Boeing Air Traffic Services (ATS) Data Link...

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BoeingAirTrafficServices(ATS)DataLinkPerspectives

MikeMatyas,DataLinkAvionicsEngineerMay2017

DECEACNS/ATMWorkshop

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Contents§ ATSdatalink

� Purposes� Benefits� Architecture

ú Applicationsú Infrastructure

� Recommendations


ATSDataLinkPurposes§ Primarypurpose:Integrateavionicsandgroundautomationtoenablebeneficialcapabilitiesnotpossiblewithvoicecommunications� Forexample,enabletrajectory-basedoperations(TBO)

ú DepartureClearance(DCL)servicenowbeingdeployedindomesticUnitedStatesisaninitialformofTBO

§ Secondarypurpose:Supersedevoicecommunicationswhenandwhereappropriate� Enablecommunicationsviadatalink

ú Forexample,aclimbclearancerequestandresponse� Enablesurveillanceviadatalink

ú Forexample,automatedpositionreports


ATSDataLinkBenefits(1/2)§ Increasedcapacity

� Reducedcontrollerworkloadincontinentalairspace� Reducedseparationinoceanic,polar,andremoteairspace

ú Forexample,“30/30”separationinPacific,RLatSMinNorthAtlantic

§ Improvedefficiency� Decreasedfuelconsumptionand/ortimeenroute

ú Forexample,DynamicAirborneRerouteProcedure(DARP)reroutes


§ Enhancedsafety� 787operatorinAviationWeek:“integrationof[CPDLC]withtheautoflightsystem…enhancessafety”

� Avionicsrouteclearancepush-to-loadpreventsnavigationerrorscausedbymanualtranscription

ATSDataLinkBenefits(2/2)


ATSDataLinkArchitecture§ Datalinkmaybedividedintotwoparts:

� Applications:Functionswhichprovideservicestousers� Infrastructure:Networksandsubnetworks(linksormedia)whichconnectapplications

§ Inotherwords,applications-over-infrastructure,like:� Voice-over-IP(VoIP)� E-mail-over-WiFi� Facebook-over-4GLTE� FANS-over-VDLMode2


ApplicationTypes(1/2)1. ATSFacilitiesNotification(AFN)

� Orequivalent,namelyContextManagement(CM)� Providesinitialmanual“logon”capabilitytoflightcrew� SupportssubsequentautomatedtransfersofcommunicationsfromoneATSfacilitytoanother

2. AutomaticDependentSurveillance– Contract(ADS-C)� AllowsATSproviderstoestablish“contracts”withavionicsfordeliveryofsingle,periodic,and/orevent-basedreportsú Events:waypointchange,altitudechange,lateraldeviation,etc.ú Reportdata:latitude,longitude,altitude,time,predictedroute,etc.

� Providespositionreporting,separationassurance,routeconformancemonitoring,andtrajectorysynchronizationcapabilities


ApplicationTypes(2/2)3. Controller-PilotDataLinkCommunications(CPDLC)

� Providespre-definedmessageelementsforrequestanddeliveryofclearancesandreportsú Altitude,crossingconstraint,lateraloffset,routemodification,speedchange,free-text,andothercategories◦ Forexample,dM9REQUESTCLIMBTO[altitude]anduM20CLIMBTOANDMAINTAIN[altitude]

� MostbeneficialwhenintegratedwithFlightManagementComputer(FMC)orequivalentnavigationavionicsú Enablesrouteclearanceloading,conditionalclearancemonitoring,andwaypointvalidationagainstnavigationdatabase

ú Routeclearanceloadingisfaster(benefitingefficiency)andmoreaccurate(benefitingsafety)thanvoicecommunicationswithmanualtranscriptionandmanualentry


ApplicationSets:FANS1. FutureAirNavigationSystem(FANS)

� ConsistsofFANSAFN,CPDLC,andADS-Capplications� NormallyFMC-integrated– supportsTBOandsimilarcapabilitiesnotpossiblewithvoicecommunications

� Genericavionicsimplementationiscalled“FANS-1/A”ú “FANS-1”isBoeing’simplementation,“FANS-A”isAirbus’s

� InitiallyoperationalinSouthPacificin1995,nowoperationalorplannedinmanyareasworldwideú PhasedmandateinprogressforFANSinNorthAtlanticú FANSrequiredtouseL888,Y1,Y2,Y3routesinwesternChinaú DomesticUS:FANSuseforoperationalDCLservicebeganinAugust2015,FANSuseinenrouteairspaceisplannedfor2019


ApplicationSets:LINK2000+2. LINK2000+

� ConsistsofLINK2000+CMandCPDLCapplicationsú SubsetofEUROCAEED-110BAeronauticalTelecommunicationNetwork(ATN)Baseline1(B1)capability,whichinturnisasubsetofICAODoc9705ATNcapability

� NormallynotFMC-integrated– doesnotsupportTBOú Intendedtoreducefrequencycongestionandcontrollerworkload,solimitedmessagesetonlyreplicatescommonvoicephraseology

ú Lowbenefits(smallmessageset,noTBO)buthighcosts(largeandcomplexrequirementssetandcodebase)

� InitiallyoperationalinEuropein2009ú Deploymentisfacingbothoperationalandtechnicalchallengesú Original2013(ground)and2015(air)mandatenowdelayedfiveyearsto2018and2020


3. [future] Baseline2(B2)� ConsistsofB2CM,CPDLC,andADS-Capplications

ú CPDLCaddsspeedschedule,one-secondtimeprecision,etc.ú ADS-CaddsExtendedProjectedProfile(EPP)fortrajectorysynchronization

� Newservicesinclude4-DimensionalTrajectoryDataLink(4DTRAD)andDataLinkTaxi(D-TAXI)

� FMC-integrated– supportsTBOandsimilarcapabilitiesnotpossiblewithvoicecommunications

� RecentlydefinedbyRTCASC-214andEUROCAEWG-78ú InitialstandardswerepublishedinApril2014,RevAstandardswerepublishedinApril2016

ApplicationSets:Baseline2


ApplicationSets:CapabilityComparison


ApplicationSets:ICAOASBUSupport

ASBU ModuleandTitle FANS LINK2000+

[future]B2

Block0

B0-05,ImprovedFlexibilityand EfficiencyinDescentProfiles Yes No Yes

B0-10,ImprovedOperationsthroughEnhancedEn-RouteTrajectories Yes No Yes

B0-40,ImprovedSafetyandEfficiencythroughtheInitialApplicationofDataLinkEn-Route Yes Partial Yes

Block1

B1-10,ImprovedOperationsthroughOptimizedATSRouting Partial No Yes

B1-40,ImprovedTrafficSynchronizationandInitialTrajectory-BasedOperation Partial No Yes

Block2 B2-05,ImprovedFlexibilityandEfficiencyin

DescentProfilesUsingVNAV,RequiredSpeed,andTimeatArrival

Partial No Yes


ApplicationSets:Map


Infrastructure:Networks(1/2)1. AircraftCommunicationsAddressingandReporting

System(ACARS)� Inusesincelate1970s,nowmainnetworkworldwide� UsedbyFANSATSapplications� AlsousedbyAeronauticalOperationalCommunications(AOC)applications

2. AeronauticalTelecommunicationNetwork(ATN)� BasedonOpenSystemsInterconnection(OSI)referencemodel� Inusesinceearly2000s,butonlyinEurope� UsedonlybyLINK2000+ATSapplications� Technicalproblemsapparentindesignandimplementationofmultiplelayersofprotocolstack


Infrastructure:Networks(2/2)3. [future] InternetProtocolSuite(IPS)

� IndevelopmentinICAO(Doc9896)andAEEC(ARINC658)� IPSuseiswidelyacknowledgedasastrategicgoal;IPSwill:

ú Usewell-knownandextensivelytestedInternetprotocolsprofiledforaeronauticaluse

ú Offerasimplifiedandcost-effectivearchitectureú Allowmaximumflexibilityandcompatibilityú ProvidebackwardcompatibilitybycarryingapplicationmessagesthatACARSandATNhavetraditionallycarried;existingapplicationswillnotneedtochangetouseIPS

ú EnablesecuritycapabilitiesthatareabsentfromcurrentACARSandATNimplementations


Infrastructure:TransitiontoIPS


§ Boeing,Honeywell,Inmarsat,andSITAhavesuccessfullyperformedIPSlabandflighttests

Infrastructure:IPSLabandFlightTests


Infrastructure:Subnetworks– Short-Range§ Short-range,line-of-sight

� VHFDigitalLink(VDL)Mode0/Aú Usesoriginal“PlainOld”ACARS(POA)protocol

� VDLMode2ú ForcarryingACARSmessages,usesACARSoverAviationVHFLinkControl(AVLC)(AOA)protocol

ú ForcarryingATNmessages,usesISO8208(ITUX.25)protocolú TheAEECDataLinkSystemsSubcommittee(DLK)isdevelopingaconnectionless(likePOA)versionofVDLMode2thatisexpectedtobemorerobustandefficient

� [future] AeroMACSú BasedonIEEE802.16WiMAXú Willprovideahigh-speed,InternetProtocol(IP)orientedlinkforaircraftonairportsurface


Infrastructure:Subnetworks– Long-Range§ Long-range,beyondline-of-sight

� InmarsatClassicAeroSATCOM� IridiumSATCOM

ú Providespolarcoverage� HFDataLink(HFDL)

ú Providespolarcoverage� InmarsatSwiftBroadbandSATCOM

ú High-speed,IP-orientedú FAAPerformance-basedoperationsAviationRulemakingCommittee(PARC)CommunicationsWorkingGroup(CWG)isconductinganoperationalevaluationofFANS-over-SwiftBroadbandperformancewithpromisingresults

� [future] IridiumCertus(usingIridiumNEXTconstellation)ú Willbehigh-speed,IPoriented


ConceptualArchitecture

Applications

Networks ACARS

Subnetworks

FANSAFN, CPDLC, ADS-C

ATN

LINK 2000+CM, CPDLC

B2CM, CPDLC, ADS-C

IPS

VDL M

ode 0/A

Iridium

VDL M

ode 2

Inmarsat

SwiftBroadband

Iridium C

ertus

HFD

L

Inmarsat C

lassic Aero

AeroMAC

S


Recommendations§ DeployFANSserviceinBraziliandomesticairspace

� HarmonizeswithcurrentFANSserviceinAtlânticoFIR� FANSsupportsTBOandsimilarcapabilitiesnotpossiblewithvoicecommunications

� FANSavionicsarereadilyavailableú Forexample,737NGFMChasbuilt-inFANS-1capability

� FANSoffersapositivebusinesscaseú DECEAwouldlikelygainbenefitssimilartothosethattheFAAisgainingwithFANSdeploymentinUSdomesticairspace

§ SupportIPSdevelopmentanddeployment� IPSwillprovidecost,performance,andsecurityimprovementsrelativetoACARSandATN


AdditionalInformation(asneeded)


RouteClearanceDelivery§ Voice:Manual,takesseveralminutes1. Controlleradvisespilotofrouteclearance2. Pilotindicatesreadyforrouteclearance3. Controllerreadsrouteclearance4. Pilotwritesdownrouteclearance5. Pilotreadsbackrouteclearance6. PilotentersrouteclearanceintoFMC

§ CPDLC:Automated,takesafewtensofseconds1. Controllersendsrouteclearance2. PilotcommandsFMCtoloadrouteclearance3. Pilotreviewsrouteclearance4. PilotsendsWILCOresponse


• Groundsystemsunchangedfromlaboratorytests• Testaircraftinlieuoflabtestbench- HoneywellKingAirtestaircraft- Honeywellavionicstestpallet§ MarkII+CommunicationsManagementUnit(CMU)

§ VHFDataRadio(VDR)connectedtofinantennaonundersideofaircraft

§ Multi-inputInteractiveDisplayUnit(MIDU)

Honeywell Avionics Test Pallet

HoneywellATN/IPS CMU

Boeing DevelopmentATN/IPS End System

VDLM2Local LAN

(AOE Lab Subnet)

Boeing Integrated Aircraft Systems

Laboratory (Seattle, WA)

SITAONAIR Rhode & Schwarz Radio

VGS Controller

RF Cable

RF Cable VHF Antenna

Gateway

Boeing Airspace and Operational

Efficiency Laboratory (Kent, WA)

VHF Tx

VHF Rx

Firewall

Aircraft FinAntenna

SITAONAIR (Montreal, QC)

Remote VGSConfig

Internet

Honeywell KingAirTest Aircraft

IPS-over-VDLMode2FlightTestEnvironment


ATSDataLinkTimeline

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