325 A490 A193 A320

Several ASTM specifications require a hex head that is larger than a standard (finished) hex head. These

specifications include: A193, A320 and A307B. Although A325 and A490 bolts also require a heavy hex

head, please refer to Structural Bolts for dimensional specifications, since these bolts have shorter thread

lengths than standard heavy hex bolts.

Applications

Heavy hex bolts can be used for many different applications that include fastening wood, steel, and other

construction materials for projects such as docks, bridges, highway structures, and buildings. Heavy hex

bolts with forged heads are also commonly used as headed anchor bolts.

Manufacturing

Portland Bolt manufactures heavy hex bolts from 1/2" diameter through 2-1/2" diameter in most ASTM,

AASHTO, and SAE specifications. Special tooling can be created to produce nonstandard head

dimensions or bolt heads with your company's name and/or logo.

Standard Thread Lengths

Bolt lengths < 6": Thread length = (2 X diameter) + 1/4"

Bolt lengths > 6": Thread length = (2 X diameter) + 1/2"

Page 6: Bolting Information pertaining to ASTM A193

Dimensions

Bolt Diameter

D F C H

Body Diameter Width Across Flats Width Across Corners Height

Max Basic Max Min Max Min Basic Max Min

1/2 0.515 7/8 0.875 0.850 1.010 0.969 11/32 0.364 0.302

5/8 0.642 1-1/16 1.062 1.031 1.227 1.175 27/64 0.444 0.378

3/4 0.768 1-1/4 1.250 1.212 1.443 1.383 1/2 0.524 0.455

7/8 0.895 1-7/16 1.438 1.394 1.660 1.589 37/64 0.604 0.531

1 1.022 1-5/8 1.625 1.575 1.876 1.796 43/64 0.700 0.591

1-1/8 1.149 1-13/16 1.812 1.756 2.093 2.002 3/4 0.780 0.658

1-1/4 1.277 2 2.00 1.938 2.309 2.209 27/32 0.876 0.749

1-3/8 1.404 2-3/16 2.188 2.119 2.526 2.416 29/32 0.940 0.810

1-1/2 1.531 2-3/8 2.375 2.300 2.742 2.622 1 1.036 0.902

1-3/4 1.785 2-3/4 2.750 2.662 3.175 3.035 1-5/32 1.196 1.054

2 2.039 3-1/8 3.125 3.025 3.608 3.449 1-11/32 1.388 1.175

2-1/4 2.305 3-1/2 3.500 3.388 4.041 3.862 1-1/2 1.548 1.327

2-1/2 2.559 3-7/8 3.875 3.750 4.474 4.275 1-21/32 1.708 1.479

Dimensions per ASME B18.2.1 1996

Heavy Hex Nuts

Page 7: Bolting Information pertaining to ASTM A193

A563 A194 F594

ASTM A194 Nut Compatibility Chart

Grade of Bolt A194 Heavy Hex Nut Grade

A193 Grade B7 2H

A193 Grade B8 (Class 1 and 2) 8

A193 Grade B8M (Class 1 and 2) 8M

A320 Grade L7 4 or 7

A320 Grade B8 (Class 1 and 2) 8

A320 Grade B8M (Class 1 and 2) 8M

For Class 2 stainless steel grades, strain hardened nuts available as a supplementary requirement

Heavy hex nuts are slightly larger and thicker than standard (finished) hex nuts. There are numerous

grades and the heavy pattern is typically used for large diameter and high strength bolts. See the nut

compatibility chart above to determine the compatible heavy hex nut(s) for a specific grade of bolt. Since

hot-dip galvanizing typically adds 2.2 to 5 mils of thickness to the threaded portion of a fastener,

galvanized heavy hex nuts are tapped oversize to compensate for the corrosion resistant coating on the

bolts.

Stock

Diameters: 3/8" - 2-3/4"

Origin: Domestic and import

Finish: Black and hot-dip galvanized

Grades: A563 (grades A, C, and DH), A194 grade 2H

Dimensions

Page 8: Bolting Information pertaining to ASTM A193

Nominal Size

F C HWeight

Per Nut

Width Across Flats Width Across Corners Thickness

Basic Max Min Max Min Basic Max Min

3/8 11/160.68

80.669 0.794 0.763 23/64 0.377 0.341 0.03

1/2 7/80.87

50.850 1.010 0.969 31/64 0.504 0.464 0.07

5/8 1-1/161.06

21.031 1.227 1.175 39/64 0.631 0.587 0.12

3/4 1-1/41.25

01.212 1.443 1.382 47/64 0.758 0.710 0.20

7/8 1-7/161.43

81.394 1.660 1.589 55/64 0.885 0.833 0.30

1 1-5/81.62

51.575 1.876 1.796 63/64 1.012 0.956 0.43

1-1/8 1-13/161.81

21.756 2.093 2.002 1-7/64 1.139 1.079 0.59

1-1/4 22.00

01.938 2.309 2.209 1-7/32 1.251 1.187 0.79

1-3/8 2-3/162.18

82.119 2.526 2.416 1-11/32 1.378 1.310 1.02

1-1/2 2-3/82.37

52.300 2.742 2.622 1-15/32 1.505 1.433 1.31

1-5/8 2-9/162.56

22.481 2.959 2.828 1-19/32 1.632 1.556 1.62

1-3/4 2-3/4 2.75 2.662 3.175 3.035 1-23/32 1.759 1.679 2.04

Page 9: Bolting Information pertaining to ASTM A193

Nominal Size

F C HWeight

Per Nut

Width Across Flats Width Across Corners Thickness

Basic Max Min Max Min Basic Max Min

0

1-7/8 2-15/162.93

82.844 3.392 3.242 1-27/32 1.886 1.802 2.41

2 3-1/83.12

53.025 3.608 3.449 1-31/32 2.013 1.925 2.99

2-1/4 3-1/23.50

03.388 4.041 3.862 2-13/64 2.251 2.155 4.19

2-1/2 3-7/83.87

53.750 4.474 4.275 2-29/64 2.505 2.401 5.64

2-3/4 4-1/44.25

04.112 4.907 4.688 2-45/64 2.759 2.647 7.38

3 4-5/84.62

54.475 5.340 5.102 2-61/64 3.013 2.893 9.50

3-1/4 55.00

04.838 5.774 5.515 3-3/16 3.252 3.124 11.94

3-1/2 5-3/85.37

55.200 6.207 5.928 3-7/16 3.506 3.370 15.26

3-3/4 5-3/45.75

05.562 6.640 6.341 3-11/16 3.760 3.616 18.12

4 6-1/86.12

55.925 7.073 6.755 3-15/16 4.014 3.862 21.80

Dimensions per ASME B18.2.2 1987 (1999)

Page 10: Bolting Information pertaining to ASTM A193

Standard Thread Pitches

Thread series cover designations of diameter/pitch combinations that are measured by the number of

threads per inch (TPI) applied to a single diameter.

Coarse Thread Series (UNC/UNRC) is the most common designation for general application bolts and

nuts. Coarse thread is beneficial, because they are less likely to cross thread, more tolerant in adverse

conditions and facilitate quick assembly.

Fine Thread Series (UNF/UNRF) is commonly used in precision applications. Because of the larger

tensile stress areas, they have high tension strength. However, a longer engagement is required for fine

thread applications than for coarse series threads to prevent stripping.

8 - Thread Series (8UN) is the specified thread forming method for several ASTM standards including

A193 B7, A193 B8/B8M, and A320. This series is used for diameters one inch and above.

Page 11: Bolting Information pertaining to ASTM A193

Coarse Thread Series - UNC Fine Thread Series - UNF 8-Thread Series - 8UN

Nominal Size and

Threads Per In.

Basic Pitch Dia.

Section at

Minor Dia.

Tensile

Stress Area

Nominal Size and

Threads Per In.

Basic Pitch Dia.

Section at

Minor Dia.

Tensile

Stress Area

Nominal Size and

Threads Per In.

Basic Pitch Dia.

Section at

Minor Dia.

Tensile

Stress Area

In. Sq in. Sq in. In. Sq in. Sq in. In. Sq in. Sq in.

3⁄8 - 160.334

40.0678 0.0775 3⁄8 - 24

0.3479

0.0809 0.0878 --    -- -- -- --

7⁄16 - 140.391

10.0933 0.1063 7⁄16 - 20

0.4050

0.1090 0.1187 --    -- -- -- --

1⁄2 - 130.450

00.1257 0.1419 1⁄2 - 20

0.4675

0.1486 0.1599 --    -- -- -- --

9⁄16 - 120.508

40.162 0.182 9⁄16 - 18

0.5264

0.189 0.203 --    -- -- -- --

5⁄8 - 110.566

00.202 0.226 5⁄8 - 18

0.5889

0.240 0.256 --    -- -- -- --

3⁄4 - 100.685

00.302 0.334 3⁄4 - 16

0.7094

0.351 0.373 --    -- -- -- --

7⁄8 - 90.802

80.419 0.462 7⁄8 - 14

0.8286

0.480 0.509 --    -- -- -- --

1 - 80.918

80.551 0.606 1 - 12

0.9459

0.625 0.663 1 - 80.918

80.551 0.606

11⁄8 - 71.032

20.693 0.763 11⁄8 - 12

1.0709

0.812 0.856 11⁄8 - 81.043

80.728 0.790

11⁄4 - 71.157

20.890 0.969 11⁄4 - 12

1.1959

1.024 1.073 11⁄4 - 81.168

80.929 1.000

13⁄8 - 61.266

71.054 1.155 13⁄8 - 12

1.3209

1.260 1.315 13⁄8 - 81.293

81.155 1.233

11⁄2 - 61.391

71.294 1.405 11⁄2 - 12

1.4459

1.521 1.581 11⁄2 - 81.418

81.405 1.492

--    -- -- -- -- --    -- -- -- -- 15⁄8 - 81.543

81.68 1.78

13⁄4 - 51.620

11.74 1.90 --    -- -- -- -- 13⁄4 - 8

1.6688

1.98 2.08

--    -- -- -- -- --    -- -- -- -- 17⁄8 - 81.793

82.30 2.41

2 - 41⁄21.855

72.30 2.50 --    -- -- -- -- 2 - 8

1.9188

2.65 2.77

21⁄4 - 4-1⁄2

2.1057

3.02 3.25 --    -- -- -- -- 21⁄4 - 82.168

83.42 3.56

21⁄2 - 42.337

63.72 4.00 --    -- -- -- -- 21⁄2 - 8

2.4188

4.29 4.44

23⁄4 - 42.587

64.62 4.93 --    -- -- -- -- 23⁄4 - 8

2.6688

5.26 5.43

3 - 42.837

65.62 5.97 --    -- -- -- -- 3 - 8

2.9188

6.32 6.51

31⁄4 - 4 3.087 6.72 7.10 --    -- -- -- -- 31⁄4 - 8 3.168 7.49 7.69

Page 12: Bolting Information pertaining to ASTM A193

Coarse Thread Series - UNC Fine Thread Series - UNF 8-Thread Series - 8UN

Nominal Size and

Threads Per In.

Basic Pitch Dia.

Section at

Minor Dia.

Tensile

Stress Area

Nominal Size and

Threads Per In.

Basic Pitch Dia.

Section at

Minor Dia.

Tensile

Stress Area

Nominal Size and

Threads Per In.

Basic Pitch Dia.

Section at

Minor Dia.

Tensile

Stress Area

In. Sq in. Sq in. In. Sq in. Sq in. In. Sq in. Sq in.

6 8

31⁄2 - 43.337

67.92 8.33 --    -- -- -- -- 31⁄2 - 8

3.4188

8.75 8.96

33⁄4 - 43.587

69.21 9.66 --    -- -- -- -- 33⁄4 - 8

3.6688

10.11 10.34

4 - 43.837

610.61 11.08 --    -- -- -- -- 4 - 8

3.9188

11.57 11.81

Fastener Identification Markings Bolt Strength Requirements

Grade Marking

Specification

Material and

Treatment

Nominal Size (In.)

Mechanical PropertiesHardness Rockwell

Proof

LoadMin(ksi)

YieldStrengt

hMin(ksi)

TensileStrengt

hMin(ksi)

Elong % Min

[9]

RA % Min

[10]

Min

Max

Page 13: Bolting Information pertaining to ASTM A193

SAE J429Grade 1

Low or Medium Carbon Steel

1⁄4" - 11⁄2" 33 36 60 18 35 B70B10

0

A307Grade A

1⁄4" - 4"

-</< td>

- 60 18 - B69B10

0

A307Grade B

- -60 min

100 max18 - B69 B95

One End Green

A307Grade C [7] - 36

58 min80 max

23 - - -

One End Blue

F1554Grade 36

- 3658 min80 max

23 40 - -

One End Yellow

F1554Grade 55

1⁄4" - 2"

- 5575 min95 max

21 30

- -

21⁄4"- 21⁄2" 21 22

23⁄4" - 3" 21 20

31⁄4" - 4" 21 18

SAE J429Grade 2 [8]

1⁄4" - 3⁄4"

7⁄8" - 11⁄2"

55

33

57

36

74

60

18

1835

B80

B70

B100

B100

A193/A320Grade B8Class 1

AISI SS304 Stainless

No Restriction

s

- 30 75 30 50 - B96

Page 14: Bolting Information pertaining to ASTM A193

A193/A320Grade B8M

AISI SS316 Stainless

Steel

A325Type 1

Medium Carbon

Steel, Q & T 1⁄2" - 1"

11⁄8" - 11⁄2"

85

74

92

81

120

10514 35

C24

C19

C35

C31

A325Type 3

Atmospheric Corrosion

Resistant Steel, Q & T

SAE J429Grade 5

Medium Carbon

Steel, Q & T

1⁄4" - 1"

11⁄8" - 11⁄2"

85

74

92

81

120

10514 35

C25

C19

C34

C30

 

A449Type 1

1⁄4" - 1"

11⁄8" - 11⁄2"

15⁄8" - 3"

85

74

55

92

81

58

120

105

90

14 35

C25

C19

B91

C34

C30

B100

 

A449Type 3

Weathering Steel, Q &

T

1⁄4" - 1"

11⁄8" - 11⁄2"

15⁄8" - 3"

85

74

55

92

81

58

120

105

90

14 35

C25

C19

B91

C34

C30

B100

A193Grade B7

Medium Carbon

Alloy Steel,

Q & T

1⁄4" - 21⁄2"

25⁄8" - 4"

41⁄8" - 7"

-

105

95

75

125

115

100

16

16

18

50

50

50

-

C35

C35

C35

A354Grade BC

1⁄4" - 21⁄2"

25⁄8" - 4"

105

95

109

94

125

115

16

16

50

45

C26

C22

C36

C33

One End Red

F1554Grade 105

1⁄4" - 3" - 105125 min150 max

15 45 - -

Page 15: Bolting Information pertaining to ASTM A193

A320Grade L7

AISI 4140, 4142, or

4145

1⁄4" - 21⁄2" - 105 125 16 50 - -

A320Grade L43

AISI 4340 1⁄4" - 4" - 105 125 16 50 - -

A490Type 1

Medium Carbon

Alloy Steel,

Q & T1⁄2" - 11⁄2" 120 130

150 min173 max

14 40 C33 C38

A490Type 3

Atmospheric Corrosion

Resistant Steel, Q & T

SAE J429Grade 8 Medium

Carbon Alloy Steel,

Q & T

1⁄4" - 11⁄2" 120 130 150 12 35 C33 C39

A354Grade BD [6]

1⁄4" - 21⁄2"

25⁄8" - 4"

120

105

130

115

150

14014 40

C33

C31

C39

C39

1. All specifications are ASTM unless otherwise noted.

2. All specifications shall be marked by the manufacturer with a unique identifier to identify the

manufacturer or private label distributor, as appropriate.

3. Q & T - Quenched and Tempered.

4. Although markings are shown on hex heads, stamping is a requirement on one end of rods and

studs. The exception is F1554 and A307 grade C in which stamping is a supplemental

requirement while color coding is required.

5. Although markings are shown on hex heads, grade markings apply equally to products with other

head configurations.

6. All Grade BD products shall be marked "BD". In addition to the "BD" marking, the product may be

marked with 6 radial lines 60° apart.

7. ASTM A307 grade C has been replaced by ASTM F1554 grade 36.

Page 16: Bolting Information pertaining to ASTM A193

8. Grade 2 requirements for diameters ranging from 1/4" through 3/4" only apply to headed

fasteners up to and including 6" in length, and to studs of all lengths. For headed fasteners longer

than 6", see SAE J429 grade 1.

9. Percent Elongation

10. Percent Reduction of Area

"-" = no requirement.

Hex Bolts vs. Hex Cap Screws

What are the differences between a hex cap screw and a hex bolt?

These terms are often incorrectly used interchangeably. The variations between these fasteners are fairly

significant both from a manufacturing perspective and application standpoint. Generally speaking, hex

cap screws are used in precise applications like an OEM setting where tight tolerances are required. Hex

bolts are often specified when the mechanical properties are more important than dimensional tolerances,

like the construction industry. For example, SAE J429 Grade 2 is typically provided as a hex cap screw,

whereas ASTM A307-A is a common hex bolt specification.

Below is an overview of some of the specifics these fasteners are required to meet.

Page 17: Bolting Information pertaining to ASTM A193

Hex cap screws

Flat washer facing under the head that meet specific tolerances as described under ASME

B18.2.1-1996.

They will usually be manufactured by a cold-heading process (large runs of standard sizes) or

turned CNC operation.

A radius under the head at the shank.

Body diameter of plus nothing, minus .011″ for an 1-1/4″ diameter fastener.

Some common fastener specifications unless otherwise specified: ASTM A449 and SAE J429

Grade 2, 5, and 8.

Hex bolts

A die seam across the bearing surface is permissible.

The typical bolt is manufactured by hot-forging process.

Allows a reduced body diameter to be not less than the minimum pitch diameter of the thread.

Some common fastener specifications unless otherwise specified: ASTM A307-A, A354, and

F1554.

This list is not inclusive, but represents some of the differences between these two designations.

High Pressure Bolting – Studs

First to First Stud bolts for High Pressure Temperature Piping

Page 18: Bolting Information pertaining to ASTM A193

REFERENCEStud bolts for pressure-temperature applications conform to the requirements of ANSI/ASME B16.5, Steel Pipe Flanges and Flanged Fittings.

LENGTH-FIRST TO FIRSTThe length of stud bolt, measured parallel to the axis, is the distance from first thread to first thread. First thread is defined as the intersection of the major diameter of the thread with the base of the point. Please see the drawing above-this is confusing to most users!! Stud bolts are normally available in 1/4 inch length increments. Length tolerances, all stud bolt sizes, shall be as tabulated below:

Length, in. Length Tolerance, in.to 12                           +/-0.062

over 12 to 18          +/-0.125

over 18                      +/-0.250

POINTSPoints shall be flat and chamfered, or sheared at option of the manufacturer. When points are flat and chamfered, the diameter of the flat shall not exceed the minor diameter of the thread, and shall be not less than one or more than two complete threads as measured from the extreme end parallel to the axis.

THREADSThreads shall be Unified inch coarse thread series (UNC), Class 2A, for all stud bolt sizes 1 in. and smaller, and Unified inch 8 thread series (8 UN), Class 2A, for all stud bolts larger than 1 in., in accordance with ANSI/ASME B1.1. Acceptability of screw threads shall be determined based on ANSI/ASME B1.3.

MATERIALChemical and mechanical requirements shall be specified by the purchaser and shall be in accordance with applicable ASME, ASTM, and ANSI codes and specifications current at the time of ordering.

DESIGNATIONIt is recommended that stud bolts be designated in the following sequence: product name, nominal size, threads per inch, length, material, and protective finish, if required.

Example: ANSI/ASME B16.5 stud bolt,5/8-11 x 3-1/2, ASTM A193, Grade B7, Zinc & Clear Chromate Plated

Bolting And Ring Gasket Requirements

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ASME/ANSI B16.5 – 1996 – Pipe Flanges and Flanged Fittings

The ASME B16.5 – 1996 Pipe Flanges and Flange Fittings, flange bolt and gasket standard covers pressure-temperature ratings, materials, dimensions, tolerances, marking, testing, and methods of designating openings for pipe flanges and flanged fittings.

The standard includes flanges with rating class designations 150, 300, 400, 600, 900, 1500, and 2500 in sizes NPS 1/2 through NPS 24, with requirements given in both metric and U.S units. The Standard is limited to flanges and flanged fittings made from cast or forged materials, and blind flanges and certain reducing flanges made from cast, forged, or plate materials. Included in this Standard are requirements and recommendations regarding flange bolting, flange gaskets, and flange joints. The standard covers the required number of bolts, diameter of the stud bolts, length of stud bolts and ring size in R, 1RF, RTJ, and RX  gaskets.

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Page 21: Bolting Information pertaining to ASTM A193
Page 22: Bolting Information pertaining to ASTM A193

TORQUE FOR FLANGE BOLTING (B7/L7 STUDS)*

ANSI / API 6A / ISO 10423:2003 Feb. 1, 2005

ASTM A193 Grade B7 Tensile and Yield Strength2 1/2″ and under – tensile 125 ksi; yield strength 105 ksiOver 2 1/2″ to 4″ – tensile 115 ksi; yield 95 ksiOver 4″ to 7″ – tensile 100; yield 75 ksi ASTM A320 L7 Tensile and Yield StrengthOnly covers 2 1/2″ and under - tensile 125 ksi; yield strength 105 ksiSource: API 6-A, 19th Appendix D, Table D1 &D2

Stud Diameter Tension PTFE Coated Bolt coefficient of Friction Plain Bolt coefficient of Friction

Size Ibf Torque Torque Torque Torque

Inch Nm Ft. lbs Nm Ft. lbs

f=0.07 f=0.07 f=0.13 f=0.13

1/2″ 7450 48 35 80 59

5/8″ 11865 92 68 155 115

3/4″ 17559 160 118 270 200

7/8″ 24241 253 188 429 319

1″ 31802 376 279 639 474

1 1/8″ 41499 540 401 925 686

1 1/4″ 52484 745 553 1285 953

1 3/8″ 64759 996 739 1727 1281

1 1/2″ 78322 1297 962 2261 1677

1 5/8″ 93173 1653 1226 2894 2146

1 3/4″ 109313 2069 1534 3636 2696

1 7/8″ 126741 2549 1890 4493 3332

2″ 145458 3097 2297 5476 4061

2 1/4″ 186758 4418 3276 7851 5822

2 1/2″ 233212 6068 4500 10828 8030

2 5/8″ 233765 6394 4716 11429 8430

2 3/4″ 257694 7354 5424 13168 9712

3″ 309050 9555 7047 17156 12654

3 1/4″ 365070 12154 8965 21878 16136

3 3/4″ 491099 18685 13782 33766 24905

3 7/8″ 525521 20620 15208 37293 27506

4″ 561108 22683 16730 41057 30282

*This chart is for general practice purposes only and should not be in the engineering or design of any products. The most current edition of the API specification may be obtained on the API

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Standards website to make sure you have the most current edition of API 6A. For most the accurate references in critical situations torque values should be replaced with field measured tension values. Accurate stud tension is difficult to attain using torque, because friction has a significant effect on the torque–tension relationship. Any thread damage (however minor), additional lubrication, or standard deviations within the range can change friction and thereby the expected outcome.

B7M BoltsFebruary 19, 2010 by Sigma Fasteners · Leave a Comment 

ASTM A193 Grade B7M Bolt

B7M Studs

Bolt Description:

B7M bolts for High Temperature and/or High Pressure service are modified in our tempering furnace to meet the ASTM A193 /A193M  –  B7M standard for bolting covering both metric and inch bolting products. The A193 B7M standard covers threaded rod, bolts, studs, and stud bolts.  In accord with the A193 standard the final modification is the tempering at 1150° F minimum performed after all machining, roll threading and any type of cutting. The tempering furnace recording chart is kept on record with your order maintaining complete traceability of your final product. Tensile and 100% hardness records are also available and kept with your order.

Typical Usage:

Typical use for B7M bolting includes sour gas service where Hydrogen Sulfide gas exposure may lead to Hydrogen embrittlement problems in hard alloys.

Product marking:

All B7M bolting which has been 100% hardness tested must be marked B7M and will have the Sigma Trademarked S for manufacturer’s identification.

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Testing:

B7M bolts are 100% indentation hardness tested to ensure conformance to the standard. Tensile Tests are performed after tempering.

Nuts:

ASTM A194 2HM heavy hex nuts are most commonly used with ASTM A193 B7M bolts.

Xylan Coated Bolts

Coated Stud Bolts

Xylan Coated Stud Bolts

Xylan 1010, 1070, 1014, 1052 and now 1424 have been used as bolt coatings for almost a quarter century now. Most major Oil and Chemical Companies recognizing that maintenance is a huge issue have made coated bolt specifications for bolted high pressure flange connections. The various properties on the Xylan give excellent make up and brake out torque and reduce the need for high risk cutting torches or high cost bolt cutting when maintenance is required.

Xylan 1014 in bolt coatings used for its good lubricity, chemical and abrasion resistance.

Xylan 1052 for coated bolts used for its excellent lubricity.

Xylan 1070 and 1010 where the pioneers in the field – used for the lubricity and chemical inertness.

With VOCs an ever present issue these days Whitford has made a low VOC version 1424 which Sigma applies to achieve the results need in a coated bolt connection and to stay complaint in a green economy.

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Xylan coated bolts come in many tints and the coated bolts are often coordinated with standard corporate color branding schemes. While very light shades are possible most of the popular hues range from a Dark Yellow to black with Reds and Blues and greens being the most widespread.

Stud Bolts

Stud Bolts

Stud bolts are available in ASTM Grades B7, L7, B16, B16M, L7M, B8, 660 and B8M; they are also available exotic metals such as Monel, Titanium, Inconel, Alloy 20, and Hastelloy, 17-4PH. These studs are also available with industrial coatings such as SermaGard, Xylan, PTFE, Fluoropolymers and other coatings.

Stud Bolts for Pressure-Temperature Piping

Continuous Thread Studs (Fully Threaded Studs)

Stud bolts are threaded end to end and are often used for flange bolting with two nuts on either end.

There are two types of these studs.

Type one – usually for general purpose; the length of stud is measured from end to end. Threads are UNRC-2A.

Type two – studs for high temperature pressure piping. These studs are made to dimensional standard requirements of ANSI B16.5 the length of this stud is measured from first thread to first thread, exclusive of points. Threads are UNRC-2A for sizes 1 inch and under and 8 UNR-2A for sizes over 1 inch. The length of stud bolt, measured parallel to the axis, is the distance from first thread to first thread. First thread is defined as the intersection of the major diameter of the thread with the base of the point.

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L7M Bolts

ASTM L7M Custom Bolts

ASTM A320 Grade L7M bolting is designed for low temperature sour gas service where there is high concentration of Hydrogen Sulfide gases present in production situation. Per the specification at Sigma Fasteners we have our own heat treating furnace and hardness testing equipment for onsite L7M modification and hardness testing. All L7M bolts require 100% hardness testing