BODY TYPES-A classification of body types

or physique has been thought of to distinguish certain physiological and personality traits.

What’s your Body Types?

Two Classification of Body Types

Ernest Kretschmer-A German Psychiatrist -He wrote that among his patients a frail, rather weak (asthenic) body build as well as a muscular (athletic) physique were frequently characteristic of schizophrenic patients, while a short, rotund (pyknic) build was often found among manic-depressive.

William Sheldon- (born November 19, 1898, Warwick, Rhode Island, U.S.—died September 16, 1977, Cambridge, Massachusetts), American psychologist and physician who was best known for his theory associating physique, personality, and delinquency..Sheldon attended the University of Chicago, where he received a Ph.D. in psychology in 1926 and an M.D. in 1933.

-Sheldon became convinced that the psychological makeup of humans had biological foundations. He constructed a classification system that associated physiology and psychology, which he outlined in The Varieties of Human Physique (1940) and The Varieties of Temperament (1942).

-Sheldon classified people according to three body types:1. endomorphs, who are rounded and soft, were said to have a tendency toward a “viscerotonic” personality (i.e., relaxed, comfortable, extroverted) 2. mesomorphs, who are square and muscular, were said to have a tendency toward a “somotonic” personality (i.e., active, dynamic, assertive, aggressive)3. ectomorphs, who are thin and fine-boned, were said to have a tendency toward a “cerebrotonic” personality (i.e., introverted, thoughtful, inhibited, sensitive).

Kretschmer’s Body Types

Asthenic

Athletic

Kretschmer’s Body Types

Sheldon’s Body Types

Characteristics

1. Asthenic Ectomorph Lean, slim, shallow-chested, and tall in proportion to their weight.

2. Athletic Mesomorph Muscular individual with broad shoulders, well-developed chest, robust and strong.

3. Pyknic Endomorph Broad, rounded figure, large head, heavy neck, and rudy face

4 . Dysplastic ____ ____ _____ ______ Abnormal bodies/ abnormal builds

Ectomorph Mesomorph Endomorph

Skinny, linear/ ruler appearance

Naturally lean Smooth, round body

Lightly muscled Naturally muscular Gains muscle easily, but tends to be underdeveloped

Small joints/ boned Medium size joints/ bones

Medium/ large joints/ bones

Low body fat (without exercising or following low calorie diets)

Naturally strong High levels of body fat (may be overweight)

Small shoulders, chest and buttocks

Broad/ square shoulders

Small shoulders, high waist and large hips creating a pear-shaped physique

Long arms and legs Body fat evenly distributed

Difficult to keep lost body fat off

Difficulty gaining weight

Losing fat is easy Slow metabolic rate

Fast & efficient metabolism

Efficient metabolism Attacks of tiredness/ fatigue

Hyperactive Gaining muscle easy Lose weight slowly

CURETON-according to him there can never be a rigid classification of body types.-an individual be may be somewhere in a scale between athletic and pyknic.

The limits body types that may be used as an indication of athletic ability

Athletic – pyknic type Asthenic- athletic type

Somatotyping or body classification

-may not be reliable in selection of athletes, yet we

can use them as basis in spotting of potential athletes or for classifying for physical

education activities.

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