Boiler - & WH labelling and European directive EuP

EUROPEAN COMMISSION, DG TREN, UNIT D3 ECODESIGN OF EUP, Lot 2, BRUSSELS, 8.7.2008 1 ECODESIGN OF EUP, Lot 2, BRUSSELS, 8.7.2008

Boiler- & WH labelling and European directive EuP

Ecodesign of EuP

Lot 2: Dedicated Water Heaters

EUROPEAN COMMISSIONDirectorate-general for Energy and TransportUnit D3, Energy Efficiency

WD: Annex IV

EUROPEAN COMMISSION, DG TREN, UNIT D3 ECODESIGN OF EUP, Lot 2, BRUSSELS, 8.7.2008

Annex IV

A. DefinitionsB. Data ReportC. Reference ConditionsD. Shared ParametersE. Water Heating ModelF. Direct Testing MethodsG. Examples Direct Test MethodsH. Definition Smart ControlI. General Direct Method (void)J. Items not coveredK. List of parametersL. References


Annex B: Data Report

ID & Select waterload

InputsDirect Method

InputsIndirect Method

Qfuel , Qelec

solar

back-up

waterload

Outputs

heat pump

smart control

parametersdistribution loss & WH recovery

efficiency


Test Methods WH [1]

“Waterload” (param. 11. self-declaration within limits Annex I WD) defines appropriate test tapping cycle Table C4.

Direct Method: measures energy consumption during an appropriate 24h test tapping cycle. Qfuel and/or Qelec are a direct outcome. To be used for all conventional WH, optional for most WH with renewables, except with CO2 heat pump, where it is the only alternative. (based on EN 13203-2, prEN 50440, EN 255-3, prEN 13203-3, EN 12975-2 & industry proposals )

Indirect Method: Optional for WH with renewables. Measures relevant parameters of components --collector, tank, HP, back up heater-- and then derives the energy consumption with the chosen tapping cycle through calculation (monthly calculation as EN 15316-4-2, EN 15316-4-3).


Test Methods WH [2]

Why Indirect Method still needed?

For solar or HP assisted combi the only alternative level playing field.

For some configurations no direct method (yet) defined.

Smart control (13.1): 10% bonus if WH complies with conditions in Annex H

Waste Heat Recovery: %% determined by noisew [13.2], airintake [7.1], boilpos[7.2], volumeb[7.3]. Lookup in Annex D. Absolute value of envelope losses fossil-fuel WH determined by subtracting flue gas losses from total. Flue gas losses from ηcomb [14.1], Tflue [14.2] and dpt [6.2].

Distribution Losses: kWh/a determined by airintake [7.1] and volumeb[7.3]. Look up table in Annex E.


Test Methods WH [3]

Why Distribution losses and WHR in EuP?

Avoids having to deal with it in EPB and/or specific legislation (DG ENV).

Validates and quantifies for designers directly and clearly the advantage of certain design features like compactness, low noise, room sealed, placement in/outdoors.

Exception: Centralized WH systems: See Annex III of WD. EuP just takes into account distribution losses and WHR at the level of individual dwellings. Extra losses for centralized systems have to be taken into account in EPB. Methodology e.g. as indicated by ItG.


Load profiles water heating

4772391198469271062max.single tap (l)

96481610106542max.flow (l/min, 60ºC)

4XL3XLXXLXLLMSXSXXS

20555102775355418725621285465461461Qload in kWh/a 8x’M’ 16x’M’

55ºC35ºC40ºC

55ºC

55ºC

55ºC55ºC

55ºC

55ºC

Derived from prEN 50440 “electric storage” and EN 13203-2/3 “gas/solar

Kitchen tappings (oC)ShowerBathBath+shower (simult.)

55ºC


Test Procedure Direct Method (except EIWH)

1. Define energy input(s)2. Define general test conditions 3. Solar only (optional): Perform collector tests inputs solar collector

simulator4. Define “zero load” stable condition of WH (check with test)5. Perform tapping cycle:

a. Bring WH in stable zero load condition (check!) Or measure “zero load” WH energy content (large draw-off TDHW = Tcold ±1)

b. Perform 24h tapping cycle, measure energy (elec and/or fossil), TDHW, Flowrate, Tcold, time. Assess appropriate useful kWh per draw-off (±2%) by repetitive tests and/or predict on-the-fly from preceding T-curve.

c. Return WH to stable zero load condition (check!) OR measure remaining energy content (large draw-off)

6. Report energy use tapping cycle, corrected for possible deviations ina. Energy input & test conditions b. WH energy content before/afterc. Useful energy output (actual vs. required according to Table C4)


Test Procedure Direct Method EIWH

EIWH (Electric Instantaneous Water Heater):1. Energy input(s) and general test conditions as before2. Derive tapping cycle energy use from measuring:

a. Static loss Ploss_max at steady-state max. load Pstatic_max. (electricity in, electric power over heating element out) after 30 min. Of operation.

b. For part load: determine static power Pstatic for each type of tappingc. Start-up time tstart to reach useful water temperature for each tapping

(mean of at least 3 tests per tapping) at prescribed flow rate

3. Report energy use tapping cycle, assuming that a. Ploss is linearly proportional to Pstatic and b. Power consumption during tstart is equal to Pstatic for that specific

draw-off

Note 1: Does not apply to electric showersNote 2: If EIWH has energy consumption in between tappings (standby energy)

>1% of 24h total, then this has to be added to fulfill the essential requirements


Example “M” tapping profile’ (Qref= 5,845 kWh/d)

55ºC

55ºC

40ºC

Tm=40°C 6 l/min Tm=40°C

6 l/min

3,6 l/minTm=10 °C

3,6 l/minTm=10 °C

Tm=10 °C Unless indicated otherwise Tm=25 °C Flow 3 l./min

55ºC= peak T 55 oC

Tm= minimum T before ‘useful


Definition Energy Input: Conventional

gas

oil

electric

Definition test gases in Gas Appliances Directive (GAD) 90/396/EEC1st family: G110-G1502nd family: G20 – G 25 (15 °C, 1013,25 mbar)3rd family: G30-G35

Heating gas oil: 0,86 C, 0,136 H, 0,002 S in kg/kgVolumetric mass ρ15 at 15 °C: 0,85 kg/dm³Net calorific value (NCV) Hi= 42,689 MJ/kgKerosene: 0,85 C, 0,141 H, 0,004 S in kg/kgDensity ρ15 at 15 °C: 0,79 kg/dm³Net calorific value (NCV) Hi= 43,300 MJ/kgN-fraction: between 70-200 mg/kg (for Nox correct to 140 mg/kg)

Voltage 230 V ±1% (0,2% during 1 test), 50 Hz ±1%, power ±0,5%,elapsed time ± 0,1 s


Definition Energy Input: Solar (Direct Method)

solar


Definition Energy Input: Heat Pump (Direct Method)

ambientOutside air10,5 °C ±1K/ ±0,3K/ ±0,2KExhaust air20 °C (with cap)

Brine2,5 °C ±0,5K/ ±0,2K/ ±0,1K

Water11,5 °C ±0,5K/ ±0,2K/ ±0,1K

NOTE: first ± value is permissible deviation of individual test values from set values. Second ± value is permissible deviation of arithmic mean of test values from set valuesThird ± value is accuracy of measurement.


Definition test conditions

• Tambient: 20 °C ±2K• Tcold water: 10 °C ±2K• Flow rate: ± 1% (max deviation from Table C4 values)• pressure cold water: 2-3 bar• Draft free (air speed <0,5 –1,5 m/s)• WH shielded from direct solar radiation• Test room with minimum distances WH to wall and floor• Rapid response thermometer Thot_water output• Flow meter accuracy ± 0,1 l/min• Elapsed time ± 0,1 s


Example: Definition “zero load” condition storage WH

20

X

Tstore

StableZeroLoad(>12h)

24h tapping cycle

StableZeroLoad


Indirect method: Solar

4 (x4) Tsysreturn

test points

Curve fit (least square)η0 , a1, a2

Extra test at incidence angle ia=50° IAM

Measurement apertureAsol

Heat loss UAVolume VsolHeat exch. Uasolposition solpos

ia

Lat or 45 °

tank

Length LpipesolLoss Upipesol_m

Pump+CPU, etc.solaux

G >700W/m²

General Method EN 15316-4-3Component tests EN 12975-2, EN 12977


Indirect method: Heat Pump

4 test points, at least2 Tsrc and 2 Tsnk Phpnom, COPnom +matrix corr. factors

Extrapolation + Tsnkmax:COP [Tsrc, Tsnk]Php [Tsrc, Tsnk

Extra test 50% part load COP50

Heat loss PstbyhpCapacity V40hpVolume Vhp

tank

Pump(s)/fan,CPU, etc.hpaux

General Method EN 15316-4-2Component tests EN 255-3, EN 14511

Note that turndownhp plays no role for WH

HP

Tsrc

Tsnk

Ventmix


Indirect method: Back-up heater

Direct Method testAt Waterloadmin

Result: QfuelminQelecmin

Method as direct test methodsLinear interpolation

Direct Method testAt Waterloadmax

Result: QfuelmaxQelecmax

Back-upWH


Indirect method: Calculation

Back-upWH

HP

Tsrc

Tsnk

tank

CalculationMethod

Annex IV


Smart Control Test

1 “learning week” with smart control disactivated1 “smart week” with smart control activated

Tapping pattern both weeks as in table: WHL is selected tapping pattern, WHL-1 is tapping pattern 1 smaller (e.g. If WHL=“M” then WHL-1= “S”)

Difference in energy consumption between 2 weeks must be >10%


For opinion/ discussion

Annex IV could be considerably shorter and the small inconsistencies between the methods could be removed (e.g. on tolerances) if all direct methods in Annex F and G could be harmonised into a universal method, possibly with sub-variants...

Boiler - & WH labelling and European directive EuP

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